scholarly journals The Influence of Parental Dietary Behaviors and Practices on Children’s Eating Habits

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1138
Author(s):  
Lubna Mahmood ◽  
Paloma Flores-Barrantes ◽  
Luis A. Moreno ◽  
Yannis Manios ◽  
Esther M. Gonzalez-Gil
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Dietary Behaviors ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Excessive Pressure ◽  
Parental Encouragement

Poor dietary habits established during childhood might persist into adulthood, increasing the risk of developing obesity and obesity-related complications such as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. It has been found that early modifications in eating habits, especially during childhood, might promote health and decrease the risk of developing diseases during later life. Various studies found a great influence of parental dietary habits on dietary behaviors of their children regardless of demographic characteristics such as gender, age, socioeconomic status and country; however, the exact mechanism is still not clear. Therefore, in this review, we aimed to investigate both parents’ and children’s dietary behaviors, and to provide evidence for the potential influence of parents’ dietary behaviors and practices on certain children’s eating habits. Family meals were found to contribute the most in modeling children’s dietary habits as they represent an important moment of control and interaction between parents and their children. The parental practices that influenced their children most were role modeling and moderate restriction, suggesting that the increase of parental encouragement and decrease of excessive pressure could have a positive impact in their children’s dietary behaviors. This narrative review highlights that parental child-feeding behaviors should receive more attention in research studies as modifiable risk factors, which could help to design future dietary interventions and policies to prevent dietary-related diseases.

scholarly journals Primary school children’s diet assessment with a 7-day diary – comparison between Italy and Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Kawalec ◽  
G Piscitelli ◽  
K Pawlas ◽  
L Dallolio
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Food Diary

Abstract Background Dietary habits acquired in childhood are often followed in later life, and if unfavourable may result in negative long-term health consequences. The study aimed to assess diet of primary school children with an interactive 7-day food diary in the form of a colouring book. Methods At first the study was conducted among 428 primary school children from Calderara di Reno (Italy). After questionnaire's translation and adjustment, the study continued as a pilot-study among 83 children from Wałbrzych (Poland). Under supervision of parents and teachers children completed a 7-day food diary. The quality of diet was evaluated with KIDMED test. Composition of breakfast was rated due to content of water (+1), carbohydrates (+1), proteins (+1), fibre (+1), vitamins/minerals (+1), free sugars (-1), assuming adequate breakfast if scored > =3 points and contained source of protein or carbohydrates. Statistical analysis with chi-square test was performed. Results Adherence to the model diet was medium or high among 64.49% of Italian and 40% of Polish children (p < 0.001). Significantly more Italian children had adequate breakfast each day during a week (51.17% vs 27.71%, p < 0.001) and each school day (51.40% vs 34.94%, p = 0.006). There was no difference in number of children consuming well-balanced breakfast during a weekend (p = 0.749). Consumption of fruits and vegetables in both groups was far below recommended level- 75.9% of Italian and 81.9% of Polish children ate less than 3 portions of fruits and vegetables per day. Conclusions The study underlines the need for improvement of children's diet and increase in parent's awareness of family eating habits. This 7-day diary is a innovative tool, which allows identification of incorrect dietary behaviours among children and enables school professionals to design adapted health promotion activities and educational programmes for pupils and parents, aiming to increase knowledge about the role of diet and nutrition in health. Key messages There is a constant need for nutritional education and healthy lifestyle promotion among children, parents and teachers. Assessment of children’s diet and screening for unfavourable dietary habits may be helpful in planning health promotion and preventive activities at schools.

scholarly journals Meals and snacks from the child’s perspective: the contribution of qualitative methods to the development of dietary interventions

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 739-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Husby ◽  
Berit L Heitmann ◽  
Katherine O’Doherty Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Social Events ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Healthy Eating Habits ◽  
Role Of Parents

