Urinary Tartaric Acid, a Biomarker of Wine Intake, Correlates with Lower Total and LDL Cholesterol

Postmenopausal women are at higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases due to changes in lipid profile and body fat, among others. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of urinary tartaric acid, a biomarker of wine consumption, with anthropometric (weight, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-height ratio), blood pressure, and biochemical variables (blood glucose and lipid profile) that may be affected during the menopausal transition. This sub-study of the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) trial included a sample of 230 women aged 60–80 years with high cardiovascular risk at baseline. Urine samples were diluted and filtered, and tartaric acid was analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Correlations between tartaric acid and the study variables were adjusted for age, education level, smoking status, physical activity, BMI, cholesterol-lowering, antihypertensive, and insulin treatment, total energy intake, and consumption of fruits, vegetables, and raisins. A strong association was observed between wine consumption and urinary tartaric acid (0.01 μg/mg (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.01, 0.01), p-value < 0.001). Total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were inversely correlated with urinary tartaric acid (−3.13 μg/mg (−5.54, −0.71), p-value = 0.016 and −3.03 μg/mg (−5.62, −0.42), p-value = 0.027, respectively), whereas other biochemical and anthropometric variables were unrelated. The results suggest that wine consumption may have a positive effect on cardiovascular health in postmenopausal women, underpinning its nutraceutical properties.

Download Full-text

A Comparative Study of Lipid Profile in Obese and Nonobese Men attending Master Health Checkup

Indian Journal of Medical Biochemistry ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10054-0024 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 73-75

Author(s):

S Vinod Babu ◽

Anusha R Jagadeesan ◽

Jothimalar Ramalingam

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

P Value ◽

Health Checkup ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Introduction Obesity is emerging as an epidemic worldwide. Obesity is associated with a number of comorbid conditions, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cancer, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular abnormalities, anemia, obstructive sleep apnea, and psychosocial abnormalities. Aim This study aims at comparing the lipid profile levels of obese and nonobese men. Materials and methods This was a case—control study conducted at a tertiary care center. Totally, 80 men in the age group of 20 to 47 years attending the master health checkup were included in the study, out of which 40 men with normal body mass index (BMI) of 18 to 25 belonged to group I and 40 men with increased BMI of 30 and above belonged to group II. Lipid profile parameters, such as triglycerides (TGLs), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were estimated in them. The data were statistically analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 15.0. Results Statistically significant difference was found in the total cholesterol levels with a p-value of 0.040 while the difference in LDL cholesterol was statistically highly significant with a p-value of 0.040. Conclusion Among lipid profile parameters, only total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol showed significant difference between the obese and nonobese individuals. However, the other parameters like HDL cholesterol and TGLs did not show any significant difference. How to cite this article Babu SV, Jagadeesan AR, Ramalingam J. A Comparative Study of Lipid Profile in Obese and Nonobese Men attending Master Health Checkup. Indian J Med Biochem 2017;21(2):73-75.

Download Full-text

Assessment of Plasma Lipid Profile among Sudanese Menopausal Women in Khartoum state-Sudan

Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal ◽

10.13005/bpj/1836 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (04) ◽

pp. 2037-2041

Author(s):

Alneil Hamza ◽

Moadah Abbas ◽

Elyasa Elfaki ◽

Mariam Ibrahim ◽

Ezeldine K Abdalhabib ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Plasma Lipid ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

P Value ◽

Time Duration ◽

Study Results

Postmenopausal women tend to have significant changes in lipid profile when compared with premenopausal women. Incidence of cardiovascular disease after menopause believed to occur due to changes in the plasma lipid levels. This study was conducted to estimate and compare serum levels of total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides(TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) among Sudanese pre and postmenopausal women. 94 participant women were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. 47 post-menopause women age 48 - 70 years and 47 pre-menopause women age 25-47 years. Estimation of serum lipid profile was carried out using Biosystems colorimetric methods and results statistics were computed by using SPSS. A significant increase in total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride, and LDL-c with a significant decrease in (HDL-c) level among postmenopausal women where found, when compared with pre-menopause women (P-value= <0.05). Total cholesterol and LDL-C level were observed significantly increased according to three interval time duration of menopausal onset (p=0.009 and p=0.034). A positive correlation was observed between the age of and total cholesterol levels in postmenopausal women (R=0.463, P-value =0.001). Study results revealed that postmenopausal status was associated with substantial changes in lipid profile that considered risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Sudanese women.

