scholarly journals The Breast Milk Immunoglobulinome

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1810
Author(s):  
Karla Rio-Aige ◽  
Ignasi Azagra-Boronat ◽  
Margarida Castell ◽  
Marta Selma-Royo ◽  
María Carmen Collado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Immune Development ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Shed Light

Breast milk components contribute to the infant’s immune development and protection, and among other immune factors, immunoglobulins (Igs) are the most studied. The presence of IgA in milk has been known for a long time; however, less information is available about the presence of other Igs such as IgM, IgG, and their subtypes (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4) or even IgE or IgD. The total Ig concentration and profile will change during the course of lactation; however, there is a great variability among studies due to several variables that limit establishing a clear pattern. In this context, the aim of this review was firstly to shed light on the Ig concentration in breast milk based on scientific evidence and secondly to study the main factors contributing to such variability. A search strategy provided only 75 studies with the prespecified eligibility criteria. The concentrations and proportions found have been established based on the intrinsic factors of the study—such as the sampling time and quantification technique—as well as participant-dependent factors, such as lifestyle and environment. All these factors contribute to the variability of the immunoglobulinome described in the literature and should be carefully addressed for further well-designed studies and data interpretation.

scholarly journals Patients’ perceptions of maternal healthcare acceptability: A scoping review protocol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy Blaise Bucyibaruta ◽  
Leah Maidment ◽  
Carl Heese ◽  
Mmapheko Doriccah Peu ◽  
Lesley Bamford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Maternal Healthcare ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Shed Light

Healthcare acceptability is an important concept in health sciences including psychology, yet, it remains controversial and poorly understood by all health researchers. Healthcare acceptability cuts across all health disciplines and refers to human behavioural constructs such as attitude, trust and respect, which are expressed when patients and health professionals interact. Many studies have described the acceptability of maternal healthcare, but there is no universally accepted definition. We describe a protocol for a scoping review of existing literature to shed-light-on the definition and conceptualisation of maternal healthcare acceptability from patients’ perspectives. We will employ a search strategy, with eligibility criteria, to search for relevant articles from electronic and grey literature. Two researchers will independently screen the retrieved articles using Rayyan software and chart data from included articles. An inter-reviewer agreement of 80% will be deemed appropriate. We will interpret key findings in line with available evidence, while being consistent with the research purpose. We will discuss the study’s limitations, implications for practice and propose future research projects.

scholarly journals Associação entre Eventos Endodônticos e Casos de Osteonecrose dos Maxilares por Exposição a Bisfosfonato

REVISTA FIMCA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
Maiara Vieira Abreu ◽  
Mariana Fampa Fogacci ◽  
Davi Da Silva Barbirato
Keyword(s):  
Search Strategy ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Osteonecrosis Of The Jaws ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Exposure Factor ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Probable Diagnosis

