scholarly journals Herbal-Based Formulation Containing Eurycoma longifolia and Labisia pumila Aqueous Extracts: Safe for Consumption?

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Bee Ping Teh ◽  
Norzahirah Ahmad ◽  
Elda Nurafnie Ibnu Rasid ◽  
Nor Azlina Zolkifli ◽  
Umi Rubiah Sastu@Zakaria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia ◽  
Polyherbal Formulation ◽  
Labisia Pumila

A combined polyherbal formulation containing tongkat ali (Eurycoma longifolia) and kacip fatimah (Labisia pumila) aqueous extracts was evaluated for its safety aspect. A repeated dose 28-day toxicity study using Wistar rats was conducted where the polyherbal formulation was administered at doses 125, 500 and 2000 mg/kg body weight to male and female treatment groups daily via oral gavage, with rats receiving only water as the control group. In-life parameters measured include monitoring of food and water consumption and clinical and functional observations. On day 29, blood was collected for haematological and biochemical analysis. The rats were necropsied and the organs were collected for histopathological examination. This study showed that the combined formulation did not induce any significant toxicity effect at any dose level in terms of morbidity, mortality, behaviour, functional observation, body weight, food and water consumption, whole blood haematology and serum biochemistry. However, there were some microscopic changes in the histopathological examinations of some organs given 2000 mg/kg body weight, which may suggest an early response to the polyherbal formulation. From this study, the no observed adverse effect level is estimated to be more than 500 mg/kg body weight but not exceeding 2000 mg/kg body weight. The observed effects at the highest dose indicate the need for further study of longer dosing duration.

scholarly journals Two-Week Repeated Oral Dose Toxicity Study of Mantidis Ootheca Water Extract in C57BL/6 Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Hye-Sun Lim ◽  
Yun Soo Seo ◽  
Seung Mok Ryu ◽  
Byeong Cheol Moon ◽  
Goya Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Significant Toxicity ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Serum Biochemical

Background. Mantidis Ootheca (MO), described as the ootheca of Hierodula patellifera Serville, 1839, Tenodera angustipennis (Saussure, 1869), or Statilia maculate (Thunberg, 1784) in Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia, is an important herbal material that has been traditionally used for treating several medical conditions including renal failure, spermatorrhea, and pediatric enuresis in Korea. Objective. The present study investigated the potential subacute toxicity of MO water extract during a 2-week repeated oral administration of doses of 0, 50, 150, or 450 mg/kg/day to C57BL/6 male mice by gavage. Methods. The following parameters were examined during the study period: mortality, clinical signs, body weight, hematology, serum biochemistry, gross findings, organ weight, and histopathology. All the mice were euthanized at the end of the treatment period. Results. No treatment-related changes in mortalities, clinical signs, body weight, gross finding, and organ weight change were detected after 14 days of oral MO extract administration. In addition, no meaningful MO extract treatment-related changes were observed in the hematological, serum biochemical, and histopathological parameters compared with the normal control group following treatment with doses of up to 450 mg/kg/day. Conclusion. Based on these findings, we concluded that treatment of mice with the water extract of MO did not result in significant toxicity and, therefore, it could be considered safe for further pharmacological studies.

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ANTI-DIABETIC POTENTIALITY FOUND IN DIFFERENT MARKETED POLYHERBAL FORMULATION USING GLUCOCORTICOID-INDUCED HYPERGLYCAEMIA IN RABBIT

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Pranjal Boruah ◽  
Jashabir Chakraborty ◽  
Suvakanta Dash
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Equivalence ◽  
Polyherbal Formulation ◽  
Single Dosage

Objective: The aim of this study was performed to evaluate Antidiabetic potentiality found in different marketed polyherbal formulation using glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycaemia in the rabbit.Methods: The potentiality of different polyherbal formulation was investigated using dexamethasone (DEX) induced hyperglycaemia in Rabbit. Eight male rabbits were divided into four groups of two each. The first group is regarded as control group received 3 ml of normal saline daily by using the gastric tube for 15 d and remaining three group received (0.35 mg/Kg B.W. single dosage) of dexamethasone tablets which were powdered, dissolved in 3 ml of normal saline daily for 15 d. After 15 d the blood glucose estimated by using a glucometer and it is found that DXE treatment leads to significant increase in levels of glucose and a significant decrease in body weight. After that second group received metformin tablet. The third and fourth group received polyherbal formulation A and formulation B, which are powdered and dissolved in 3 ml of normal saline daily for 15 d at the dose of 0.5 gm/kg body weight orally. After completion of regular administration for 15 d, the blood glucose was again estimated and compare the results of each the group.Conclusion: The Anti-diabetic polyherbal marketed formulations were having less side effect as compared to standard metformin tablet (e. g. body weight loss). And both the polyherbal formulations were found a therapeutic equivalence to each other, also having the approximately similar potentiality to standard metformin tablet.Results: The result was found that the polyherbal marketed formulations were having less side effect as compared to standard metformin tablet (e. g. body weight loss). And both the polyherbal formulations were found significantly decreased in blood glucose level at equal potentiality, which can be consider as therapeutic equivalence to each other, and both the formulation also having the approximately similar potentiality to standard metformin tablet. 