Download Full-text

Role of Helicobacter Pylori Infection on Diabetic and Lipid Profile in Pre-diabetic Patients

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2021/46841.14635 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Akash Chaudhary ◽

Abdullah Ansari

Keyword(s):

Lipid Profile ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

P Value ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Peptic Ulcers ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

Introduction:Helicobacter Pylori (H.pylori) infection is related to gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric cancers and Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue lymphomas (MALT). It is also associated with several extra-gastrointestinal pathologies owing to its association with increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, bacterial virulence factors and environmental factors. It may have an effect on onset of diabetes mellitus and alter lipid profile. Aim: To find the effect of H.pylori infection on diabetic and lipid profile in pre-diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: A single centre, cross-sectional study was conducted over a period from January 2019 to June 2020, on pre-diabetic patients (HbA1c 5.7-6.4%.). A total of 118 patients were recruited in the study and divided into two groups based on the H.pylori positive (group A) and negative (group B) results. HbA1c, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) were investigated at baseline, six months and 12 months and the results of the two groups were compared using student’s t-test. Supply Support Planning and Execution (SSPE) Software version 20.0 were used for analysis of the collected data. A p-value<0.05 to be considered significant. Results: Of the 118 patients, 96 (mean age 48.3 years) completed the study. There 59 (61.5%) were males and 37 (38.5%) were females. A total of 54 (56%) of the study population tested positive for the H.pylori colonisation. The study showed that patients infected with H.pylori (group A) had comparative rapid increase in the HbA1c levels (p-value=0.048) when compared with the non-infective group (group B). The group A also had statistically significant increase in the LDL cholesterol levels (p-value=0.032) and decrease in HDL cholesterol levels (p-value=0.02) than group B. Conclusion: Infection with H.pylori is associated with increase in the level of HbA1c in pre-diabetics. It is also associated with increase in the LDL cholesterol levels and decrease in the HDL cholesterol levels. Eradication of the pathogen may help in preventing or delaying the progression of pre-diabetes and dyslipidemia. However, larger studies without any confounding factors are needed to establish the association between H.pyloriinfection and its effect on diabetic and lipid profile.

Download Full-text

Correlation of Direct LDL Versus Friedewald’s, Modified Friedewald’s and Anandraja’s Formula for Estimating LDL Cholesterol Levels along with LDH and Troponin I in Coronary Artery Disease Patients

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research ◽

10.47583/ijpsrr.2021.v69i02.018 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Barla Krishna ◽

P.S.P. Tejaswi ◽

Dr. N. Rama Krishna ◽

Dr. Priya K. Dhas ◽

Dr. K. Sathya Sree ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Profile ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Troponin I ◽

Direct Method ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Mean Value ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Friedewald Formula

The objective of the study is to compare the Friedewald formula, Modified Friedewald formula, and Anandaraja formula with direct homogeneous assay for low- density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in CAD patients. Study Design is Cross-sectional study. Healthy subjects of both the gender, aged 18 - 75 years were included in this study. Lipid profile, LDH and Troponin I of both the controls and patients sample were collected from OPD of Central Hospital laboratory of Gayatri Vidhya Parishad Institute of Health Care and Medical Technology, Visakhapatnam. LDL-C estimation was done by direct homogenous assay and also calculated by using the Friedewald’s Formula, Modified Friedewald’s Formula and Anandaraja’s Formula for assessing and validity of the LDL cholesterol. LDH were measured kinetically UV method by Chem Ultra reagent system Pack and Cardiac Troponin I by JusCheck Rapid card test. One hundred samples were analyzed in this study, Out of that 50 are Known CAD patient samples and 50 are controls. The comparison of Lipid profile of Variable versus group. The P value also > 0.05 statistically significant. The Mean value for LDH in Case (Patients) is 486.2, whereas for control, it was 328.3. It shows highly significant for this parameter. The association between Case (Patients) and Control for Troponin I was highly significant in this study. In our study, we conclude that, modified friedewald’s formula was closure to the direct method. The performance of calculated methods was not uniform at different TG levels. Even though, Modified Friedewald’s formula is closure to Direct LDL, For laboratory setup, Novel and Innovative direct homogeneous assays are most reliable and accurate for the analysis of LDL cholesterol.

