scholarly journals ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ И ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ ПОДХОДЫ К ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЮ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ПОМОЩИ ЖЕНАМ ПОГИБШИХ ПРАВООХРАНИТЕЛЕЙ ПРИ УТРАТЕ

World Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Рыбык Л. А.

The preambule gives the reasons for the relevance of the problem of experiencing the loss and grief of the perished law enforcers` wives in Ukraine, providing them with psychological counseling and the necessary psychological assistance based on the modern scientific heritage, world and local practical experience. The aim of the study is to examine the theoretical and practical approaches of providing psychological assistance to widows, as well as to analyze the impact of psychological assistance on the overall level of adaptive grieving.The main part reveals the main theoretical and practical approaches to the definition of varieties, structure and content of systemic psychological support based on extreme psychology and crisis intervention. It was noted the necessity of providing emotional support and psychological assistance at the early stages of experiencing grief and loss. It presents the brief description of the factors influencing psychological state of the person, who is in an emergency situation - the sudden death of a loved one.The concept of adaptive and non-adaptive ways of responding to stress factors, based on a study by E. Lindemann, is considered. Psychological reactions are described that correspond to different phases of a crisis state after a traumatic event, accordingly to the studies of D. Aguilera and J. Messick. The results of a comparative experimental psychological examination of the perished law enforcers` wives are set out in order to determine the significance of individual factors of socio-psychological adaptation for the formation of effective psych correctional programs. Statistically reliable data on the impact of psychological support on the general level of socio-psychological adaptation are obtained. In conclusion, it is stated the reasonability of providing the psychological assistance in case of loss, taking into account the hierarchy of personal problems. Experimentally proven that, when providing systemic psychological assistance, there is a tendency towards to of adaptability and emotional comfort indicators, decrease of level and moving away from problem situations avoidance.

Author(s):  
M. Dergach

The article reveals the peculiarities of playback theater as a psychodramatic technique, analyzes the current practice of using playback theater in the system of socialization and re-socialization. The author found that socialization, as a necessary process for interaction with the outside world, is manifested in the assimilation and appropriation of social experience for the purpose of productive functioning in it and to construct an image of the common and own world (as a part of the common), which allows a person to live a life while preserving individuality. and creatively influence the world. Within this provision, playback theater should be regarded as a technology of the paratheater system of dramatherapy, which is relevant at any stage of the socialization of the individual or as a means in the mechanisms of socialization. Playback theater contributes to the development of tolerance for social differences, the acceptance of another with all its features, values. Thanks to him, we learn to listen to understand others, because in the performance the main thing is the story of the viewer, the realization of which is impossible in reality without careful perception. The author has found that playback theater as a paratheater system of drama is a rather interesting and important means of socialization and re-socialization of the personality, it can be used in any group of people to solve problems of a wide range. The article describes in detail the content of the playback theater application, namely: social integration of individual subgroups into society; social and psychological adaptation of personality; social-psychological and therapeutic support for people who are in emotional and psychological state; creation of a more favorable social and psychological climate for the team; social and psychological support in complex events; development of personal qualities of children in educational institutions; social and psychological support of people in recreational activities; playback theater as a means of creating space for social networking. Prospects for further research on the topic of the article are to study the attitude of the audience to the performances of the playback theater, the search for the means of expression of the actors, the impact of playback on the children's audience.


2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-159
Author(s):  
R. Kerimbayeva ◽  
◽  
U. Zhamirova ◽  
A. Abdrakhmanova ◽  
◽  
...  

Article about the state of experiencing the syndrome of «emotional burnout» in the non-standard mode of work of medical workers in the COVID-19 pandemic. The issue of the impact of many negative factors on the professional activity of doctors, in connection with the Declaration of an emergency situation in Kazakhstan, an outbreak of coronavirus infection, is being considered. In the treatment of coronavirus infection, external and internal psychological causes of burnout syndrome in medical workers were identified. It is characterized by manifestations of emotional burnout, which are manifested in professional communication with feelings of fatigue, emotions, weakness, indifference, and anxiety. The issues of reducing the psychological state of medical workers in the conditions of coronavirus, their stress resistance, high anxiety, emotional will, features of self-control and management were considered. In the context of a pandemic, it is proposed to provide psychological assistance to medical workers, and state support for their work is recommended.


2013 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Saccinto ◽  
Lola Vallès ◽  
Ed Hilterman ◽  
Malin Roiha ◽  
Luca Pietrantoni ◽  
...  