Introdução: Pacientes em tratamento com bisfosfonatos ou mesmo com queixa principal de uma lessão bucal com diagnóstico provável de osteonecrose dos ossos maxilares por uso de bisfosfonatos podem ser frequentes na rotina diária de atendimento odontológico. Objetivos: A presente pesquisa objetiva revisar de forma sistematizada os estudos existentes sobre a relação entre procedimentos endodônticos e eventos de osteonecrose em ossos maxilares expostos a Bisfosfonatos. Materiais e Métodos: A estratégia de busca sistemática de artigos contemplou as principais fontes de evidência científica, bases de dados convencionais e também fontes de dados não publicados, além de busca manual das referências bibliográficas dos artigos pré-selecionados. A busca foi feita utilizando-se as palavras-chave obtidas por descritores relacionados com a pergunta a ser respondida. Resultados: A busca inicial resultou em 683 artigos. Apés a aplicação dos critetérios de eligibilidade, oito artigos foram selecionados para a tabulação e coleta de dados. Apenas dois estudos avaliaram causalidade entre procedimentos endodônticos e eventos de osteonecrose nos ossos maxilares, em pacientes usuários de bisfosfonatos. Dos procedimentos odontolôgicos avaliados, os menos frequentemente relacionados com os casos dessa patologia foram as terapias endodônticas (0,8% dos casos). Conclusão: A realização de procedimentos endodônticos em pacientes que fazem uso de bisfosfonatos pode resultar em casos de osteonecrose dos ossos maxilares. Entretanto, mais estudos são necessários para investigar a possiíel relação de causalidade entre o fator de exposição (procedimentos endodônticos) e o desfecho (osteonecrose dos maxilares, em pacientes usuários de bisfosfonatos) estudados. Introduction: Patients treated with bisphosphonates or even with a major complaint of a buccal lesion with probable diagnosis of osteonecrosis of the maxillary bones due to the use of bisphosphonates may be frequent in the daily routine of dental care. Objectives: The present study aims to systematically review existing studies on the relationship between endodontic procedures and events of osteonecrosis in maxillary bones exposed to bisphosphonates. Materials and Methods: The systematic search strategy of articles included the main sources of scientific evidence, conventional databases as well as unpublished data sources, and manual search of the bibliographic references of the pre- selected articles. The search was done using the keywords obtained by descriptors related to the question to be answered. Results: The initial search resulted in 683 articles. After applying the eligibility criteria, eight articles were selected for tabulation and data collection. Only two studies evaluated causality between endodontic procedures and events of osteonecrosis in maxillary bones in patients using bisphosphonates. Of the dental procedures evaluated, the least frequently related cases of this pathology were endodontic therapies (0.8% of cases). Conclusion: Performing endodontic procedures in patients who use bisphosphonates may result in cases of osteonecrosis of the maxillary bones. However, further studies are needed to investigate the possible causal relationship between the exposure factor (endodontic procedures) and the outcome (osteonecrosis of the jaws in patients using bisphosphonates).

The Role of Zinc in Thyroid Hormones Metabolism

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 80-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Soares Severo ◽  
Jennifer Beatriz Silva Morais ◽  
Taynáh Emannuelle Coelho de Freitas ◽  
Ana Letícia Pereira Andrade ◽  
Mayara Monte Feitosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Zinc Transporters ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Metabolic Adaptations ◽  
Serum T3 ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract. Thyroid hormones play an important role in body homeostasis by facilitating metabolism of lipids and glucose, regulating metabolic adaptations, responding to changes in energy intake, and controlling thermogenesis. Proper metabolism and action of these hormones requires the participation of various nutrients. Among them is zinc, whose interaction with thyroid hormones is complex. It is known to regulate both the synthesis and mechanism of action of these hormones. In the present review, we aim to shed light on the regulatory effects of zinc on thyroid hormones. Scientific evidence shows that zinc plays a key role in the metabolism of thyroid hormones, specifically by regulating deiodinases enzymes activity, thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) synthesis, as well as by modulating the structures of essential transcription factors involved in the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Serum concentrations of zinc also appear to influence the levels of serum T3, T4 and TSH. In addition, studies have shown that Zinc transporters (ZnTs) are present in the hypothalamus, pituitary and thyroid, but their functions remain unknown. Therefore, it is important to further investigate the roles of zinc in regulation of thyroid hormones metabolism, and their importance in the treatment of several diseases associated with thyroid gland dysfunction.

scholarly journals An Integrative Review Considering the Impact of Storytelling and Sharing Interventions in Stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Rana Alawafi ◽  
Sheeba Rosewilliam ◽  
Andrew Soundy
Keyword(s):  
Search Strategy ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
Social Comparisons ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Data Display ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Impact

Background: Review-based research is needed which can establish the psychosocial outcomes and mechanisms of “storytelling and sharing” interventions for people with stroke. This information will act to inform the value and development of such interventions. Methods: An integrative review was conducted in three stages: (a) a systematic search strategy was undertaken to focus on articles between 2009 until January 2020 to locate articles the considered storytelling and sharing interventions for people diagnosed with stroke; (b) critical appraisal was undertaken to assess study quality; and (c) synthesis within three stages including data reduction, data display and conclusion. Results: Fourteen articles (including 727 participants) were identified that met the eligibility criteria. Five themes were identified that represented the outcome and mechanisms that appeared to be associated with a stroke intervention. These included introducing the concept of hope and learning to be positive, the enhanced ability to cope, the impact of loneliness and social interaction, impact on emotions, depression and related emotions such as fear. Conclusions: Storytelling interventions appear to impact loneliness, introduce positivity and hope and enable coping through knowledge exchange. The main mechanisms which appeared to influence these outcomes were social comparisons and social control.