Download Full-text

Particles and corrected particles of LDL and non-HDL are stronger predicters of coronary lesion in postmenopausal women

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12872-021-02189-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chuang Li ◽

Jingxun Chen ◽

Siyue Wei ◽

Mei Zhang ◽

Yushun Chu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Apolipoprotein B ◽

Operating Characteristic ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Spearman Correlation ◽

Coronary Lesion

Abstract Background The optimum lipid indexes, predicting the coronary lesion in postmenopausal women are not clear. Objective To evaluate the optimum lipid predicter for coronary lesion in routine and advanced lipid tests. Method 300 postmenopausal women were enrolled and assigned into coronary heart disease (CHD) Group (242), and non-CHD Group (58). Routine and advanced lipid indexes were measured with standard laboratory test and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The correlation and predictivities for CHD of routine and advanced lipid indexes were performed with Logistic regression, Spearman correlation analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC). Results Age (hazard ratio (HR) 2.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–5.86, P = 0.03), apolipoprotein B (ApoB) (HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.15–1.59, P < 0.001), corrected particles of low-density lipoprotein (LDL-p-corr) (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.03–1.06, P < 0.001) and corrected particles of non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL-p-corr) (HR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01–1.03, P < 0.001) were the risk factors of CHD. LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), LDL-p, LDL-p-corr, HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-C), non-HDL-p and non-HDL-p-corr were in linear correlation with Gensini score. Advanced lipid indexes LDL-p (area under curve (AUC) = 0.750, P = 0.02), LDL-p-corr (AUC = 0.759, P = 0.02), non-HDL-p (AUC = 0.693, P = 0.03) and non-HDL-p-corr (AUC = 0.699, P = 0.03) were more predictive for CHD than the routine ones (LDL-C and non-HDL-C). Conclusion In postmenopausal women, age, ApoB, LDL-p-corr and non-HDL-p-corr were risk factors of CHD. Compared with traditional lipid items, LDL-p, LDL-p-corr, non-HDL-p and non-HDL-p-corr may be better lipid indexes for CHD in postmenopausal women.

Download Full-text

Anthropometric indices are associated with LDL cholesterol in postmenopausal Javanese women

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.3329/bjms.v13i2.18293 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 124-127

Author(s):

Syaefudin Ali Akhmad

Keyword(s):

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Total Cholesterol Level ◽

Lipid Level ◽

Medical Science ◽

Positive Association ◽

Abdominal Circumference ◽

P Value ◽

Anthropometric Indices ◽

Significant Positive Association

Introduction: Lipid abnormalities are seen to be linked lack of physical activity, obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus. Postmenopausal women experience the changes of body composition by increasing the visceral fat. The study was aimed to explore relationship between anthropometric indices and lipid level in postmenopausal Javanese women. Methods: This cross sectional study included 34 healthy postmenopausal Javanese women, age range between 46-59 years, from Dusun Trukan, Karanggede dan Marangan Prambanan subdistrict, Sleman district. Anthropometric measurements were carried following standard procedure. Appropriate statistical tools were used to analyze data using SPSS Version 17. A p value <0.05 was taken as level of significance. Results: Abdominal circumference showed significant positive association with LDL level (r=0.289, p=0.049) but not with triglyceride, HDL level and total cholesterol level. BMI also showed significant positive association with LDL level (r=0.336, p=0.026) but not with other variables. Conclusion: The data concluded that abdominal circumference and BMI are positively association with LDL cholesterol but not with other components of the lipid profile in Javanese postmenopausal women. Further studies, however, needed to warranted to understand the causal relationship involving large number of subjects multiple centres. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i2.18293 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.13(2) 2014 p.124-127

Download Full-text

Study of gallbladder lesions and its relationship with serum lipid profile

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20183902 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 1245

