A comprehensive study of waste coconut shell aggregate as raw material in concrete

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radha Tomar ◽  
Kamal Kishore ◽  
Hemant Singh Parihar ◽  
Nakul Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Material Properties and Design Aspects of Folding Bicycle Frame

2011 ◽  
Vol 264-265 ◽  
pp. 777-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Maleque ◽  
M.S. Hossain ◽  
S. Dyuti
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Materials Properties ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Bicycle Frame ◽  
Successful Design ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Comprehensive Study

successful design of folding bicycle should take into account the function, material properties, and fabrication process. There are some other factors that should be considered in anticipating the behavior of materials for folding bicycle. In order to understand the relationship between material properties and design of a folding bicycle and also for the future direction in new materials with new design, a comprehensive study on the design under different conditions are essential. Therefore, a systematic study on the relationship between material properties and design for folding bicycle has been performed. The advantages and disadvantages matrix between conventional bicycle and folding bicycle is presented for better understanding of the materials properties and design. It was found that the materials properties of the folding bicycle frame such as fatigue and tensile strength are the important properties for the better performance of the frame. The relationship between materials properties and design is not straight forward because the behavior of the material in the finished product could be different from that of the raw material. The swing hinge technique could be a better technique in the design for the folding bicycle frame.

scholarly journals Determining Prospective Coconut Shell Products using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)

Tech-E ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Abidin Abidin
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Hierarchy Process ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Export Product

Coconut shell can be used as raw material for creative industries, producing ample artistic products. This present work aimed to determine the most prospective product among coconut shell items produced by local craftsman in Pangandaran using AHP. As the result, coco mosaic is found to be the first with priority weight of 0.3339. It has a promising market, for domestic and export product, with price of Rp. 250.000/m2 and US$ 27 – 40/m2, respectively.

Synthesis of NPK fertilizer from low-grade phosphate raw material

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anar Kareeva ◽  
Uilesbek Besterekov ◽  
Perizat Abdurazova ◽  
Ulzhalgas Nazarbek ◽  
Irina Pochitalkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Graphical Method ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Phosphate Raw Material ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Abstract The article presents the results of studies of the process of obtaining NPK fertilizer from low-grade phosphate raw materials with P2O5 of about 18%. Phosphate raw materials were leached with a mixture of nitric-phosphoric acids with the addition of potassium carbonate, which serves as a source of potassium in the final product. The main parameters determined were the content of the main nutrients P2O5:N:K2O, temperature and time of the leaching process. According to the graphical method, the “apparent” activation energy of the heterogeneous process is found, which is equal to 3.8 kJ/mol indicates the intradiffusion nature of the process. Methods of chemical analysis, scanning electron microscopy and XRD analysis were used for a comprehensive study of raw materials and final products.

scholarly journals Production of antipollutan mask based activated carbon from wasted coconut shell

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 01005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fauzan Nazif ◽  
Mahmud Sudibandriyo
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Good Material ◽  
Carbon Mass ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Made In

Indonesia is one of the countries with the highest levels of air pollution in the world. Air pollution in Indonesia, especially in Jakarta due to the number of private vehicles increased at least 10% every year. This air pollution can have an impact on public health. One effort to do as a protection of people health is to use a mask. Activated carbon can be coated to mask in order to improve the effectiveness in reducing the pollutants. One good material used as material for activated carbon is coconut shell. Selection of coconut shell as the raw material of activated carbon is also based on cellulose content of 26.06%, hemicellulose content 27.07% and a lignin content of 29.40% in the dry state. This research was done in some variation such as activation methods, activated carbon mass, and adhesive material types. Based on pollutants adsorption test, mask with 6 grams of activated carbon, chemically activated, and used TEOS as adhesive is the best variation that able to adsorb as much 76,25% of CO2 Pollutants. Mask made in this research, has saturation time as long as 4 hours under high CO2 concentration.

scholarly journals Characterization of Carbon Brush from Coconut Shell for Railway Application

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 291-295
Author(s):  
Mohd Halim Irwan Ibrahim ◽  
M.N. Said ◽  
Rosli Asmawi
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Copper Powder ◽  
Current Flow ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Electric Machines ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Cylindrical Shape ◽  
Flow Through

Carbon brush has been developed for several decades for electric machines in microelectronic era. It is the electromechanical that connect the circuit to generate an electric motor. Mineral graphite always used as a raw material in producing carbon brush beside the uses of charcoal. This study is propose to use a coconut shell (CS) as waste material that can be recycle and sustainable to produce a carbon pre-cursor. This research is conducted to minimize the percentage of graphite or charcoal as a raw material in producing a carbon brush by replaced a CS as a raw material and produce a carbon brush for railway application. Several process such as baking, crushing, sieving, mixing, compacting and sintering are used in this study to produce a carbon brush. The formation of the carbon (C) had been produced by reaction of combustion in nitrogen atmosphere with 800°C temperature to produce carbon pre-cursor. The carbon brush sample then been prepared by mixing a copper powder and epoxy resin with different ratio of mixture. The suitable percentage of epoxy resin that could form a solid cylindrical shape was 15 %. Sample of carbon brush had been baked at 800°C to form the highest carbon. In this study, copper powder can produce a better conductivity where the sample can permit current flow through it. By using 60 % copper powder, the sample produce less porosity which resulted for high density. Lesser the pores of carbon brush sample produce low resistivity and high conductivity.

