scholarly journals Yerba Mate—A Long but Current History

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3706
Author(s):  
Anna Gawron-Gzella ◽  
Justyna Chanaj-Kaczmarek ◽  
Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
Keyword(s):  
Safety Margin ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Clinical Activity ◽  
Yerba Mate ◽  
Valuable Component ◽  
Purine Alkaloids ◽  
Species Characteristics ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Bearing in mind the growing interest in Yerba Mate, a comprehensive study has been prepared containing the most important aspects and possibilities of its use. The introduction of the work contains the species characteristics of Yerba Mate, as well as information about the origin and places of cultivation. The next part focuses on the analysis of the composition, pointing to purine alkaloids, polyphenols, saponins, and minerals as groups of active compounds responsible for the clinical activity of Yerba Mate. The review of the results of preclinical and clinical studies indicates activity in relation to the stimulating effect, reducing weight by stimulating lipolysis, cardioprotective, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory effects. The information about the action of Yerba Mate is supplemented by the characteristics of its potential toxicity in terms of PAHs content (in particular benzo[α]pyrene) and preparation as a determinant of increased irritation. The current data on the effects of Yerba Mate and the wide safety margin of its use position this raw material as a valuable component of functional food. The growing frequency of consuming Yerba Mate, conditioned by the availability resulting from the globalization of the market and the information provided about it’s the pro-health effects, will position Yerba Mate's popularity among wider population groups.

Material Properties and Design Aspects of Folding Bicycle Frame

2011 ◽  
Vol 264-265 ◽  
pp. 777-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Maleque ◽  
M.S. Hossain ◽  
S. Dyuti
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Materials Properties ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Bicycle Frame ◽  
Successful Design ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Comprehensive Study

successful design of folding bicycle should take into account the function, material properties, and fabrication process. There are some other factors that should be considered in anticipating the behavior of materials for folding bicycle. In order to understand the relationship between material properties and design of a folding bicycle and also for the future direction in new materials with new design, a comprehensive study on the design under different conditions are essential. Therefore, a systematic study on the relationship between material properties and design for folding bicycle has been performed. The advantages and disadvantages matrix between conventional bicycle and folding bicycle is presented for better understanding of the materials properties and design. It was found that the materials properties of the folding bicycle frame such as fatigue and tensile strength are the important properties for the better performance of the frame. The relationship between materials properties and design is not straight forward because the behavior of the material in the finished product could be different from that of the raw material. The swing hinge technique could be a better technique in the design for the folding bicycle frame.

scholarly journals Effect of fermentation time on the content of bioactive compounds with cosmetic and dermatological properties in Kombucha Yerba Mate extracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Ziemlewska ◽  
Zofia Nizioł-Łukaszewska ◽  
Tomasz Bujak ◽  
Martyna Zagórska-Dziok ◽  
Magdalena Wójciak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Fibroblast Cell ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Yerba Mate ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Active Chemical ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Fibroblast Cell Lines

AbstractKombucha is a beverage made by fermenting sugared tea using a symbiotic culture of bacteria belonging to the genus Acetobacter, Gluconobacter, and the yeasts of the genus Saccharomyces along with glucuronic acid, which has health-promoting properties. The paper presents the evaluation of ferments as a potential cosmetic raw material obtained from Yerba Mate after different fermentation times with the addition of Kombucha. Fermented and unfermented extracts were compared in terms of chemical composition and biological activity. The antioxidant potential of obtained ferments was analyzed by evaluating the scavenging of external and intracellular free radicals. Cytotoxicity was determined on keratinocyte and fibroblast cell lines, resulting in significant increase in cell viability for the ferments. The ferments, especially after 14 and 21 days of fermentation showed strong ability to inhibit (about 40% for F21) the activity of lipoxygenase, collagenase and elastase enzymes and long‐lasting hydration after their application on the skin. Moreover, active chemical compounds, including phenolic acids, xanthines and flavonoids were identified by HPLC/ESI–MS. The results showed that both the analyzed Yerba Mate extract and the ferments obtained with Kombucha may be valuable ingredients in cosmetic products.

Synthesis of NPK fertilizer from low-grade phosphate raw material

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anar Kareeva ◽  
Uilesbek Besterekov ◽  
Perizat Abdurazova ◽  
Ulzhalgas Nazarbek ◽  
Irina Pochitalkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Graphical Method ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Phosphate Raw Material ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Abstract The article presents the results of studies of the process of obtaining NPK fertilizer from low-grade phosphate raw materials with P2O5 of about 18%. Phosphate raw materials were leached with a mixture of nitric-phosphoric acids with the addition of potassium carbonate, which serves as a source of potassium in the final product. The main parameters determined were the content of the main nutrients P2O5:N:K2O, temperature and time of the leaching process. According to the graphical method, the “apparent” activation energy of the heterogeneous process is found, which is equal to 3.8 kJ/mol indicates the intradiffusion nature of the process. Methods of chemical analysis, scanning electron microscopy and XRD analysis were used for a comprehensive study of raw materials and final products.