AbstractThis study investigates if perceived self-efficacy during an emergency situation has a protective role in the development of posttraumatic stress symptoms among Italian and Spanish survivors of several emergency situations. We explored the impact of self-efficacy in a multiple regression model including other predictors of posttraumatic stress symptoms, such as emergency prevention knowledge; trust in emergency services; risk perception of becoming a victim of an emergency situation; and conscious and active behaviors in comparison with no conscious and no active behavior during the emergency. We carried out a retrospective study recruiting 214 participants who reported their experience as victims of one specific emergency event. Results showed that survivors who perceived themselves as more self-efficacious during the traumatic event had less posttraumatic stress symptoms. In contrast, female gender, more self-threat perception and higher trauma severity were associated with more symptoms. Findings contribute to better understand human behavior in emergency situations and evidence the protective role of perceived self-efficacy beliefs among survivors of emergency situations.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
G. N. Savchenko ◽  
O. V. Koltsova

Aim objective is to study the relationship between the viability of HIV-infected women and their psychological state, lifelong orientations, and coping strategies for developing psychological intervention.Materials and methods. The study participants were patients of the St. Petersburg Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS. The questionnaire includes the socio-demographic characteristics of women. «Resilience Test» S. Muddy, test «Meaningful Life Orientations» (SJO) D. A. Leont’ev, Stress Management Strategies (SACS) Questionnaire C. Hobfall, the SSD-12 scale evaluates the psychological stress associated with somatic symptoms. The Impact of Event Scale is designed to measure specific human responses to stressors, where a common scale measures the degree to which a response to HIV infection is a traumatic event.Results. The average age of women who participated in the training is 38.9 years. 48,1% (13/27) have higher education. 37% (10/27) have No children. 48,1% (13/27) of women are single (do not have a permanent sexual partner). 33,3% (9/27) of the participants were diagnosed with HIV infection less than a year ago. The training included a complex of three classes. Participants gathered once a week from 6 p.m. to 8 p.m. The group was open. Those who completed a set of three classes were asked to fill out a feedback form. The indicators of the «Resilience» test at a high level of statistical significance are positively associated with the indicators of the LSS «General Intelligence», «Goals in Life», «Life Process», «Life Efficiency», «Locus of Control-I», «Locus of Control-Life». The severity of the perception of the diagnosis of HIV infection as a traumatic event has a two-way connection with psychological tension (at the cognitive, affective and behavioral levels), a negative connection with the meaning of life orientations and the need to find the «source» of the meaning of life at the moment. The traumatic effect of HIV infection is associated with aggressive behavior, difficulties in the meaningfulness of what is happening, with a loss of vigilance and self-confidence.


2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 99-108
Author(s):  
M.A. Shurupova ◽  
R.A. Abdurahmanov ◽  
L.I. Esejkina ◽  
T.V. Kutejnikova ◽  
D.A. Popova ◽  
...  

In addition to physical mortality, the COVID-19 pandemic has a broad psychosocial and emotional impact on all population groups. Medical workers in the hospitals are experiencing unprecedented physical and psychological difficulties. Guided by the principles of providing professional psychological assistance to health care workers and based on the analysis of international experience, the “FCBN” of the FMBA of Russia organized several forms of psychological support. The purpose of this study was to investigate the methods and results of psychological support to health care workers during the period of re-profiling hospital for patients with COVID-19. The study sample includes 578 employees of the “FCBN” of the FMBA of Russia, covered during a weekly call; 25 of them participated in "social questionnaire"; 33 people completed the MBI and GAD-7 questionnaires; more than 30 people received personal or distant consultations. The results of questionnaires show that employees reacted to the new conditions adequately. The average values of indicators on the scales "emotional exhaustion" and "depersonalization" for the group fell within the normal range for medical workers in Russia. Investigation of effectiveness of different psychological methods shows that for supporting health care workers in the new condition, the most effective were personal consultations, and to identify the actual problems of work organization and building vertical communication between staff and management – weekly calls and ≪social questionnaire≫. In conclusion, our experience has shown the importance of maintaining the functioning of psychological service to help health care workers in an emergency situation for the health system.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (152) ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
N. T. Tverezovska ◽  