Author(s):

Sushama Bhatta ◽

Samir Singh

Keyword(s):

Lipid Profile ◽

Serum Lipid ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Chronic Cholecystitis ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Serum Lipid Profile ◽

P Value ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Histopathological Lesion

Background: Gallbladder disease is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases. Various studies have shown association between gallstone and alteration in serum lipids. The objective of this study was to evaluate histological patterns of cholecystectomy specimens and compare serum lipid profile of gallstone patients with controls.Methods: This study was conducted over a period of two years (April 2016 to April 2018). Records of 287 specimens who underwent cholecystectomy were analysed in which gallstones were found only in 186 patients. Out of 186 patients with gallstones, records of serum lipid profile were available in 32 patients which were compared with 32 control of similar age. Independent t- test was used to compare the data between cases and control.Results: Out of 287 cases, 68 were male and 219 were female with male to female ratio of 1:3.2. The predominant histopathological lesion was chronic cholecystitis (73.17%). Malignancy was observed in 0.7% cases. Serum total cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were found to be higher and statistically significant in patients with gallstone compared to controls (p value 0.024, <0.001and 0.016 respectively). Serum High density lipoprotein cholesterol was lower in gallstone patient than in control but not statistically significant (p value 0.23).Conclusions: Chronic cholecystitis was the most common histopathological lesion. Serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol level were elevated and statistically significant in patients with gallstone.

Download Full-text

Correlation between vitamin D and lipid profile in multiple sclerosis patients

QJM ◽

10.1093/qjmed/hcab102.013 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Azza AbdelNaser AbdelAziz ◽

Prof Dr. Rasha Mamdouh Saleh ◽

Mahmoud Saad Swelam ◽

Janet Masoud Ayad

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Disease Activity ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

P Value ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

The Mean ◽

Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Abstract Background Studies have suggested that vitamin D and lipid profile have been linked to the etiology of multiple sclerosis and have an impact on the activity and progression of the disease. Objectives The aim of the present study was to determine correlation between vitamin D level and lipid profile in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and their effect on disease activity and progression for better management and control of risk factors. Patients and Methods It is a cross-sectional hospital based study carried on clinically definite 111 Relapsing Remitting MS (RRMS) patients according to McDonald criteria 2010 recruited from Multiple sclerosis unit at Ain Shams University Hospitals, both genders included and aged from 18 to 50 years old. All subjects were assessed regarding their basic demographic data, serum vitamin D level and lipid profile and correlated these data with their state of disease activity and degree of disability. Results The mean level of serum vitamin D was 18.93 ± 9.85 ng/mL. Serum vitamin D level was insufficient (< 30 ng/mL) in 81.08% of patients and sufficient (≥ 30 ng/mL) in 18.92% of patients. The mean level of total cholesterol (TC) was 204.9 ± 50.9 mg/dL, of tri-glycerides (TG) was 105.4 ± 44.6 mg/dL, of low density lipoprotein (LDL) was 122.2 ± 38.8 mg/dL and of high density lipoprotein (HDL) level was 56.2 ± 16.6 mg/dL. High relapse frequency was found to be significantly related to low serum vitamin D level with P-value 0.005. Near all lipid related variables were positively correlated to disease duration. TC and TG were positively related to EDSS while HDL was negatively related with it. Number of brain T2 lesions was significantly correlated with TC and TG levels with P-value 0.001 and 0.002 respectively. Fingolimod was found to be associated with dyslipidemia. We found that each 1 ng/mL increase in vitamin D was associated with decrease in TC of 1.48 mg/dL (95% CI: -2.42 to -0.54, P-value 0.002) and increase in HDL of 0.35 mg/dL (95% CI: 0.04 to -0.66, P-value 0.028). Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency is predominant among Egyptian MS patients. Patients with insufficient vitamin D were found to have higher annualized relapse rate (ARR). Patients with dyslipidemia found to have longer duration, more disability and higher brain T2 lesion load. Vitamin D was correlated positively with HDL and negatively with TC.