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the everyday consumption of meals and snacks from the child’s perspective, among those with healthier v. less healthy dietary habits.DesignThe sample in this qualitative study comprised two groups of Danish schoolchildren aged 10 to 11 years, one with a healthier diet (n 9) and the other with a less healthy diet (n 8). Both groups were recruited from respondents to a dietary survey. Semi-structured interviews took their starting point in photographs of their meals and snacks taken by the children themselves.ResultsBoth subgroups of children had a meal pattern with three main meals and two to four snacks. We found a connection between the nutritional quality of the diet and the social contexts of consumption, especially with regard to snacks. Among children with healthier eating habits, both snacks and meals tended to be shared social events and items of poor nutritional quality functioned as markers of a special social occasion. This was not the case among children with less healthy eating habits. All children described particular rules governing food consumption within their families. Although only some of them had participated in the development of these rules, and despite the fact that rules were different and were perceived as having been developed for different reasons, children from both subgroups tended to accept them.ConclusionsThe results of the study suggest that dietary interventions designed to promote children’s health should focus more on the different social contexts of consumption and more on the role of parents.

scholarly journals Dietary Behaviors and Metabolic Syndrome in Schizophrenia Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Adamowicz ◽  
Jolanta Kucharska-Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Dietary Behaviors ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

The metabolic syndrome (MS) is highly prevalent in schizophrenia patients, resulting from both pharmacotherapy and their lifestyle. To avoid its development, the analysis of patients’ eating behaviors followed by the necessary nutritional changes should become a routine element of treatment. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of dietary habits on the course of schizophrenia and MS, cognitive performance, symptom severity, and subjective assessment of eating behaviors in schizophrenia patients. Total of 87 participants (63.2% women) aged 19 to 67 years (M = 41.67; SD = 12.87), of whom 60 met the IDF criteria for MS, completed the PANSS, the verbal fluency test, the Stroop Color-Word Test, and the digit span task, followed by a thorough nutritional interview. There were no significant differences in the dietary behaviors between investigated schizophrenia patients with and without comorbid MS. Interestingly, their eating habits compared quite favorably to those described in the literature. No associations were found between positive eating habits and other tested variables in patients with MS. They were, however, linked to lower PANSS scores in the entire sample. In addition, positive eating habits correlated with better cognitive performance and a more adequate subjective assessment of dietary habits. It would be amiss to assume that schizophrenia patients lack the ability to control their eating behaviors. Nutrition education may foster desirable dietary changes and improve the sense of agency, thus helping to reduce symptom severity and enhancing cognitive performance in this patient population.

The Positive Impact of Weight Management on Liver Cirrhosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 202-221
Author(s):  
Heba Abdulkarim Sanousi ◽  
Almoutaz Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Alcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
One Year

Weight management offers patients with liver cirrhosis significant health benefits. This case study describes the treatment of liver cirrhosis through dietary interventions. A 48-year-old male presented at Doctor Soliman Fakeeh Hospital in Saudi Arabia, Jeddah. The patient was suffering from morbid obesity (BMI= 43.76 kg/m2), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and chronic hepatitis B viral infection. Sleeve gastrectomy surgery was not possible due to the patient having liver fibrosis (stage 4). Alternatively, he was offered a healthy lifestyle intervention involving advisement regarding dietary habits and the initiation of a regular exercise routine. FibroScan was repeated seven months after the dietary intervention, where it was observed that the liver fibrosis improved from stage 4 to stage 3 post-treatment. Additionally, the patient lost almost 29% of his original body weight. In this case, weight management through following a healthy, balanced diet and increasing physical activity for one year produced remarkable improvement in the patient's liver cirrhosis related to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