scholarly journals Anti-diabetic activity of rhizome extracts of Imperata cylindrical against alloxan-induced Diabetes Mellitus in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 2704-2709
Author(s):  
Ranjana Kohli ◽  
Madan L Kaushik ◽  
Jai Parkash Kadian ◽  
Bhupendra Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Study Results

The anti-diabetic effect of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Imperata cylindrical  rhizomes was investigated in alloxan-induced diabeties in rats. Diabetes was induced by a single 150 mg/kg intraperitoneal dose of alloxan. Rats were divided into five groups with six rats in each group i.e. the normal control group, diabetic control group, standard group (glibenclamide, 10mg/kg, p.o.), Test-I group (200 mg/kg ethanolic extract) and Test-II group (200 mg/kg aqueous extract). The above concerned groups were inoculated on 21st day. On the last day of the experiment, fasted rats were killed by cervical dislocation. The body weight was measured at the initial day and final day. The blood samples were collected for estimation of glucose. The loss of body weight in control group, but recovery was observed in drug treated group. The serum glucose level was significant increased in diabetic rats. However, significant improvement was observed in treated group. The biochemical parameters such as HDL and proteins level were decreased in the control group but maintained in drug treated group. LDL, cholesterol, triglyceride creatinine and urea were significant increase in control group however, reduced level in drug treated group. The present study concluded that ethanolic and aqueous extracts of I. cylindrical  rhizome showed an appreciable effect in reducing the hyperglycemia and the complications associated with diabetes. However, aqueous extract is found more significant in decreasing blood glucose level in comparison to the ethanolic extract. The study results justify the traditional use of the plant as anti-diabetic.

scholarly journals Phenolic Acids (Gallic and Tannic Acids) Modulate Antioxidant Status and Cisplatin Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seun F. Akomolafe ◽  
Ayodele J. Akinyemi ◽  
Scholarstical O. Anadozie
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers

Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) or CDDP), used in the treatment of many solid-tissue cancers, has its chief side-effect in nephrotoxicity. Hence, this study sought to investigate and compare the protective effect of gallic acid (GA) and tannic acid (TA) against cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in rats. The rats were given a prophylactic treatment of GA and TA orally at a dose of 20 and 40 mg/kg body weight for 7 consecutive days before the administration of a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of cisplatin (CP) at 7.5 mg/kg bwt. The protective effects of both GA and TA on CP induced nephrotoxicity were investigated by assaying renal function, oxidative stress biomarkers, and histopathological examination of kidney architecture. A single dose of cisplatin (7.5 mg/kg bwt) injected i.p. caused a significant increase in some biomarkers of renal function (creatinine, uric acid, and urea levels), with a marked elevation in malondialdehyde (MDA) content accompanied by a significant (P<0.05) decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) content (103.27%) of kidney tissue as compared to control group. Furthermore, a significant (P<0.05) reduction in kidney antioxidant enzymes (SOD, catalase, GPx, and GST) activity was observed. However, pretreatment with oral administration of tannic acid and gallic acid at a dose of 20 and 40 mg/kg body weight, respectively, for 7 days prior to cisplatin administration reduced histological renal damage and suppressed the generation of ROS, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress in kidney tissues. These results indicate that both gallic and tannic acids could serve as a preventive strategy against cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity.

scholarly journals Influence of oral buprenorphine, oral naltrexone or morphine on the effects of laparotomy in the rat

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Liles ◽  
P. A. Flecknell ◽  
J. Roughan ◽  
I. Cruz-Madorran
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Endogenous Opioids ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Opioid Agonist ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Oral Naltrexone ◽  
Food And Water Intake

