The Impact of Vegan Diet in the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review

A protective effect of vegan diets on health outcomes has been observed in previous studies, but its impact on diabetes is still debated. The aim of this review is to assess the relationship between vegan diets and the risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) along with its effect on glycemic control and diabetes-related complications. In accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta–Analyses) guidelines, Pubmed and Cochrane library databases were systematically searched for all relevant studies. Seven observational and eight randomized controlled (RCTs) studies were included. The methodological quality of studies was assessed using the National Institutes of Health quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for RCTs. We found that a vegan diet is associated with lower T2D prevalence or incidence and in T2D patients decreases high glucose values and improves glucose homeostasis, as reported from the majority of included studies. This approach seems to be comparable to other recommended healthful eating models, but as it may have potential adverse effects associated with the long-term exclusion of some nutrients, appropriate nutritional planning and surveillance are recommended, particularly in specific groups of diabetic patients such as frail elderly, adolescents, and pregnant or breastfeeding women.

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Epidural-Related Fever and Maternal and Neonatal Morbidity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Neonatology ◽

10.1159/000504805 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 117 (3) ◽

pp. 259-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sophie Jansen ◽

Enrico Lopriore ◽

Christiana Naaktgeboren ◽

Marieke Sueters ◽

Jacqueline Limpens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Antibiotic Treatment ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Observational Cohort ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

The Impact

Background: While epidural analgesia (EA) is associated with maternal fever during labor, the impact on the risk for maternal and/or neonatal sepsis is unknown. Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effect of epidural-related intrapartum fever on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Methods: OVID MEDLINE, OVID Embase, the Cochrane Library, Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials, and clinical trial registries were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCT) and observational cohort studies from inception to November 2018. A total of 761 studies were identified with 100 eligible for full-text review. Only articles investigating the relationship between EA and maternal fever during labor were eligible for inclusion. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane’s Risk of Bias tool and National Institute of Health Quality Assessment Tool. Two meta-analyses – one each for the RCT and observational cohort groups – were performed using the random-effects model of Mantel-Haenszel to produce summary risk ratios (RR) with 95% CI. Results: Twelve RCTs and 16 observational cohort studies involving 579,157 parturients were included. RRs for maternal fever for the RCT and cohort analyses were 3.54 (95% CI 2.61–4.81) and 5.60 (95% CI 4.50–6.97), respectively. Meta-analyses of RR for maternal infection in both groups were infeasible given few occurrences. Meta-analysis of data from observational studies showed an increased risk for maternal antibiotic treatment in the epidural group (RR 2.60; 95% CI 1.31–5.17). For both analyses, neonates born to women with an epidural were not evaluated more often for suspected sepsis. Neither analysis reported an increased rate of neonatal bacteremia or neonatal antibiotic treatment after EA, although data precluded conclusiveness. Conclusion: EA increases the risk of intrapartum fever and maternal antibiotic treatment. However, a definite conclusion on whether EA increases the risk for a proven maternal and/or neonatal bacteremia cannot be drawn due to the low quality of data. Further research on whether epidural-related intrapartum fever is of infectious origin or not is therefore needed.

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Periphere arterielle Verschlusskrankheit bei Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 und Typ 2: Unterscheiden sich die Risikofaktoren?

VASA ◽

10.1024/0301-1526.31.4.249 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 249-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Zander ◽

Heinke ◽

Reindel ◽

Kohnert ◽

Kairies ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Diabetes Duration ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Impact