scholarly journals Recycling and Reuse of Sediments in Agriculture: Where Is the Problem?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1648
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Renella
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Fine Sediments ◽  
Sediment Fraction ◽  
Biodegradation Process ◽  
Component Material ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Clay Sediment ◽  
International Conventions

Though suggested by international conventions for a long time, there are still several technical and legislative limitations to a complete reuse and recycling of dredged sediments. In particular, reuse of unpolluted sediments can be practiced, whereas sediment recycling is still affected by several downsides, and a significant proportion of the recycled fine sediments has no practical use and must be landfilled. However, the silty clayey fraction of the recycled sediments is rich in organic matter and macro- and micronutrients useful for plant growth. Nevertheless, sediment recycling in agriculture is not possible, even in non-food agricultural sectors, due to the lack of a permissive legislation and of consolidated supply chains. In addition to plant nutrients, the silty-clay sediment fraction may also accumulate organic and inorganic pollutants, and while the organic pollutants can be effectively biodegraded, metals and metalloids may concentrate at concentrations higher than the limits set by the environmental and agricultural legislations. In this paper, I briefly summarize the scientific evidence on the potential reuse and recycling of sediments in agriculture, and I discuss the main reasons for hindrance of sediment recycling in agriculture. I also present evidence from a real industrial biodegradation process that produces bioremediated fine sediment fractions with suitable properties as a mineral ingredient for plant-growing media. I propose that nutrient-rich recycled sediments could be reconsidered as a component material category in the new EU regulation on fertilizers.

scholarly journals Reporting of the Role of the Expert Searcher in Cochrane Reviews

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhang ◽  
Margaret Sampson ◽  
Jessie McGowan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Statistical Decision ◽  
Cochrane Reviews ◽  
Statistical Decisions ◽  
Search Quality

Introduction - This study applied the principles of evidence based information practice to clarify the role of information specialists and librarians in the preparation of Cochrane systematic reviews and to determine whether information specialists impact the quality of searching in Cochrane systematic reviews. Objectives - This research project sought to determine how the contribution of the person responsible for searching in the preparation of Cochrane systematic reviews was reported; whether the contribution was recognized through authorship or acknowledgement; the qualifications of the searcher; and the association between the type of contributorship and characteristics of the search strategy, assessability, and the presence of certain types of errors. Methods - Data sources: The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, The Cochrane Library 3 (2002). Inclusion criteria: The study included systematic reviews that met the following criteria: one or more sections of the Cochrane Highly Sensitive Search Strategy were utilised, primary studies were either randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs, and included and excluded studies were clearly identified. Data extraction: Two librarians assessed the searches for errors, establishing consensus on discordant ratings. Results - Of the 169 reviews screened for this project, 105 met all eligibility criteria. Authors fulfilled the searching role in 41.9% of reviews studied, acknowledged persons or groups in 13.3%, a combination in 9.5%, and the role was not reported in 35.2% of reviews. For the 78 reviews in which meta-analyses were performed, the positions of those responsible for statistical decisions were examined for comparative purposes. The statistical role was performed by an author in 47.4% of cases and unreported in the same number of cases. Insufficient analyzable data was obtained regarding professional qualifications (3/105 for searching, 2/78 for statistical decisions). Search quality was assessed for 66 searches across 74 reviews. In general, it was more possible to assess the search quality when the searcher role was reported. An association was found between the reporting of searcher role and the presence of a consequential error. There was no association between the number of consequential errors and how the contribution of the searcher was reported. Conclusions - Qualifications of the persons responsible for searching and statistical decision-making were poorly reported in Cochrane reviews, but more complete role reporting is associated with greater assessability of searches and fewer substantive errors in search strategies.

scholarly journals Cuidado de enfermagem ao recém-nascido em fototerapia, o que as evidências revelam: revisão integrativa

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (32) ◽  
pp. 259-268
Author(s):  
Karla Brandão de Araújo ◽  
Erika Oliveira Abinader ◽  
Anete Leda de Oliveira Martins ◽  
Gláucia Alvarenga de Araújo ◽  
Karem De Souza Brandão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
Clinical Condition ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Specific Care

A Hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal é uma condição clínica caraterizada pelo acúmulo de bilirrubina no organismo do neonato podendo acarretar graves sequelas quando não tratada. Um dos meios terapêuticos consiste fototerapia, um tratamento que demanda cuidados específicos para prevenir iatrogenias. A enfermagem desempenha relevante papel nesses cuidados, pois permanece 24 horas no seguimento dos casos prevenindo complicações e contribuindo para a eficácia da terapêutica. Portanto, nesse estudo o objetivo foi investigar, através de revisão integrativa da literatura, as evidências científicas sobre os cuidados de enfermagem ao recém nascido em fototerapia. Para tal, foram pesquisadas as bases de dados: BDENF, LILACS, MEDLINE e SCIELO. Na formulação da estratégia de busca foram utilizados os descritores em saúde combinados entre si através dos operadores booleanos AND e OR. Foram encontrados quarenta artigos que após uso de critérios de inclusão e exclusão pré-definidos, permaneceram quatro que compuseram a amostra. A revisão revelou que os cuidados de enfermagem influenciam positivamente na adesão e resultado do tratamento.Descritores: Assistência de Enfermagem, Hiperbilirrubinemia Neonatal, Fototerapia. Nursing care for newborn in phototherapy, what the evidence reveals: integrative reviewAbstract: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a clinical condition characterized by the accumulation of bilirubin in the neonate's organism and can cause serious sequelae when not treated. One of the therapeutic means consists of phototherapy, a treatment that requires specific care to prevent iatrogenesis. Nursing plays an important role in this care, as it remains 24 hours in the follow-up of cases, preventing complications and contributing to the effectiveness of therapy. Therefore, in this study the objective was to investigate, through an integrative literature review, the scientific evidence on nursing care for newborns undergoing phototherapy. For this, the databases were searched: BDENF, LILACS, MEDLINE and SCIELO. In the formulation of the search strategy, health descriptors combined with each other through the Boolean operators AND and OR were used. Forty articles were found that, after using pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, four remained in the sample. The review revealed that nursing care positively influences adherence and treatment results.Descriptors: Nursing Care, Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia, Phototherapy. Cuidado de enfermería para lo recién nacida en fototerapia, lo que revelan la evidencia: revisión integrativaResumen: La hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal es una condición clínica caracterizada por la acumulación de bilirrubina en el organismo del recién nacido y puede causar secuelas graves cuando no se trata. Uno de los medios terapéuticos consiste en la fototerapia, un tratamiento que requiere atención específica para prevenir la iatrogénesis. La enfermería desempeña un papel importante en esta atención, ya que permanece 24 horas en el seguimiento de los casos, previniendo complicaciones y contribuyendo a la efectividad de la terapia. Por lo tanto, en este estudio el objetivo fue investigar, a través de una revisión bibliográfica integradora, la evidencia científica sobre el cuidado de enfermería para los recién nacidos sometidos a fototerapia. Para esto, se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos: BDENF, LILACS, MEDLINE y SCIELO. En la formulación de la estrategia de búsqueda, se utilizaron descriptores de salud combinados entre sí a través de los operadores booleanos AND y OR. Cuarenta artículos se encontraron que, después de utilizar criterios de inclusión y exclusión predefinidos, cuatro permanecieron en la muestra. La revisión reveló que la atención de enfermería influye positivamente en la adherencia y los resultados del tratamiento.Descriptores: Cuidados de Enfermería, Hiperbilirrubinemia Neonatal, Fototerapia.

scholarly journals A First Review to Explore the Association of Air Pollution (PM and NO2) on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Copat ◽  
Antonio Cristaldi ◽  
Maria Fiore ◽  
Alfina Grasso ◽  
Pietro Zuccarello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Incidence Data ◽  
Long Time