The influence of emergency situations on the psychological state of the victims is shown. Their frequency, typical for the modern world, carries threats to life and personal dangers. The negative thing is that emergency situations occur suddenly and at night, are accompanied by disruption of communications, and in cases of natural disasters, a sharp deterioration in weather conditions occurs. It has been proven that 12-15% of persons in emergency situations retain self-control, the ability to rationally assess the situation, to act clearly and decisively even in the most difficult conditions. The basis for this is the level of psychological protection that is formed in everyday activities. The reaction (passive, active) of people to emergencies is revealed. In some, the sense of danger turns into feelings of doom and inevitability, they become completely helpless, confused, incapable of purposeful actions (for example, to protect). Others – under the influence of a threatening situation, they feel the rise of spiritual and physical strength, they can begin to act more persistently and tirelessly. In some people, the instinct of self-preservation causes a desire to escape, to avoid threatening circumstances, in others it mobilizes and tunes in to active actions. Speaking about assessing the negative impact of certain adverse factors that arise during emergencies, one should distinguish between normal and pathological reactions of people. In the first case, the psychological clarity of the reaction becomes important, its occurrence, as a result of an emergency, and mainly a short duration. The working capacity of a person is preserved (albeit reduced), there is contact with people around him, and a critical assessment of his actions remains. Six stages of behavior of people caught in an emergency situation are identified, the behavior of each stage is characterized. Under the influence of stress factors, there is a risk of pathological changes in the structure of the personality, which are the basis for the development of personal disharmony. To reveal individual and collective methods of protecting people in emergency situations (a person's desire to go beyond the influence of harmful factors (to avoid danger, to protect himself, etc.). Panic was revealed as the most dangerous and negative factor caused by real or perceived danger, which may involve one or more people.


Author(s):  
N.A. Lytvynenko ◽  
Yu.O. Senko ◽  
L.M. Protsyk ◽  
V.V. Davydenko ◽  
S.P. Korotchenko ◽  
...  

Tuberculosis is a severe infectious disease that negatively affects not only the physical condition of patients, but also the psychological condition of patients. The first thing — the shock of the first diagnosis of tuberculosis for the patient. The second thing — when the patient realizes that he must be treated for an unusually long time. Objective — to learn the impact of providing psychological support for the patients with tuberculosis in a phthisiatric hospital in the form of individual counseling and group classes for patients. Materials and methods. A prospective surgical study was provided to establish the level of knowledge, level of adherence to treatment of patients with tuberculosis and the degree of violation of their psycho-emotional state at the beginning of treatment, and individual counseling and group classes for patients. The study included 335 patients with multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis, who received treatment at the clinic of the National Institute of Phthisiology and Pulmonology named after F.G. Yanovsky NAMS of Ukraine on short-term and individualized regimens of antimycobacterial therapy in the framework of scientific developments. Patients received questionnaires before treatment and before discharge, counseling on tuberculosis and their psychological state, various group classes. Results and discussion. A comprehensive approach of treatment using different methods of psychological support allowed increasing the level of adherence to treatment by 32% in the group of patients who received a group classes, compared with those patients who didn’t; reduce the level of stigma by 40.5%, halve the severity anxiety disorders. Conclusions. Comprehensive psychological support should be a mandatory component in the treatment of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, which can significantly reduce stigma, improve the psychological state of patients and their adaptation in society.


Author(s):  
Kozihora M.A.