A comprehensive study of waste coconut shell aggregate as raw material in concrete

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radha Tomar ◽  
Kamal Kishore ◽  
Hemant Singh Parihar ◽  
Nakul Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Comprehensive Study

scholarly journals Research Progress of Radiolabeled Asn-Gly-Arg (NGR) Peptides for Imaging and Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 153601212093495
Author(s):  
Liqin Zhu ◽  
Zhikai Ding ◽  
Xingliang Li ◽  
Hongyuan Wei ◽  
Yue Chen
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Tumor Vasculature ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Vascular Targeting ◽  
Molecular Scaffolds ◽  
Radiolabeled Peptides ◽  
Successful Approach ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Toxic Reactions

Asn-Gly-Arg (NGR) motifs have vasculature-homing properties via interactions with the aminopeptidase N (CD13) expressed on tumor neovasculature. Numerous NGR peptides with different molecular scaffolds have been exploited for targeted delivery of different compounds for imaging and therapy. When conjugated with NGR, complexes recognize the CD13 receptor expressed on the tumor vasculature, which improves the specificity to tumor and avoids systematic toxic reactions. Both preclinical and clinical studies performed with these products suggest that NGR-mediated vascular targeting is an effective strategy for delivering bioactive amounts of cytokines to tumor endothelial cells. For molecular imaging, radiolabeled peptides have been the most successful approach and have been translated into clinic. This review describes current data on radiolabeled tumor vasculature-homing NGR peptides for imaging and therapy.

Phase I study of twice-weekly dosing of the investigational oral proteasome inhibitor MLN9708 in patients (pts) with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma (MM).

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 8017-8017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagar Lonial ◽  
Rachid C. Baz ◽  
Michael Wang ◽  
Moshe Talpaz ◽  
Guohui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Dose Escalation ◽  
Proteasome Inhibitor ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Hydrolysis Product ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Clinical Activity ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Grade 3

8017 Background: MLN9708 is the first oral proteasome inhibitor to enter clinical investigation in MM. This study (NCT00932698) assessed safety, MTD, and response rate with twice-weekly oral MLN9708 in pts with relapsed and/or refractory MM, and characterized plasma pharmacokinetics (PK) and blood pharmacodynamics. Methods: Pts aged ≥18 yrs with measurable MM received MLN9708 on d 1, 4, 8, and 11 of 21-d cycles. In the dose-escalation phase, pts required ≥2 prior therapies (including bortezomib, thalidomide/lenalidomide, and corticosteroids). At the MTD (2.0 mg/m2), pts were enrolled to relapsed and refractory [RR], bortezomib-relapsed [VR], proteasome-inhibitor [PI] naïve, and carfilzomib [CZ] expansion cohorts. Results: 57 pts (53% M) were enrolled, 37 to the expansion cohorts (16 RR, 14 VR, 6 PI naïve, 1 CZ). Median age was 65 yrs (range 50-86). Median number of prior lines of therapy was 4 (range 1-28); 88%, 84%, 61%, and 5% had prior bortezomib, lenalidomide, thalidomide, and carfilzomib, respectively. Pts have received a median of 3 cycles (range 1-24) to date (data cut-off Dec 1, 2011); 7 (12%) have received ≥13 cycles. Drug-related AEs were seen in 89% of pts, including fatigue (46%), thrombocytopenia (40%), and nausea (30%); 63% had drug-related grade ≥3 AEs, including thrombocytopenia (33%), neutropenia (14%), fatigue (9%), and rash (7%). Only 6 (11%) pts had drug-related peripheral neuropathy (PN; no grade ≥3). 7 pts discontinued due to AEs. 2 pts died on study, due to PD and an unrelated cardiac disorder. Of 46 response-evaluable pts, 6 have achieved ≥PR, with 1 sCR (PI naïve cohort) and 5 PRs (2 in dose-escalation, 1 in RR, 2 in VR cohorts), and 1 VR pt has achieved MR, with duration of disease control of up to 18.6 mo. PK analyses showed MLN2238 (biologically active hydrolysis product) has linear plasma PK (0.8-2.23 mg/m2), Tmax of 0.5-1.25 hr, and terminal half-life of 4-6 d. A dose-dependent increase in whole blood 20S proteasome inhibition was observed. Conclusions: Current data suggest MLN9708 has clinical activity in heavily pretreated MM pts, with durable responses/disease control, and is generally well tolerated with infrequent low-grade PN.