The effects of oral administration of buprenorphine ('buprenorphine jello'), a partial μ opioid agonist, oral naltrexone, a μ antagonist and morphine, a μ agonist, were investigated in rats following laparotomy. Food and water consumption and body weight were reduced in rats that underwent surgery. Rats undergoing anaesthesia alone showed only a small reduction in water consumption. Administration of oral buprenorphine (0.5 mg/kg in flavoured gelatin) decreased the effects of surgery on body weight and water intake when compared to untreated (vehicle alone) controls. The magnitude of this beneficial effect was similar to that seen in previous studies using subcutaneous administration of buprenorphine. The fall in body weight and food and water intake following surgery was similar in the groups which received morphine and the control group which received vehicle (jelly). Neither the magnitude of the fall in body weight, and food and water intake, nor the behavioural scores differed between naltrexone and control (vehicle alone) rats following surgery. This suggests that the beneficial effects of partial agonist analgesics are mediated by a reduction in pain rather than by antagonism of endogenous opioids. Both anaesthesia and surgery caused changes in behaviour, but the major effects of buprenorphine in normal (unoperated) rats severely limited the value of behavioural parameters as a means of assessing possible beneficial effects of analgesic administration.

scholarly journals Ex-Vivo Study, The Effect of Standardized Eurycoma longifolia Extract on The Enzyme Activity of Rosiglitazone N-Demethylase

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Purwantiningsih Purwantiningsih ◽  
Abas Hj Hussin ◽  
Kit Lam Chan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Demethylase Activity

Eurycoma longifolia (E. longifolia) or also known as Earth Pasak in Indonesia, has been used widely, especially to increase stamina in men. The use of herbal medicines in the long run opens up the opportunities for the influence of herbal medicines on metabolic process of other substances. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of E. longifolia extract on rosiglitazone metabolism after oral administration for one and fourteen days, and its effect on rat body weight. The rats were divided into two groups, group for one day treatment (divided into 8 subgroups with n = 6: I (control), II to VIII (were given extract at doses of 1 to 1000 mg / kg BW) and 14 days (rats divided into 4 subgroups, n = 6 : I (control), II to IV (treated with extracts of doses 5, 25 and 50 mg / kg BW). At the end of the experiment, test animals were sacrificed and rosiglitazone N-demethylase activity in hepatocytes was determined by measuring the amount of formaldehid formed at 415 nm. The rosiglitazone N-demethylase activity in all groups was analyzed by analysis of  variance (ANOVA) and Tukey Test (P <0.05). The percentage of the changing in the body weight in the 14 days treatment group was compared to the control group. The results showed there was a significant increased in the rosiglitazone N-demethylase activity after rats were treated with E. longifolia extract at doses of 5 to 1000 mg / kg BB, but was not significantly different at a dose of 1 mg / kg BW when compared with control group. For the 14 days treatment, there was no significant difference between the treatment group and the control group, both for the rosiglitazone N-demethylase enzyme activity or the changed of rat body weight.

scholarly journals Effects of Sargassum plagiophyllum extract pretreatment on tissue histology of constipated mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 2339-2346
Author(s):  
Rattanaporn Sengkhim ◽  
Saranya Peerakietkhajorn ◽  
Nilobon Jeanmard ◽  
Supattra Pongparadon ◽  
Pissared Khuituan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Normal Colon ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Colon Cells ◽  
Scavenging Capacity ◽  
Alternative Drug

Purpose: To evaluate the toxicity of the dried seaweed, Sargassum plagiophyllum, extract (SPE) pretreatment in constipated mice.Methods: The dried seaweed powder was mixed with distilled water and extracted by autoclave at 121°C. Antioxidant activity of the extract was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Human normal colon cells were pretreated with SPE at 0 - 100 μg/mL for 24 h before challenging them with 100 μM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were quantified using 2',7'- dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA). Male ICR mice were pretreated for 14 consecutive days with SPE at 100, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg or lactulose at 500 mg/kg. Body weight and food intake were recorded daily. Constipation was induced with loperamide on days 12, 13 and 14 and fecal pellets evacuated over a 4-hr period. The ileum, liver, kidney, and spleen were collected for histopathological examination.Results: The IC50 for the radical scavenging capacity of SPE was 343.90 ± 4.21 μg/mL compared to 14.14 ± 0.71 μg/mL for ascorbic acid. Pretreatment with SPE was significantly reduced ROS production in human normal colon cells. Oral administration of all doses of SPE and lactulose for 14 consecutive days had no effect on food intake or body weight when compared to the normal control group. Defecation was significantly more frequent in mice pretreated with SPE at 100 mg/kg than in the constipation control group. Histopathological examination of the ileum, liver, kidney and spleen of pretreated constipated mice revealed no toxic effect from either SPE or lactulose. On the other hand, the loss of mucus-producing cells in the ileum of constipated mice was significantly lower in mice pretreated with SPE.Conclusions: These findings support the safety of SPE supplementation and may broaden itsapplication in clinical fields as an alternative drug or supplement for constipation management.

