scholarly journals Plant Recovery after Metal Stress—A Review

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 450
Author(s):  
Jagna Chmielowska-Bąk ◽  
Joanna Deckert
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Process ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Cross Tolerance ◽  
Stress Memory ◽  
Plant Recovery ◽  
Human Food Chain ◽  
Efficient Recovery ◽  
The Impact

Contamination of the environment with metals, their adverse impact on plant performance and transmission to the human food chain through crops and vegetables are important concerns worldwide. Although the literature on metal contamination, toxicity and plant response to this stress factor is quite abundant, there are very limited reports on the phenomenon of plant recovery after metal stress. The present article reviews available literature on the recovery process examined in various plant species, in response to several metals (Al, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn), applied at different concentrations and treatment duration. The reviewed studies have been carried out in laboratory conditions. However, it should be highlighted that although metal stress is not as transient as most of other stress factors (e.g., drought, heat, chilling), metal concentration in the soil may still decrease due to, e.g., leaching to lower soil layers or uptake by organisms. Thus, in natural conditions, plants may be subjected to post-metal-stress conditions. The review also discusses the mechanism behind efficient recovery and the impact of post metal stress on future plant performance—possible acquisition of stress memory, adaptation to unfavorable conditions and cross-tolerance towards other stress factors.

Factors Influencing Academic Stress on Students of University of Economics and Business - Vietnam National University

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nham Phong Tuan ◽  
Nguyen Ngoc Quy ◽  
Nguyen Thi Thanh Huyen ◽  
Hong Tra My ◽  
Tran Nhu Phu
Keyword(s):  
Academic Stress ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
National University ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of seven factors causing academic stress on students of University of Economics and Business - Vietnam National University: Lack of leisure time, Academic performance, Fear of failure, Academic overload, Finances, Competition between students, Relationships with university faculty. Based on the results of a practical survey of 185 students who are attending any courses at the University of Economics and Business - Vietnam National University, the study assesses the impact of stress factors on students. The thesis focuses on clarifying the concept of "stress" and the stress level of students, while pointing out its negative effects on students. This study includes two cross-sectional questionnaire surveys. The first survey uses a set of 16 questions to assess students’ perceptions and attitudes based on an instrument to measure academic stress - Educational Stress Scale for Adolescents (ESSA). The second survey aims to test internal consistency, the robustness of the previously established 7-factor structure. Henceforth, the model was brought back and used qualitatively, combined with Cronbach’s Alpha measurement test and EFA discovery factor analysis. This study was conducted from October 2019 to December 2019. From these practical analyzes, several proposals were made for the society, the school and the students themselves.

Impacts of separate rejection water treatment on the overall plant performance

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Wett ◽  
J. Alex
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
High Tech ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Total N ◽  
Unit Process ◽  
Innovative Tool ◽  
The Impact

A separate rejection water treatment appears as a high-tech unit process which might be recommendable only for specific cases of an upgrading of an existing wastewater treatment plant. It is not the issue of this paper to consider a specific separate treatment process itself but to investigate the influence of such a process on the overall plant performance. A plant-wide model has been applied as an innovative tool to evaluate effects of the implemented sidestream strategy on the mainstream treatment. The model has been developed in the SIMBA environment and combines acknowledged mathematical descriptions of the activated sludge process (ASM1) and the anaerobic mesophilic digestion (Siegrist model). The model's calibration and validation was based on data from 5 years of operating experience of a full-scale rejection water treatment. The impact on the total N-elimination efficiency is demonstrated by detailed nitrogen mass flow schemes including the interactions between the wastewater and the sludge lane. Additionally limiting conditions due to dynamic N-return loads are displayed by the model's state variables.

The impact of stress factors in simulation-based laparoscopic training

Surgery ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 147 (5) ◽  
pp. 631-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela B. Andreatta ◽  
Miranda Hillard ◽  
Lewis P. Krain
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Training ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Derivation of power loss factors to evaluate the impact of postcombustion CO2 capture processes on steam power plant performance

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1385-1394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Linnenberg ◽  
Ulrich Liebenthal ◽  
Jochen Oexmann ◽  
Alfons Kather
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Power Loss ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Steam Power ◽  
Steam Power Plant ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Loss Factors

scholarly journals ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ И ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ ПОДХОДЫ К ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЮ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ПОМОЩИ ЖЕНАМ ПОГИБШИХ ПРАВООХРАНИТЕЛЕЙ ПРИ УТРАТЕ

World Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Рыбык Л. А.
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Psychological Adaptation ◽  
Psychological Support ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
General Level ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Psychological Assistance ◽  
The Impact

The preambule gives the reasons for the relevance of the problem of experiencing the loss and grief of the perished law enforcers` wives in Ukraine, providing them with psychological counseling and the necessary psychological assistance based on the modern scientific heritage, world and local practical experience. The aim of the study is to examine the theoretical and practical approaches of providing psychological assistance to widows, as well as to analyze the impact of psychological assistance on the overall level of adaptive grieving.The main part reveals the main theoretical and practical approaches to the definition of varieties, structure and content of systemic psychological support based on extreme psychology and crisis intervention. It was noted the necessity of providing emotional support and psychological assistance at the early stages of experiencing grief and loss. It presents the brief description of the factors influencing psychological state of the person, who is in an emergency situation - the sudden death of a loved one.The concept of adaptive and non-adaptive ways of responding to stress factors, based on a study by E. Lindemann, is considered. Psychological reactions are described that correspond to different phases of a crisis state after a traumatic event, accordingly to the studies of D. Aguilera and J. Messick. The results of a comparative experimental psychological examination of the perished law enforcers` wives are set out in order to determine the significance of individual factors of socio-psychological adaptation for the formation of effective psych correctional programs. Statistically reliable data on the impact of psychological support on the general level of socio-psychological adaptation are obtained. In conclusion, it is stated the reasonability of providing the psychological assistance in case of loss, taking into account the hierarchy of personal problems. Experimentally proven that, when providing systemic psychological assistance, there is a tendency towards to of adaptability and emotional comfort indicators, decrease of level and moving away from problem situations avoidance.

scholarly journals The leaf-feeding beetle, Cassida rubiginosa, has no impact on Carduus pycnocephalus (slender winged thistle) regardless of physical constraints on plant growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Jonty Mills ◽  
Sarah Jackman ◽  
Chikako Van Koten ◽  
Michael Cripps
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Physical Constraints ◽  
Pot Size ◽  
Californian Thistle ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Growth Constraint ◽  
Cassida Rubiginosa

The leaf-feeding beetle, Cassida rubiginosa, is an oligophagous biocontrol agent capable of feeding on most species in the tribe Cardueae (thistles and knapweeds). The beetle was released in New Zealand in 2007, primarily to control Cirsium arvense (Californian thistle), with the recognition that it had potential to control multiple thistle weeds. The objective of this study was to test the impact of different densities of Cassida rubiginosa larvae (0, 50, 100, or 200 per plant) on the growth and reproductive performance of the annual thistle weed, Carduus pycnocephalus (slender winged thistle). Since the effectiveness of biocontrol agents is often enhanced when plants are stressed, different levels of growth constraint were imposed by growing the weed in different pot sizes (0.5, 1, 5, and 12 litres). We hypothesised that feeding damage by Cassida rubiginosa larvae would have a greater impact on the weed when grown in smaller pots, since root growth would be constrained, and the weed’s ability to compensate for feeding damage would be restricted. Contrary to our hypothesis, pot size had no effect on feeding damage by Cassida rubiginosa on Carduus pycnocephalus. As expected, most measures of plant performance increased with larger pot sizes, including plant height, biomass, and the number of seedheads per plant. The results of this study indicate that Cassida rubiginosa is unlikely to contribute to the control of Carduus pycnocephalus. Additional oligophagous biocontrol agents targeting the rosette stage and seed production should be considered for release in New Zealand.

scholarly journals Agricultural intensification reduces microbial network complexity and the abundance of keystone taxa in roots

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samiran Banerjee ◽  
Florian Walder ◽  
Lucie Büchi ◽  
Marcel Meyer ◽  
Alain Y. Held ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Agricultural Intensification ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
No Till ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Root Microbiota

AbstractRoot-associated microbes play a key role in plant performance and productivity, making them important players in agroecosystems. So far, very few studies have assessed the impact of different farming systems on the root microbiota and it is still unclear whether agricultural intensification influences network complexity of microbial communities. We investigated the impact of conventional, no-till and organic farming on wheat root fungal communities usingPacBio SMRT sequencingon samples collected from 60 farmlands in Switzerland. Organic farming harboured a much more complex fungal network than conventional and no-till farming systems. The abundance of keystone taxa was the highest under organic farming where agricultural intensification was the lowest. The occurrence of keystone taxa was best explained by soil phosphorus levels, bulk density, pH and mycorrhizal colonization. The majority of keystone taxa are known to form arbuscular mycorrhizal associations with plants and belong to the ordersGlomerales,Paraglomerales, andDiversisporales. Supporting this, the abundance of mycorrhizal fungi in roots and soils was also significantly higher under organic farming. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report mycorrhizal keystone taxa for agroecosystems, and we demonstrate that agricultural intensification reduces network complexity and the abundance of keystone taxa in the root microbiota.