Background : Diabetic patients have increased prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). It is not clearly shown whether the prognostic factors are identical in relation to the type of diabetes. This study was done to compare the associations of PAD with risk factors and with micro-and macrovascular complications of inpatients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Methods: In a retrospective cross-sectional study 1087 patients with type 1 diabetes and 1060 patients with type 2 diabetes were examined. PAD was diagnosed when ankle-brachial-pressure-index (ABI) was < 1.0. In cases with incompressible arteries (mediasclerosis) pulse wave formes were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate the impact of different variables on PAD risk , after adjusting for different variables separately. Results: In both types of diabetes (type 1 vs. type 2) PAD risk (odds ratio; OR) was increased in the presence of coronary heart disease (OR 9.3 vs. 3.5), diabetic nephropathy (OR 3.0 vs.2.8), neuropathy (OR 7.9 vs. 1.8), foot ulceration (OR 8.9 vs. 5.5), increased daily insulin requirement > 0.6 m/kg b.w. (OR 5.2 vs. 2.9), diabetes duration of 20–29 years (OR 28.9) and > 30 years (OR 51.1) in type 1 diabetes, and diabetes duration of 10–19 years (OR 3.8) and > 20 years (OR 4.3) in type 2 diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, PAD risk was associated with microalbuminuria (OR 2.1), macroalbuminuria (OR 3.3), background retinopathy (OR 1.9), proliferative retinopathy (OR 2.8), increased triglycerides (TG) (OR 1.7) and decreased HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C > 0.90 mmol/l: OR 0.49). Conclusions: PAD risk factors and micro- and macrovascular comorbidity are very similar in type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

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Association of Pro-inflammatory Diet With Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension; Results From RaNCD Cohort Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-415432/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Samira Arbabi Jam ◽

Shahab Rezaeian ◽

Farid Najafi ◽

Behroz Hamze ◽

Ebrahim Shakiba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Base Line ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Non Communicable Diseases

Abstract Background: Dietary factors and inflammation are associated with most non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) is a developed validated assessment tool. This study was conducted to assessed association of DII with the hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: This cross-sectional analysis was performed on 9,811 participants of 35 to 65 years of the base-line phase data of Ravansar Non-Communicable Diseases (RaNCD) cohort study. The DII was calculated using 31 parameters food of food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The estimates were performed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression.Results: The mean DII scores in healthy participants was -2.32± 1.60, in participant with T2DM, hypertension and both were -2.23± 1.59, -2.45± 1.60 and -2.25± 1.60, respectively (P= 0.011). Pre-inflammatory diet was significantly higher in male compared to female (P<0.001). In the most pro-inflammatory diet was significantly higher BMI (body mass index), triglyceride, energy intake, smokers; and was significantly lower socio-economic status (SES), physical activity and HDL-C compared to the most anti-inflammatory diet. Participants with T2DM, hypertension and comorbidity had a significantly higher mean of anthropometry indices (P<0.001) and lipid profile compared to healthy subjects (P<0.001). After adjustment for age, sex and physical activity, the odds of T2DM in the fourth quartile of DII was 1.48 (95% CI: 1.19, 1.85) times higher compared to the first quartile of DII. Conclusions: Pro-inflammatory diet was weak associations with hypertension. Pro-inflammatory diet was significant associations with increasing T2DM and its related risk factors. Modification of diet and lifestyle is suggested to reduce inflammation.

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The result of treadmill test in asymptomatic type 2 diabetes mellitus

International Journal of Scientific Reports ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20172508 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. 166 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anil Shrinivasrao Joshi ◽

Chandrakant Gunaji Lahane ◽

Akshay Arvind Kashid

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Early Detection ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Duration Of Diabetes ◽

Asymptomatic Patients ◽

Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality

Background: To study the prevalence of silent myocardial ischaemia in asymptomatic patients with type 2 DM.Methods: The present study was conducted in the Govt. Medical College and Hospital Aurangabad. During December 2012 to November 2014 with 50 patients. It was two year cross sectional study with the patients of asymptomatic type 2 diabetes mellitus without clinical and electrocardiographic evidence of coronary artery disease. Results: 12 (24%) out of 50 subjects had positive TMT. It correlated with years of duration of diabetes (9 positive TMT cases with duration of diabetes more than 10 years). 5 (25%) out of 20 had serum cholesterol levels >240, Number of positive TMT were higher in patients with LDL >160 [5 (25%) out of 20].Conclusions: Diabetic patients are at very high risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Early detection of IHD is very important so that pharmacological therapy, which may improve outcome, can be established. Tread mill exercise TMT being a non-invasive test with high safety, has an important role in early detection of IHD. It is recommended that TMT should be a part of routine management in asymptomatic patients with type II DM.