Chicken proventricular necrosis virus related transmissible viral proventriculitis in broiler chickens in Poland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Śmiałek ◽  
Michał Gesek ◽  
Daria Dziwulska ◽  
Jowita Samanta-Niczyporuk ◽  
Andrzej Koncicki
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
Group A ◽  
Potential Factor ◽  
Antibody Levels

Abstract Background. Transmissible viral proventriculitis (TVP) is an infectious disease reported in all production types of chickens. TVP is manifested in decreased body weight gains, wide weight diversity of birds in the flock and poor feed conversion. Histopathological examination seems to be the most reliable method for confirming the disease. Although TVP etiology has not been explicitly defined, a novel virus identified as a member of the Birnaviridae family, named chicken proventricular necrosis virus (CPNV) has been isolated from clinical cases of TVP and it is now considered as a potential factor of a disease. The study was undertaken in order to reproduce the disease under laboratory conditions and to evaluate the etiology of first described Polish case of TVP. Results. Anatomopathological and histopathological evaluation reveled that we've succeeded to reproduce TVP in broiler chickens. Within 14 days after infection birds gained approximately 30,38% less body weight in comparison to Control group. In TVP infected group a seroconversion against FAdV and IBDV was recorded 14 days post infection (dpi). 14 dpi CPNV was detected in proventriculi, while FAdV in spleens and livers of infected birds. Conclusions. We have demonstrated that CPNV was involved in the development of the disease. We did not record the presence of IBDV in the TVP or control birds, despite our recording a strong seroconversion against IBDV in the birds from the TVP group. CPNV belongs to the same family as IBDV, which allows us to assume serological cross-reactivity between them. This possibility of CPNV infections affecting IBDV antibody levels detected by commonly available ELISAs should be taken into account under poultry field conditions and diagnosis. The role of FAdV in the development of TVP needs further evaluation.

scholarly journals Effects of Aqueous Leaf Extracts of Murraya koenigii on Learning and Memory in Mice

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sunday A. Bisong ◽  
Ememobong E. Ekpenyong
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Acquisition Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Reversal Training ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Murraya Koenigii ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Curry (Muraya koenigii) leaf is an essential leafy spice used widely in cuisine for its distinct flavor and for other medicinal purposes: Analgesic, antidysenteric, antioxidant and in regulating fertility. The Morris water maze was used to study the effects of aqueous extracts of M. koenigii (curry) leaf on learning and memory. Aqueous leaf extracts of M. koenigii (80mg/kg, p.o.) was administered to 7 CD1 strain of mice (18-28 g body weight) while the control group received 0.1 ml/10 kg body weight of distilled water (orally) for 10 days before behavior was assessed. All mice were tested in the Morris water maze for 8 days: At 4 trials per day and 60 seconds per trial. Day 1-3 were for acquisition training, day 4-6 reversal training, day 7, the probe trail and day 8 visible platform task. Results indicate that swim latency were not significantly different between the groups during acquisition and reversal training. The retention quadrant duration was significantly higher for the M. koenigi-treated mice compare to the control (P<0.05). The mice treated with M. koenigi showed a negative weight gain, indicating weight loss (p< 0.05). Therefore the aqueous extracts of M. koenigi improved visuospatial memory in the mice and decreased body weight.

scholarly journals Acute Toxicity Study of Standardized Faloak Bark ( Sterculia quadrifida R. Br.) Extract on Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 656-661
Author(s):  
Suci Noviyanah ◽  
Triana Hertiani ◽  
Retno Murwanti ◽  
Siswadi ◽  
Erna Prawita Setyowati
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Treatment Groups

The bark of Faloak (Sterculia quadrifida R. Br., Malvaceae) is used for traditional medicine in Indonesia. This study aims to examine the level of toxicity of the Faloak bark standardized ethanolic extract. The barks were collected from East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. TLC profile was determined by TLC-densitometry, total phenolic and flavonoid content were determined in ethanolic extract from bark of faloak (S.quadrifida) by UV-V is method. The acute toxicity was performed according to the TD420 method by OECD (2001) on Wistar rats. The animals were grouped into control and treatment groups (2000 mg/kg body weight). All animals were evaluated for possible toxicity signs by measuring body weight, food and water consumption, and histopathological observation. The result of mean concentration of total phenolic content was found to be 17,69±2,01 (%GAE) and concentration of total flavonoid content was found to be 8,56 ± 0,02 (%NE). The results showed that no mortality occurs after 14 days of treatment. In general, no significant changes in animal behavior, body weight, food and water consumption compared to the control group. Histological observation found no sign of toxicity on vital organs. LD50 values obtained from the acute toxicity test results for Faloak ethanol extract (Sterculia quadrifida R. Bark) are higher than 2,000 mg/kg BW and categorized as having a low level of toxicity.

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