scholarly journals METHYLENE BLUE REMOVAL USING COCONUT SHELL BIOCHAR SYNTHESIZED THROUGH MICROWAVE-ASSISTED PYROLYSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Nuryana ◽  
Muhammad Fahrul Rahman Alim ◽  
Maizatulakmal Yahayu ◽  
Muhammad Abbas Ahmad ◽  
Raja Safazliana Raja Sulong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Bet Analysis ◽  
Methylene Blue Removal ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
Conventional Pyrolysis ◽  
Time And Energy

Indonesia is the world’s second largest producer of coconut. This at the same time resulted in huge generation of coconut shell waste that need to be properly managed to prevent environmental contamination such as water, air and soil pollution. Current techniques of physical and thermal processing are time and energy consuming. This study reports on the conversion of coconut shell biomass into biochar using microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP). The MAP processes were carried out at different microwave power (550-650W) and   residence time (15-25 minutes). Two of the highest biochar yields were obtained at 550W with the residence times of 15 minutes (91.31 wt%, termed as S1) and 20 minutes (83.88 wt%, termed as S2), respectively. Both values were higher than biochar yield obtained using conventional pyrolysis process i.e. 30.10 wt%. Both S1 and S2 showed considerable capacity to remove 0.6875 mg.g-1 and 0.5165 mg.g-1 methylene blue which had the initial concentration of 25 mg.L-1. The adsorption efficiencies of S1 and S2 biochars were 55.00% and 41.32%, respectively. Results obtained from the FTIR, FESEM and BET analysis also supported the methylene blue removal properties of both S1 and S2, respectively. As a conclusion, coconut shell showed potential as a useful raw material to produce biochar that can be used for methylene blue removal from solution. Nevertheless, more investigation need to be carried out prior to commercialization venture of the coconut-shell based biochar.

scholarly journals Pengaruh pack carburizing media arang tempurung kelapa terhadap ketahanan aus baja komersial dengan variasi pelumas.pdf

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Wahyu Richard Nugraha ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal ◽  
Sri Chandrabakty
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Water Medium ◽  
Wear Factor ◽  
Carburizing Process ◽  
Test Result

This research was conducted to determine the effect of carburizing pack of charcoal shell on commercial wear resistance of steel with variation of lubricant. Carbon used is coconut shell charcoal. Carburizing pack process is done at temperature 950oC with quenching water medium and tempering with temperature 200oC, after carburizing pack process then do wear wear with variation of SAE 40 oil, SAE 90, SAE 140 and also without lubricant (TP). The wear rate on specimens undergoing carburizing process for SAE 40 and SAE 90 testing was 0.08% with wear factor of 0.00193 mm3 / N.km and 0.00202 mm3 / N.km, then for SAE 140 test the wear rate 0.05% and wear factor of 0.00128 mm3 / N.km, as well as for non-lubricant testing (TP) of 0.31% and wear factor of 0.00807 mm3 / N.km. While testing of raw material at SAE test 40 wear rate and wear factor 0,19% and 0,00504 mm3 / N.km, for SAE 90 test result 0,21% and 0,00541 mm3 / N.km, and result Wear rate of SAE 140 test equal to 0,0,18% with wear factor 0,00459 mm3 / N.km then testing without lubricant (TP) equal to 3,59% with wear factor equal to 0,09537 mm3 / N.km.

scholarly journals PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN BRIKET DARI ARANG TEMPURUNG KELAPA DI KELURAHAN KOLONGAN SATU KOTA TOMOHON

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meytij J Rampe
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Material ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Process Synthesis ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Product Characteristics ◽  
Structural Growth

Training on the briquettes synthesis from coconut shell charcoal has been conducted. This training was aimed to study the effects starch agent in the from solution on structural growth of briquettes and its chemical properties and the effect of temperature (200-500 oC) on the characters of the briquettes. The product characteristics of briquettes showed thatthere was a change on the chemical properties of the raw material which has been sintered at 300 oC, at which briquettes was produced in this process. Synthesis process at 300 oC in the presence of starch gave carbon material briquettes.

Karakter Giffen Pada Komoditas Arang Tempurung Kelapa

Liquidity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-153
Author(s):  
Pitri Yandri
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
Limited Availability ◽  
Unique Character ◽  
New Energy

The problem of rising fossil energy faced with the limited availability of the commodity in the future. Therefore, it needs new energy sources to tackle the issue. An alternative that can help the economy is the utilization of waste coconut shell that is processed into charcoal. With using principal component analysis, the result of the estimation indicates, there is a unique character that is contained in the shell charcoal commodity. The character of shell charcoal is closed to Giffen goods behavior. The most logical answer is because charcoal is the main raw material of shell burning for a restaurant that has a menu that was burned; and it becomes the unique preferences of the restaurant. They prefer barbecuing their food menu by using charcoal rather than other fuels such as stove, which uses kerosene and LPG. It is because barbecuing with charcoal will produce a better aroma than using the stove with fuel kerosene or LPG.

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