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INSULIN RESISTANCE IN OFFSPRINGS OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND NON DIABETIC PATIENTS, A ONE YEAR CROSS SECTIONAL HOSPITAL BASED STUDY

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences ◽

10.14260/jemds/1381 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (41) ◽

pp. 7827-7833

Author(s):

Arathi Darshan ◽

Vikas Patil ◽

Yeshvant G

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

One Year

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IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF PREDIABETES-A RURAL INDIAN STUDY (A CORRELATIVE STUDY BETWEEN QUESTIONNAIRE AND BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS)

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2020v12i8.38182 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 36-40

Author(s):

VENKATESAN S. ◽

SUSILA S. ◽

SUTHANTHIRAN S. ◽

MADHUSUDHAN S. ◽

PAARI N.

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Score ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Screening Tool ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Family History Of Diabetes

Objective: To identify and prevent the vulnerable prediabetic population becoming diabetic patients in the future using the Indian Diabetic Risk Score (IDRS) and to evaluate the performance of the IDRS questionnaire for detecting prediabetes and predicting the risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Chidambaram rural Indian population. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among patients attending a master health check-up of RMMCH hospital located at Chidambaram. The IDRS was calculated by using four simple measures of age, family history of diabetes, physical activity, and waist measurement. The relevant blood test, like Fasting plasma glucose (FBS), Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) test, were observed for identifying prediabetes. Subjects were classified as Normoglycemic, prediabetics, and diabetics based on the questionnaire and diagnostic criteria of the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) guidelines. Results: In the study, sensitivity and specificity of IDRS score were found to be 84.21% and 63.4% respectively for detecting prediabetes in community with the positive predictive value of 51.6% and negative predictive value of 89.6% and prevalence of prediabetes in the Chidambaram rural population is 31.6% among the 60 participants. Conclusion: The Indian diabetic risk score questionnaire designed by Madras diabetic research federation is a useful screening tool to identify unknown type 2 diabetes mellitus. The questionnaire is a reliable, valuable, and easy to use screening tool which can be used in a primary care setup.

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A Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Resveratrol Supplementation on Markers of Renal Function and Blood Pressure in Type 2 Diabetic Patients on Hypoglycemic Therapy

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25235645 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (23) ◽

pp. 5645

Author(s):

Tawanda M. Nyambuya ◽

Bongani B. Nkambule ◽

Sithandiwe E. Mazibuko-Mbeje ◽

Vuyolwethu Mxinwa ◽

Kabelo Mokgalaboni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Renal Function ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Total Protein Content ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Hypoglycemic Therapy ◽

The Impact

Evidence on the beneficial effects of resveratrol supplementation on cardiovascular disease-related profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is conflicting, while its impact on renal function and blood pressure measurements remains to be established in these patients. The current meta-analysis included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting on the impact of resveratrol supplementation on markers of renal function and blood pressure in patients with T2D on hypoglycemic medication. Electronic databases such as MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and EMBASE were searched for eligible studies from inception up to June 2020. The random and fixed effects model was used in the meta-analysis. A total of five RCTs met the inclusion criteria and involved 388 participants with T2D. Notably, most of the participants were on metformin therapy, or metformin in combination with other hypoglycemic drugs such as insulin and glibenclamide. Pooled estimates showed that resveratrol supplementation in patients with T2D lowered the levels of fasting glucose (SMD: −0.06 [95% CI: −0.24, 0.12]; I2 = 4%, p = 0.39) and insulin (SMD: −0.08 [95% CI: −0.50, 0.34], I2 = 73%, p = 0.002) when compared to those on placebo. In addition, supplementation significantly lowered systolic blood pressure (SMD: −5.77 [95% CI: −8.61, −2.93], I2 = 66%, p = 0.02) in these patients. Although resveratrol supplementation did not affect creatinine or urea levels, it reduced the total protein content (SMD: −0.19 [95% CI: −0.36, −0.02]; I2 = 91%, p = 0.001). In all, resveratrol supplementation in hypoglycemic therapy improves glucose control and lowers blood pressure; however, additional evidence is necessary to confirm its effect on renal function in patients with T2D.