scholarly journals Plant-Microbe Interactions in Alleviating Abiotic Stress—A Mini Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Prabhu Inbaraj
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
The Impact

Crop plants are continuously exposed to various abiotic stresses like drought, salinity, ultraviolet radiation, low and high temperatures, flooding, metal toxicities, nutrient deficiencies which act as limiting factors that hampers plant growth and low agricultural productivity. Climate change and intensive agricultural practices has further aggravated the impact of abiotic stresses leading to a substantial crop loss worldwide. Crop plants have to get acclimatized to various environmental abiotic stress factors. Though genetic engineering is applied to improve plants tolerance to abiotic stresses, these are long-term strategies, and many countries have not accepted them worldwide. Therefore, use of microbes can be an economical and ecofriendly tool to avoid the shortcomings of other strategies. The microbial community in close proximity to the plant roots is so diverse in nature and can play an important role in mitigating the abiotic stresses. Plant-associated microorganisms, such as endophytes, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), are well-documented for their role in promoting crop productivity and providing stress tolerance. This mini review highlights and discusses the current knowledge on the role of various microbes and it's tolerance mechanisms which helps the crop plants to mitigate and tolerate varied abiotic stresses.

Evaluating relationships among tree growth rate, shade tolerance, and browse tolerance following disturbance in an eastern deciduous forest

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 2460-2469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Krueger ◽  
Chris J. Peterson ◽  
Alejandro Royo ◽  
Walter P. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Forest Dynamics ◽  
Shade Tolerance ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Eastern Deciduous Forest ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
The Impact

Interspecific differences in shade tolerance among woody species are considered a primary driving force underlying forest succession. However, variation in shade tolerance may be only one of many interspecific differences that cause species turnover. For example, tree species may differ in their sensitivity to herbivory. Nonetheless, existing conceptual models of forest dynamics rarely explicitly consider the impact of herbivores. We examined whether browsing by white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann) alters the relationship between light availability and plant performance. We monitored growth and survival for seedlings of six woody species over 2 years within six windthrow gaps and the nearby intact forest in the presence and absence of deer. Browsing decreased seedling growth for all species except beech ( Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.). More importantly, browsing altered growth rankings among species. Increased light availability enhanced growth for three species when excluded from deer, but browsing obscured these relationships. Browsing also reduced survival for three species; however, survival rankings did not significantly differ between herbivory treatments. Our results indicated that browsing and light availability operated simultaneously to influence plant growth within these forests. Thus, existing models of forest dynamics may make inaccurate predictions of the timing and composition of species reaching the canopy, unless they can account for how plant performance varies as a result of a variety of environmental factors, including herbivory.

scholarly journals An integrated social response to disasters: the case of the Indian Ocean tsunami in Sri Lanka

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 595-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siri Hettige ◽  
Richard Haigh
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Disaster Recovery ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The impact of disasters caused by natural hazards on people in affected communities is mediated by a whole range of circumstances such as the intensity of the disaster, type and nature of the community affected and the nature of loss and displacement. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the need to adopt a holistic or integrated approach to assessment of the process of disaster recovery, and to develop a multidimensional assessment framework. Design/methodology/approach The study is designed as a novel qualitative assessment of the recovery process using qualitative data collection techniques from a sample of communities affected by the Indian Ocean tsunami in Eastern and Southern Sri Lanka. Findings The outcomes of the interventions have varied widely depending on such factors as the nature of the community, the nature of the intervention and the mode of delivery for donor support. The surveyed communities are ranked in terms of the nature and extent of recovery. Practical implications The indices of recovery developed constitute a convenient tool of measurement of effectiveness and limitations of external interventions. The assessment used is multidimensional and socially inclusive. Originality/value The approach adopted is new to post-disaster recovery assessments and is useful for monitoring and evaluation of recovery processes. It also fits into the social accountability model as the assessment is based on community experience with the recovery process.

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