scholarly journals Antidepressants and Circadian Rhythm: Exploring Their Bidirectional Interaction for the Treatment of Depression

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1975
Author(s):  
Soraia Silva ◽  
Joana Bicker ◽  
Amílcar Falcão ◽  
Ana Fortuna
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Drug Dosing ◽  
Signaling Systems ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Target Molecules ◽  
The Relationship

Scientific evidence that circadian rhythms affect pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics has highlighted the importance of drug dosing-time. Circadian oscillations alter drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) as well as intracellular signaling systems, target molecules (e.g., receptors, transporters, and enzymes), and gene transcription. Although several antidepressant drugs are clinically available, less than 50% of depressed patients respond to first-line pharmacological treatments. Chronotherapeutic approaches to enhance the effectiveness of antidepressants are not completely known. Even so, experimental results found until this day suggest a positive influence of drug dosing-time on the efficacy of depression therapy. On the other hand, antidepressants have also demonstrated to modulate circadian rhythmicity and sleep–wake cycles. This review aims to evidence the potential of chronotherapy to improve the efficacy and/or safety of antidepressants. It includes pre-clinical and clinical studies that demonstrate the relevance of determining the most appropriate time of administration for antidepressant drugs. In parallel, their positive influence on the resynchronization of disrupted circadian rhythms is also herein discussed. It is expected that this review will promote the investigation of chronotherapy for the treatment of depression, contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between antidepressants and circadian rhythms, and consequently promote the development of new therapeutics.

scholarly journals Sedative antidepressants and insomnia

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter André dos Santos Moraes ◽  
Patrick Rademaker Burke ◽  
Pablo Lorenzon Coutinho ◽  
Christian Guilleminault ◽  
Aline Gomes Bittencourt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
5Ht2 Receptor ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

OBJECTIVE: The present review addresses the relationship between sleep and depression and how serotonergic transmission is implicated in both conditions. METHOD: Literature searches were performed in the PubMed and MedLine databases up to March 2010. The terms searched were "insomnia", "depression", "sedative antidepressants" and "serotonin". In order to pinpoint the sedative antidepressants most used to treat insomnia, 34 ISI articles, mainly reviews and placebo-controlled clinical trials, were selected from 317 articles found in our primary search. RESULTS: Sleep problems may appear months before the diagnosis of clinical depression and persist after the resolution of depression. Treatment of insomnia symptoms may improve this comorbid disease. Some antidepressant drugs can also result in insomnia or daytime sleepiness. Serotonin (5-HT) demonstrates a complex pattern with respect to sleep and wakefulness that is related to the array of 5-HT receptor subtypes involved in different physiological functions. It is now believed that 5HT2 receptor stimulation is subjacent to insomnia and changes in sleep organization related to the use of some antidepressants. CONCLUSION: Some drugs commonly prescribed for the treatment of depression may worsen insomnia and impair full recovery from depression. 5-HT2 receptor antagonists are promising drugs for treatment strategies since they can improve comorbid insomnia and depression.

Analisis Peranan Kepuasan Dan Komitmen Sebagai Perantara Pengaruh Kualitas Jasa Tutorial Online Terhadap Loyalitas Mahasiswa

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-32
Author(s):  
Andy Mulyana ◽  
Devi Ayuni
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Online Tutorial ◽  
Student Loyalty ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

This study aims to evaluate the role of satisfaction and commitment as mediating the effect of service quality on student loyalty as the user of Open University's Online Tutorial. Based on data analysis on student of Management program 229 as respondents with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), this study found the relationship between: (1) positive influence of service quality to satisfaction and loyalty of students using tuton; (2) the positive effect of satisfaction on student loyalty using tuton; (3) satisfaction is a mediator between service quality and loyalty of students using tuton. Conversely, commitment has no positive effect on student loyalty as a tuton user. In addition, commitment does not mediates the effect of satisfaction on the loyalty of tuton users. Keywords: service quality, satisfaction, commitment, loyalty

Influence of the Intestinal Microbiota on Diabetes Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 1603-1615
Author(s):  
Eva Alvarez-Vieites ◽  
Arora López-Santamarina ◽  
José M. Miranda ◽  
Alicia del Carmen Mondragón ◽  
Alexandre Lamas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
The Relationship