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Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0145 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

pp. 265-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

José Cláudio Garcia Lira Neto ◽

Mayra de Almeida Xavier ◽

José Wicto Pereira Borges ◽

Márcio Flávio Moura de Araújo ◽

Marta Maria Coelho Damasceno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and its components in a population of patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Method: a cross-sectional study was conducted with 201 diabetic patients. A descriptive analysis and Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests ( p <0.05) were performed. Results: the majority of participants were females and overweight, with a mean age of 63.1 years and a low level of education, and categorized as physically inactive. Of all individuals investigated, 50.7% were diagnosed with Metabolic Syndrome and 92% had at least one of the syndrome components with values beyond those recommended. Conclusion: it is essential to take preventive actions and develop studies that help to identify the factors associated with this syndrome.

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The Effect of Renal Dysfunction on Circulating Sclerostin Level in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2014/715908 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Se Hwa Kim ◽

Soo Young Yoon ◽

Sung-Kil Lim ◽

Yumie Rhee

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Renal Function ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Renal Dysfunction ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sclerostin Level

Objective. Sclerostin is a Wnt inhibitor produced specifically by osteocytes. However, it is not currently clear whether renal dysfunction has an effect on circulating sclerostin level in patients with type 2 diabetes. The aim of the study was to evaluate this relationship. Design and Patients. We conducted a cross-sectional observational study of 302 type 2 diabetic patients with or without chronic kidney disease. Serum sclerostin level was analyzed by ELISA, and renal function was assessed by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. Results. There was a strong correlation between sclerostin level with renal function presented as serum creatinine (r=0.745, P<0.001) and eGFR (r=-0.590, P<0.001). Serum sclerostin level was significantly higher in patients with CKD-G3 stage than those with CKD-G1/2 stages after adjusting for age, sex, and BMI (P=0.011). Patients with CKD-G4/5 stages had dramatically increased level of circulating sclerostin. Multiple regression analyses found that age, sex, and eGFR were independent determining factors for circulating sclerostin level. Conclusion. Our data showed that serum sclerostin levels start to increase in diabetic patients with CKD-G3 stage. Further studies are needed to establish the potential role of elevated sclerostin in diabetic patients with CKD.

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Rate of glycemic control and associated factors among type two diabetes mellitus patients in Ethiopia: A cross sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0251506 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. e0251506

Author(s):

Shambel Nigussie ◽

Nigussie Birhan ◽

Firehiwot Amare ◽

Getnet Mengistu ◽

Fuad Adem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Poor Glycemic Control ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

Objective To assess the rate of glycemic control and associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Dilchora Referral Hospital, Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from 13 May to 16 August 2019. Type 2 diabetic patients on follow up at Dilchora Referral Hospital who fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the study were included. Systematic random sampling was used to select study participants. Data was collected by a face-to-face interview and review of medical records. The primary outcome was the level of blood glucose during three consecutive visits. Poor glycemic control was defined as a blood sugar level of more than 154 mg/dL based on the average of measurements from three consecutive visits. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify determinants of glycemic control. Result A total of 394 participants responded to the interview and were included in the final analysis. The overall prevalence of poor glycemic control was 45.2% (95%CI: 40.6%-50.0%). Patients who were on oral anti-diabetic drug plus insulin had more than two times greater chance of poor glycemic control than patients on oral anti-diabetic drug alone: 2.177(95%CI:1.10–4.29). The odds of poor glycemic control in patients who did not understand the pharmacist’s instructions was two times higher than patients with good understanding of instructions 1.86(95%CI: 1.10–3.13). Patients who had poor level of practice were found to have poor glycemic control: 1.69(95% CI: 1.13–2.55). Conclusion The overall prevalence of poor glycemic control was high among type 2 diabetes patients. Oral anti-diabetic drugs in combination with insulin, lack of understanding of pharmacist’s advice, and poor practice of diabetic patients were significant factors of poor glycemic control. Pharmacists should reassure the understanding of patients before discharge during counseling. Optimization of the dose of antidiabetic medications and combination of oral hypoglycemic agents should be considered.

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