A new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) have determined a pneumonia outbreak in China (Wuhan and Hubei) on December 2019. While pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical intervention strategies are strengthened worldwide, the scientific community has been studying the risk factors associated with SARS-Cov-2, to enrich epidemiological information. For a long time, before the industrialized era, air pollution has been a real and big health concern and it is today a very serious environmental risk for many diseases and anticipated deaths in the world. It has long been known that air pollutants increasing the invasiveness of pathogens for humans by acting as a carrier and making people more sensitive to pathogens through a negative influence on the immune system. Based on scientific evidences, the hypothesis that air pollution, resulting from a combination of factors such as meteorological data, level of industrialization as well as regional topography, can acts both as an infection carrier as a harmful factor of the health outcomes of COVID-19 disease has been raised recently. This hypothesis is turning in scientific evidence, thanks to the numerous studies that have been launched all over the world.With this review, we want to provide a first unique view of all the first epidemiological studies relating the association between air pollution and SARS-CoV-2. The Authors, who first investigated this association, although with great effort and rapidity of analysis dictated by a global emergency, often used different research methods or not all include confounding factors whenever possible. In addition, to date incidence data are underestimated in all countries, and to a lesser extent also mortality data. For this reason, the cases included in the considered studies cannot be considered real. Although it determines important limitations for direct comparison of results, and more studies are needed to strengthen scientific evidences and support firm conclusions, major findings are consistent, highlighting the important contribution of PM2.5 and NO2 on the COVID-19 spread and with a less extent also PM10.

scholarly journals B waves: a systematic review of terminology, characteristics, and analysis methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Martinez-Tejada ◽  
Alexander Arum ◽  
Jens E. Wilhjelm ◽  
Marianne Juhler ◽  
Morten Andresen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Systematic Review Protocol ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Wave Characteristics ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Review Protocol

Abstract Background Although B waves were introduced as a concept in the analysis of intracranial pressure (ICP) recordings nearly 60 years ago, there is still a lack consensus on precise definitions, terminology, amplitude, frequency or origin. Several competing terms exist, addressing either their probable physiological origin or their physical characteristics. To better understand B wave characteristics and ease their detection, a literature review was carried out. Methods A systematic review protocol including search strategy and eligibility criteria was prepared in advance. A literature search was carried out using PubMed/MEDLINE, with the following search terms: B waves + review filter, slow waves + review filter, ICP B waves, slow ICP waves, slow vasogenic waves, Lundberg B waves, MOCAIP. Results In total, 19 different terms were found, B waves being the most common. These terminologies appear to be interchangeable and seem to be used indiscriminately, with some papers using more than five different terms. Definitions and etiologies are still unclear, which makes systematic and standardized detection difficult. Conclusions Two future lines of action are available for automating macro-pattern identification in ICP signals: achieving strict agreement on morphological characteristics of “traditional” B waveforms, or starting a new with a fresh computerized approach for recognition of new clinically relevant patterns.

scholarly journals Derivation and validation of a search algorithm to retrospectively identify CRRT initiation in the ECMO patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 596-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramod Guru ◽  
Tarun Singh ◽  
Melissa Passe ◽  
Kianoush Kashani ◽  
Gregory Schears ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Medical Record ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Time Difference ◽  
Initiation Time ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Failure ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Electronic Search

SummaryThe role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in refractory cardiorespiratory failure is gaining momentum with recent advancements in technology. However, the need for dialysis modes such as continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) has also increased in the management for acute kidney injury. Establishing the exact timing of CRRT initiation in these patients from the electronic medical record is vital for automated data extraction for research and quality improvement efforts.We aimed to derive and validate an automated Electronic Health Records (EHR) search strategy for CRRT initiation in patients receiving ECMO.We screened 488 patients who received ECMO and a total of 213 patients underwent CRRT. We evaluated random 120 patients, 60 for derivation and 60 for validation cohorts. Following implementation of eligibility criteria, the algorithm was derived in 55 out of 120 ECMO/CRRT patients. The search algorithm was developed using first-time chart entry of ‘access pressure drop’ at CRRT initiation. The algorithm was then validated in an independent subset of 52 patients from the same time period. The overall agreement between electronic search algorithm and a comprehensive manual medical record review in the derivation and validation subsets, using ‘access pressure drop’ as the reference standard, was compared to assess CRRT initiation time.In the derivation subset (N=55), the automated electronic search strategy achieved an excellent agreement with manual search (D =0.99, 54 were identified electronically, and 55 upon manual review). There was no time difference observed in 49/54(89%) patients, while in the remaining 5 (9%) patients time difference was within 15 minutes. In the validation cohort (N=52), agreement was 100 % (D = 1.0, both methods identified 52 patients). Out of 52 patients, 47 (90%) had no time difference between the methods, for the remaining 5 (10%) patients, differences were within 15 minutes.The use of an electronic search strategy resulted in determining an accurate CRRT initiation time among ECMO patients.

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