In recent decades, there has been a very rapid increase in the prevalence of diabetes globally, with serious health and economic implications. Although today there are several therapeutic treatments for this disease, these do not address the causes of the disease and have serious side effects, so it is necessary to seek new treatments to replace or complement the existing ones. Among these complementary treatments, a strong link between the intestinal microbiota and diabetes has been demonstrated, which has focused attention on the use of biotherapy to regulate the function of the intestinal microbiota and, thus, treat diabetes. In this way, the main objective of this work is to provide a review of the latest scientific evidence on diabetes, gathering information about new trends in its management, and especially, the influence of the intestinal microbiota and microbiome on this pathology. It is possible to conclude that the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and diabetes is carried out through alterations in energy metabolism, the immune system, changes in intestinal permeability, and a state of low-intensity systemic inflammation. Although, currently, most of the experimental work, using probiotics for diabetes management, has been done on experimental animals, the results obtained are promising. Thus, the modification of the microbiota through biotherapy has shown to improve the symptoms and severity of diabetes through various mechanisms related to these alterations.

The causal relationship between envy and depression: A cross-lagged regression analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Xinsheng Jiang ◽  
Jinyu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Social Comparison ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Gender Effect ◽  
Comparison Theory ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Nonclinical Sample ◽  
Upward Social Comparison ◽  
The Relationship

The causal relationship between envy and depression is currently far from clear. We conducted a cross-lagged regression analysis of data on envy and depression, obtained from a nonclinical sample of 260 undergraduate students at two time points spaced 14 months apart. From the perspective of social comparison theory, the results show that although after 14 months envy positively predicted depression, depression did not predict envy. The envy–depression relationship is, thus, a unidirectional causality. In addition, there was no overall gender effect on the relationship between envy and depression. Our finding of the effect of upward social comparison on the envy–depression relationship provides guidance for the treatment of depression in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Supporting Caregivers of Older Adults Through Education in Mindful Gratitude Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 16-16
Author(s):  
Sungsim Lee
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Mindfulness Practice ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Won Buddhism ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This presentation describes a supportive mindfulness practice for caregivers of older adults based on the principles of Won Buddhism (an integrative, a modernized Buddhism). As the aging population grows, there is a significant increase in recognition of the negative impact of caregiver stress on older adults’ quality of life. The ability for caregivers to deal compassionately with stress is essential, as caring for older adults can awaken feelings about one’s own vulnerability and mortality. The ‘Mindful Gratitude Practice’ offers a way to cope with stress, cultivate self-care, and improve the care of others. Relevant research will be summarized, which shows mindfulness and gratitude practice respectively benefit positive influence in both physical and emotional well-being. Mindful Gratitude Practice as a spiritual approach that fosters caregivers' emotional stability, reduces their stress and improves the relationship between older adults and their caregivers. In this presentation, three processes of Mindful Gratitude Practice will be described: 1. Understanding a mindfulness practice by establishing intention, attention, and attitude, 2. Learning the principles of a gratitude practice and implementation, and 3. Incorporating mindfulness into a gratitude practice. Research results have demonstrated that through this learning process, caregivers have acquired the concept of interconnectedness, experience grateful moments, and a deep feeling of appreciation in their caregiving relationships. The presenter will guide participants in a short experience of Mindfulness Gratitude Practice. Further readings and resources will be provided for those who are interested.

scholarly journals Recapitulation of the Function and Role of ROS Generated in Response to Heat Stress in Plants

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 371
Author(s):  
Emily Medina ◽  
Su-Hwa Kim ◽  
Miriam Yun ◽  
Won-Gyu Choi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Signaling Molecule ◽  
Signaling Systems ◽  
Cell Compartments ◽  
Tropical Area

In natural ecosystems, plants are constantly exposed to changes in their surroundings as they grow, caused by a lifestyle that requires them to live where their seeds fall. Thus, plants strive to adapt and respond to changes in their exposed environment that change every moment. Heat stress that naturally occurs when plants grow in the summer or a tropical area adversely affects plants’ growth and poses a risk to plant development. When plants are subjected to heat stress, they recognize heat stress and respond using highly complex intracellular signaling systems such as reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS was previously considered a byproduct that impairs plant growth. However, in recent studies, ROS gained attention for its function as a signaling molecule when plants respond to environmental stresses such as heat stress. In particular, ROS, produced in response to heat stress in various plant cell compartments such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, plays a crucial role as a signaling molecule that promotes plant growth and triggers subsequent downstream reactions. Therefore, this review aims to address the latest research trends and understandings, focusing on the function and role of ROS in responding and adapting plants to heat stress.