scholarly journals Detection of Dysbiosis and Increased Intestinal Permeability in Brazilian Patients with Relapsing–Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4621
Author(s):  
Felipe Papa Pellizoni ◽  
Aline Zazeri Leite ◽  
Nathália de Campos Rodrigues ◽  
Marcelo Jordão Ubaiz ◽  
Marina Ignácio Gonzaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
16S Sequencing ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Dysbiosis, associated with barrier disruption and altered gut–brain communications, has been associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, we evaluated the gut microbiota in relapsing–remitting patients (RRMS) receiving disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) and correlated these data with diet, cytokines levels, and zonulin concentrations. Stool samples were used for 16S sequencing and real-time PCR. Serum was used for cytokine determination by flow cytometry, and zonulin quantification by ELISA. Pearson’s chi-square, Mann–Whitney, and Spearman’s correlation were used for statistical analyses. We detected differences in dietary habits, as well as in the gut microbiota in RRMS patients, with predominance of Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides vulgatus and decreased Bifidobacterium. Interleukin-6 concentrations were decreased in treated patients, and we detected an increased intestinal permeability in RRMS patients when compared with controls. We conclude that diet plays an important role in the composition of the gut microbiota, and intestinal dysbiosis, detected in RRMS patients could be involved in increased intestinal permeability and affect the clinical response to DTMs. The future goal is to predict therapeutic responses based on individual microbiome analyses (personalized medicine) and propose dietary interventions and the use of probiotics or other microbiota modulators as adjuvant therapy to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of DMTs.

scholarly journals Predictors of COVID-19-Related Perceived Improvements in Dietary Health: Results from a US Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2097
Author(s):  
Kelly Cosgrove ◽  
Christopher Wharton
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Income Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Eating Habits ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Survey Responses

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in substantial lifestyle changes. No US study has identified predictors of perceived dietary healthfulness changes during the pandemic period. This study included analyses of lifestyle and dietary healthfulness changes using 958 survey responses from US primary household food purchasers. Information was collected related to demographics, COVID-19-related household changes, and health-related habits before and during the pandemic. Binary logistic regression identified predictors of perceived increase in dietary healthfulness during the pandemic period. Overall, 59.8%, 16.4%, and 23.4% of participants reported that their eating habits likely changed, may have changed, and likely did not change, respectively. Of the participants whose dietary habits likely or may have changed, 64.1%, 16.8%, and 19% reported healthier, neither healthier nor less healthy, and less healthy eating habits, respectively. COVID-19-related income loss, more meals consumed with household members in front of the television, an increase in food advertisement exposure, increased perceived stress, and better perceived current health were significant predictors of a perceived increase in dietary healthfulness. Overall, dietary habits were perceived to become healthier during the pandemic. The predictors of perceived improvement in dietary healthfulness were surprising and indicate the need for further study of these factors in crisis and noncrisis situations.

scholarly journals Can Diet Influence the COVID-19 Mortality Rate?

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-18
Author(s):  
Amanda Avery
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Activity ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
The Many

Reported COVID-19 deaths in Germany are relatively low as compared to many European countries. Among the several explanations proposed, an early and large testing of the population was put forward. Most current debates on COVID-19 focus on the differences among countries, but little attention has been given to regional differences and diet. The low-death rate European countries (e.g. Austria, Baltic States, Czech Republic, Finland, Norway, Poland, Slovakia) have used different quarantine and/or confinement times and methods and none have performed as many early tests as Germany. Among other factors that may be significant are the dietary habits. It seems that some foods largely used in these countries may reduce angiotensin-converting enzyme activity or are anti-oxidants. Among the many possible areas of research, it might be important to understand diet and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) levels in populations with different COVID-19 death rates since dietary interventions may be of great benefit.

scholarly journals Fish Consumption: A Review of Its Effects on Metabolic and Hormonal Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117863882110223
Author(s):  
Carlos O Mendivil
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
The Impact