Download Full-text

Amaranth Oil Increases Total and LDL Cholesterol Levels without Influencing Early Markers of Atherosclerosis in an Overweight and Obese Population: A Randomized Double-Blind Cross-Over Study in Comparison with Rapeseed Oil Supplementation

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11123069 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 3069

Author(s):

Monika Dus-Zuchowska ◽

Jaroslaw Walkowiak ◽

Anna Morawska ◽

Patrycja Krzyzanowska-Jankowska ◽

Anna Miskiewicz-Chotnicka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Profile ◽

Rapeseed Oil ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

Double Blind ◽

Early Markers ◽

Amaranth Oil ◽

Overweight Subjects

Background: Atherosclerosis (AT) is a chronic inflammatory process in which oxidative stress is the key event. Amaranth oil (AmO) has potential hypolipidemic and antiatherogenic effects. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of AmO and rapeseed oil (RaO) supplementation on expression of early markers of AT and lipid profile in obese or overweight subjects. Methods: A randomized, double-blinded cross-over study was conducted, in which participants took 20 mL of AmO in the first arm and 20 mL RaO in the second arm, switching after the washout period. Serum concentrations of adhesion molecules (sP-selectin, sVCAM-1), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and lipid profile were assessed before and after nutritional interventions. In addition, anthropometric parameters were measured. Results: The total (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations increased significantly in the AmO group in comparison with RaO (ΔTC 5.52 ± 35 vs. −8.43 ± 17.65 mg/dL; p = 0.002 and 4.43 ± 34.96 vs. −7.55 ± 16.41 mg/dL; p = 0.002, respectively). There were no significant differences in other parameters analyzed between the groups. Conclusion: The use of AmO instead of RaO may increase cardiovascular risk in obese and overweight subjects.

Download Full-text

Comparison of the Postprandial Metabolic Fate of U- 13 C Stearic Acid and U- 13 C Oleic Acid in Postmenopausal Women

Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology ◽

10.1161/atvbaha.120.315260 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 40 (12) ◽

pp. 2953-2964

Author(s):

Jose Rodríguez-Morató ◽

Jean Galluccio ◽

Gregory G. Dolnikowski ◽

Alice H. Lichtenstein ◽

Nirupa R. Matthan

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Oxidation Rate ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Plasma Metabolites ◽

Acid Oxidation ◽

Oxidation Rates

Objective: Compare the postprandial fatty acid metabolism of isotopically labeled stearate (U- 13 C18:0) and oleate (U- 13 C18:1). Approach and Results: In conjunction with a randomized-controlled crossover trial, 6 hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women (≥50 years; body mass index: 25.6±3.0 kg/m 2 ; LDL [low-density lipoprotein]-cholesterol ≥110 mg/dL) consumed isocaloric diets enriched in 18:0 or 18:1 (10%–15% E) for 5 weeks each. On day 1 of week 5, following a 12-hour fast, participants receive their experimental diet divided into 13 hourly meals beginning at 8 am . U- 13 C18:0 or U- 13 C18:1 was incorporated into the 1:00 pm meal (1.0 mg/kg body weight). Serial blood and breath samples were collected over 12 hours and fasting samples at 24 and 48 hours. Plasma and lipid subfraction fatty acid profiles were assessed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector, isotope-enrichment by liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and fatty acid oxidation rate (expired 13 CO 2 ) by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Both diets resulted in similar plasma LDL-cholesterol concentrations. Kinetic curves showed that U- 13 C18:0 had a higher plasma area under the curve (66%), lower plasma clearance rate (−46%), and a lower cumulative oxidation rate (−34%) than U- 13 C18:1. Three labeled plasma metabolites of U- 13 C18:0 were detected: 13 C16:0, 13 C16:1, and 13 C18:1. No plasma metabolites of U- 13 C18:1 were detected within the study time-frame. Higher incorporation of 18:0 in cholesteryl ester and triglyceride fractions was observed on the 18:0 compared with the 18:1 diet. Conclusions: The neutrality of 18:0 on plasma LDL-cholesterol concentrations is not attributable to a single factor. Compared with 18:1, 18:0 had higher plasma area under the curve because of lower clearance and oxidation rates, underwent both a direct and a multistage conversion to 18:1, and was preferentially incorporated into cholesteryl esters and triglycerides.

Download Full-text