Technologies for the Recycling of Polymer Waste at Coking Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
R.R. Gimaletdinov ◽  
M.R. Usmanov ◽  
S.F. Valeev ◽  
F.R. Zainullov ◽  
A.V. Sulimov
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Destruction ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Polymer Waste ◽  
Polymeric Waste ◽  
Inorganic Components ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The results of a comprehensive study of the process of thermal destruction of household waste and industrial polymeric materials in a mixture with petroleum feedstock at a pilot coking unit are presented. A mixture containing polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and polyethylene terephthalate was used as household polymeric waste. Industrial waste was represented by a mixture of polyethylene and polypropylene. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the resulting products was investigated. It is shown that the involvement of polymer waste in an amount of up to 8% by weight in the raw material of the coking plant will make it possible to efficiently process polymer waste without changing the technological regime and quality of the products obtained. It has been established that the impurities of inorganic components present in the polymer raw material do not affect the coking process.

scholarly journals Study of gold-bearing ores material and mineralogical composition in Lower Angara region

2021 ◽  
Vol 2094 (4) ◽  
pp. 042013
Author(s):  
V A Gron ◽  
N V Medved ◽  
A V Galayko ◽  
M S Gron
Keyword(s):  
Practical Interest ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Alkaline Solutions ◽  
Gravity Concentration ◽  
Valuable Component ◽  
Rock Fragments ◽  
Alluvial Gold ◽  
Gold Bearing

Abstract In connection with the involvement in new deposits exploitation, represented by refractory oxidized ores with a fine-dispersed phase and valuable component low content, there have been trends in the processing of this type of raw material. The alluvial gold-bearing sands of Lower Angara region are of practical interest. The results of the material and mineralogical composition of gold-bearing ores made it possible to establish that most rock fragments are quartz-mica schists, which are dilapidated by weathering up to 15% of the sample mass and clay inclusions. Ore by 61.5% is presented with grain size of more than 20 mm. Gold is distributed almost evenly by size class. Basically, gold is found in intergrowths with quartz, mica, pyrite, and clay components. The size of the gold grains ranges from 0.03 to 0.05 mm to several microns. The content of the valuable component was about 3-5%. The result of gravity concentration of the original ores showed the possibility of obtaining gravity concentrates with a metal content of 220-250 g/t, with extraction up to 93-95% and obtaining tailings from 0.3-0.5 g/t, followed by leaching of cyanide and sulfur-alkaline solutions. The extraction of the valuable component into the solution was 80% and 98%, respectively. The results obtained indicate the possibility of processing these types of ores in Lower Angara region.

scholarly journals The role of the lymphatic system in the homeostasis of the interstitial fluid in the lung and pleural liquid

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. I. Lobov
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Current Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Accomplishments in the identifcation of lymphatic endothelial cells and the ability to differentiate them from the endothelial cells of blood vessels have contributed to progress in recent decades in studying the role of the lymphatic system in the body. Preclinical and clinical studies of the last decade have shown that changes in the lymphatic vascular network are observed in almost all lung diseases. At the same time, it remains unclear whether the lymphatic vessels and lung nodes are being part of the overall process of lung remodeling or they make a defnite contribution to the pathogenesis of diseases of the respiratory system. This review presents current data on the morphology and physiology of lymphatic vessels and nodes, their role in the regulation of interstitial fluid homeostasis, lipid transportation and immune responses as well as describes the mechanisms of regulation of the transport function of lymphatic vessels. Data on the role of the lymphatic system of the lungs in the exchange of fluid in the interstitial space of the lungs are presented in the review. The results of studies of the last two decades on the formation and reabsorption of pleural fluid and the role of various lymphatic networks in regulating its volume are described. Finally, modern ideas on the mechanisms of pulmonary edema are outlined and important questions of the lymphatic biology of the respiratory system are identifed, still remaining unanswered today.

Regrowth of Yerba Mate Plants (Ilex paraguariensis A. St. - hill.) Submitted to Dynamized High-dilution Preparations

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Sérgio Domingues ◽  
Simone Silmara Werner ◽  
Mari Inês Carissimi Boff ◽  
Pedro Boff
Keyword(s):  
High Stress ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Yerba Mate ◽  
Calendula Officinalis ◽  
High Dilution ◽  
Arnica Montana

Aims: Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) provides leaves and branches as raw material for medicinal and infused / tea drinks, generate employment and income for small farmers and plays an important role in the conservation of the Atlantic Forest. Harvesting causes high stress as a result of drastic defoliation. High dilution preparations have been indicated for treatment of illnesses, also, they showed a positive effect on plant growth. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the vegetative recovery of yerba mate by using dynamized high-dilution preparations of Arnica montana, Calendula officinalis and Carbo vegetabilis at 12 and 30CH (centesimal hahnemannian), just after formation pruning. Place and Duration of Study: The experimental work was conducted in Fraiburgo, SC, Brazil, from July 2015 to August 2016 in agroforestry system. Study Design:  The statistical design was completely randomized with 22 replicates and 7 treatments. Each plant represented an experimental unit and the treatments were applied by spraying. Methodology: The evaluations started after the first thinning, when number of buds, height and length of regrowth were registered. At 399 days after the first cut, the second cut was performed, and after that, the harvested branches were weighed. Results: Fresh mass weight was higher in plants treated with Arnica montana 30CH (0.2212 kg/plant) and Calendula officinalis 30CH (0.2185 kg/plant) in comparison to Potable water (0.1136 kg/plant). Final plant height was 32 cm higher on plants treated with Calendula officinalis 30 CH. Carbo vegetabilis showed no effects on the regrowth of yerba mate. Conclusion: Therefore, Calendula officinalis 30CH has the potential for use in the recovery of yerba mate plants after harvesting their branches.

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