Dietary habits are a major determinant of the risk of chronic disease, particularly metabolic and endocrine disorders. Fish as a food group are a unique source of nutrients with metabolic and hormonal importance including omega-3 fatty acids, iodine, selenium, vitamin D, taurine and carnitine. Fish are also a source of high quality protein and have in general low caloric density. The impact of these nutrients on cardiovascular risk has been extensively reviewed, but the impact of fish on the broader field of endocrine and metabolic health is sometimes not sufficiently appreciated. This article aimed to summarize the impact the effect of regular fish consumption on conditions like the metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, hypothyroidism, polycystic ovary syndrome and the menopausal transition, which are in and of themselves significant causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The review revealed that scientific evidence from food science, translational research, epidemiologic studies and interventional trials shows that regular fish consumption has a positive impact on thyroid homeostasis, facilitates maintenance of a healthy body weight, reduces the magnitude of age-associated increases in blood pressure, improves glucose homeostasis helping prevent diabetes and the metabolic syndrome, and has a positive impact on muscle mass preservation among the elderly. These effects are mediated by multiple mechanisms, only some of which have been identified. For most of these effects it holds true that the potential benefits are more substantial when baseline fish consumption is low.

scholarly journals Patterns of Change in Dietary Habits and Physical Activity during Lockdown in Spain Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Carmen Pérez-Rodrigo ◽  
Marta Gianzo Citores ◽  
Gotzone Hervás Bárbara ◽  
Fátima Ruiz-Litago ◽  
Luis Casis Sáenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dietary Change ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Active Cluster

Background: Lockdown due to COVID-19 influenced food habits and lifestyles with potential negative health impact. This study aims to identify patterns of change in eating habits and physical activity during COVID-19 lockdown in Spain and to identify associations with sociodemographic factors and usual habits. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1155 adults recruited online to answer a 10-section questionnaire. The protocol assessed usual diet by means of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, usual physical activity (PA) and supplement use, dietary changes, sedentary time, PA, exposure to sunlight, sleep quality, and smoking during confinement. Patterns of dietary change were identified by factor analysis. Factor scores were included in cluster analysis together with change in PA. Results: Six patterns of dietary change were identified that together with PA changes during lockdown defined three clusters of lifestyle change: a cluster less active, a more active cluster, and a third cluster as active as usual. People who were usually less active were more likely to be classified in the cluster that increased physical activity in confinement. Scores of the Healthy Mediterranean-Style dietary pattern were higher in this group. Conclusions: Different patterns of change in lifestyles in confinement suggest the need to tailor support and advice to different population groups.

scholarly journals The Effect on Children’s Attitudes Towards Food Associated With Their Non-Cognitive Skills, and With the Nutrition Knowledge of Their Parents

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Tomoko Osera ◽  
Nobuko Taniguchi ◽  
Hiroko Hashimoto ◽  
Nobutaka Kurihara
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Parental Knowledge ◽  
Nutrition Knowledge ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Knowledge Level ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Exact Test

Early childhood is the most important time for establishing healthy eating habits, and of course during this period a mother can have a great influence in this regard. In this study explored what major factors influence the development children’s food habits and whether the level of nutrition knowledge of parents has a material impact. This study involved 219 students (age renge, 3–5 years) and their parents in Osaka prefecture in Japan. Mothers were administered questionnaires that contained uestions pertaining to lifestyle, unidentifiable description of the children and their guardian’s SRH along with 39 questions to assess the food-related habits and attitudes. The correlates of the nutrition-related knowledge level of mothers and the children’s concern and respect for healthy eating were assessed using the Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test and the Mann-Whitney U test. The differences between high and low amount of parental knowledge and high and low non-cognitive skills towards food groups were also examined. Completed questionnaires were returned by 219 of the participants. Among the respondents, 50.7% were male, and 92.2% of the parents indicated that they get nutrition information from the Internet. We remarkably found that the level of mother’s knowledge about nutrition had no statistically significant influence on how the children in this study understood food. However, chilren’s concern and respect for food were significantly associated with their participation in various aspects of food preparation (help with washing and cooking of food) and presentation (help with setting up the table) (P < 0.05, Mann–Whitney U test). Participation of Japanese kindergarten children in such activities was significantly associated with high level of food-related non-cognitive skills. Of note, the nutrition-related knowledge level of the mother showed no significant association with the attitude of their children towasds food.

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