scholarly journals Sustainable Competitive Advantage through Entrepreneurship, Market-Oriented Culture, and Trust

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3986
Author(s):  
Jun-Chul Ha ◽  
Jun-Woo Lee ◽  
Jee Young Seong
Keyword(s):  
Work Engagement ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Sustainable Competitive Advantage ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Significant Positive Influence

In a rapidly changing business environment, the entrepreneurship of top management is essential for the survival and sustainable development of the enterprise. Building on the view of the strategic choice theory, this study identifies the relationship between entrepreneurship, market-oriented culture, and work engagement. Data were collected from 493 employees regularly working in small and medium-sized firms in South Korea. The results of this study indicate: (1) entrepreneurship (consisting of innovation, proactiveness, and risk-taking) has a significant positive influence on market-oriented culture, (2) entrepreneurship positively affects work engagement, (3) market-oriented culture has a significant positive effect on work engagement, (4) the effects of innovation and proactiveness on work engagement are significant, controlling for market-oriented culture, showing the partial mediating effect of market-oriented culture on work engagement, and (5) CEO trust moderates the relationship between risk-taking and work engagement. Theoretical and practical implications are suggested.

scholarly journals New Insights into Molecular Mechanism behind Anti-Cancer Activities of Lycopene

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3888
Author(s):  
Boon-Peng Puah ◽  
Juriyati Jalil ◽  
Ali Attiq ◽  
Yusof Kamisah
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Real Potential ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cancer Activity ◽  
Reduced Risk

Lycopene is a well-known compound found commonly in tomatoes which brings wide range of health benefits against cardiovascular diseases and cancers. From an anti-cancer perspective, lycopene is often associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer and people often look for it as a dietary supplement which may help to prevent cancer. Previous scientific evidence exhibited that the anti-cancer activity of lycopene relies on its ability to suppress oncogene expressions and induce proapoptotic pathways. To further explore the real potential of lycopene in cancer prevention, this review discusses the new insights and perspectives on the anti-cancer activities of lycopene which could help to drive new direction for research. The relationship between inflammation and cancer is being highlighted, whereby lycopene suppresses cancer via resolution of inflammation are also discussed herein. The immune system was found to be a part of the anti-cancer system of lycopene as it modulates immune cells to suppress tumor growth and progression. Lycopene, which is under the family of carotenoids, was found to play special role in suppressing lung cancer.

scholarly journals The Influence of R&D Intensity on Financial Performance: The Mediating Role of Human Capital in the Semiconductor Industry in Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5128
Author(s):  
Tsung-Chun Chen ◽  
Yenchun Jim Wu
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Intangible Assets ◽  
Semiconductor Industry ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
High Tech ◽  
The Relationship

Knowledge transfer is a strategy used by high-tech companies to acquire new knowledge and skills. Knowledge can be internally generated or externally sourced. The access to external knowledge is a quick fix, but the risks associated with reliance on external sources are often overlooked. However, not acquiring such knowledge is even riskier. There have been a slew of litigations in the semiconductor industry in recent years. The acquisition and assurance of intangible assets is an important issue. This paper posits that internal R&D should take into consideration the knowledge intensity and capital investment in the industry. This study focuses on the relationship between intangible assets and financial performance. It sourced the 2004 to 2016 financial data of semiconductor companies in Taiwan for panel data modeling and examined case studies for empirical validation. This study found that the higher the R&D intensity (RDI) in the value-added component of human capital, the better the financial performance of the company. RDI has a positive influence on the accumulation of human capital and financial performance metrics, and such influence is deferred. Meanwhile, human capital is a mediating factor in the relationship between RDI and financial performance. RDI is integral to the semiconductor industry’s pursuit of business sustainability.

The Link between Devolution and Regional Disparities: Evidence from the Italian Regions

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1129-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lapo Calamai
Keyword(s):  
Positive Influence ◽  
Regional Disparities ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Regional Convergence ◽  
Spatial Inequalities ◽  
Qualitative Evidence ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
The Relationship

This paper investigates the relationship between devolution and regional disparities by looking at the case of Italy. By integrating the relevant quantitative and qualitative evidence, it attempts to answer two questions. Did the devolutionary process exert a positive influence on regional convergence in Italy? And, if so, why have its beneficial economic effects been concentrated in the Mezzogiorno? A clear historical link between the upsurge of devolution and the reduction of spatial inequalities is identified. However, this relationship plays out in a rather indirect way, and is strongly influenced by a series of exogenous factors which are thoroughly analysed.

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