Purpose. The aim of the article is to determine the conceptual content of continuous traumatic stress and the contexts of its application. Methods. The investigation uses methods of the literature theoretical study in combination with analysis, synthesis and generalization. Results. The article presents the results of the analysis of the main psychological literature sources to determine the conceptual content of the prolonged traumatic stress concept. The main application contexts of the continuous traumatic stress concept are singled out and analyzed: the context of man - caused and natural disasters, the military context, the contexts of domestic violence and pandemics. The leading feature of continuous traumatic stress caused by disasters has been found to be that they cannot determine the exact time when one traumatic event ended and another began. A sign of prolonged traumatic stress in servicemen who are in the combat zone is that they are not only there, but also directly involved in the action. Equally important is the context of domestic violence against women and children. It was found that women who are constantly in such stressful situations, constantly feel discomfort when communicating with men. Children who experience prolonged domestic violence have broken relationships with adults and lack communication skills with peers. The introduction of quarantine in connection with a pandemic has been identified as a continuous traumatic and stressful situation. The pandemic situation has a negative impact not only on the social status, but also on the psychological state of people, including the most vulnerable groups: health workers, people with chronic diseases and the elderly. After the disease, some people experience fear, anxiety, depression, which disappear in a few months. Conclusions. The results of the study allowed us to conclude that prolonged traumatic stress indicates the impact of past, present and future stressors, which cannot be avoided. This concept is used in several contexts: man-made and natural disasters, the military context, the contexts of domestic violence and pandemics. Traumatic situations have not only social but also psychological impact, which manifests itself both immediately and sometime after a long traumatic experience.Key words: constant danger, traumatic event, domestic violence, military conflicts, psychological trauma, pandemic. Мета. Метою статті є визначення концептуального змісту тривалого травматичного стресу та контексти його застосування. Методи. У дослідженні використано методи теоретичного вивчення літератури в сукупності аналізу, синтезу й узагальнення. Результати. У статті представлено результати аналізу основних психологічних літературних джерел щодо визначення концептуального змісту поняття тривалого травматичного стресу. Виділено та проаналізовано основні контексти застосування поняття тривалого травматичного стресу: контекст техногенних і природних катастроф, військовий контекст, контексти домашнього насилля та пандемії. З’ясовано, що провідною особливістю тривалого травматичного стресу людей внаслідок катастроф є те, що вони не можуть визначити точний час моменту, коли одна травмуюча подія закінчилась, а інша розпочалася. Ознакою тривалого травматичного стресу у військовослужбовців, які перебувають у зоні проведення бойових дій, є те, що вони не тільки там перебувають, а й беруть безпосередню участь у діях. Не менш важливим є контекст домашнього насильства щодо жінок та дітей. Виявлено, що жінки, які постійно перебувають у таких стресових ситуаціях, постійно відчувають дискомфорт під час спілкування з чоловіками. У дітей, які переживають тривале домашнє насильство, порушуються зв’язки з дорослими, є недостатня кількість навичок спілкування з однолітками. Визначено, що тривалою травматичною і стресовою ситуацією є введення карантину у зв’язку з пандемією. Ситуація пандемії негативно впливає не тільки на соціальний статус, а й на психологічний стан осіб, зокрема найбільш уразливих груп: медпрацівників, осіб із хронічними захворюваннями, літніх людей. Після перенесеної хвороби деякі люди відчувають страх, занепокоєння, депресію, які за декілька місяців зникають. Висновки. Результати дослідження дали змогу дійти висновків про те, щотривалий травматичний стрес позначає вплив минулих, теперішніх та майбутніх стресорів, яких неможливо уникнути. Це поняття застосовується в декількох контекстах: техногенних та природних катастроф, військовому контексті, контекстах домашнього насильства та пандемії. Травматичні ситуації мають не лише соціальний, а й психологічний вплив, що проявляється як одразу, так і за деякий час після тривалого травматичного досвіду.Ключові слова: постійна небезпека, травмуюча подія, домашнє насильство, військові конфлікти, психологічна травма, пандемія.


Author(s):  
Bernat-Carles Serdà ◽  
Maria Aymerich ◽  
Josefina Patiño-Masó ◽  
Mònica Cunill

Healthcare professionals (HCPs) are among those most affected by the COVID-19 health emergency, with many presenting symptoms of anxiety and depression. Research shows that one of the factors involved in mitigating the impact of stressful situations is the use of cognitive emotional regulation mechanisms. The aims of this study were (a) to describe the functional and dysfunctional cognitive emotional regulation mechanisms (FRMs and DRMs) by gender, (b) to screen the main group of healthcare professionals who are candidates to receive psychological assistance based on FRMs and DRMs, and (c) to determine the HCP profile of candidates for psychological assistance. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. Data were obtained from an adhoc questionnaire—the Cognitive Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-18), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), and the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The representative sample comprised 1452 HCPs. The results revealed significant differences between men and women in the use of DRMs. Women showed a higher use of catastrophizing (≤0.001) and rumination (0.008). The screening procedure detected that 7.5% (109 cases) of the HCPs were candidates to receive psychological support. According to the results of this study, age group (30–39 years old), professional activity (being a nurse or nursing assistant), and having psychological symptoms of anxiety and depression are variables that independently increase the probability of requiring psychological assistance. The gender variable was not found to be an independent factor when it comes to receiving psychological support. In conclusion, it is necessary to consider the influence of cognitive emotional regulation strategies employed by HCPs in the screening of candidates for psychological assistance and design effective interventions to reverse the emotional distress caused by COVID-19.


Author(s):  
Gulmira Kassen ◽  
Alyia Kudaibergenova ◽  
Anar Mukasheva ◽  
Dinara Yertargynkyzy ◽  
Kuanysh Moldassan

A significant proportion of adolescents and young adults experience behavioral difficalties as they grow up. Minor disorders without control and relief can cause significant psychological problems and disorders or form dangerous life paths for a teenager. Mobile devices and applications have been actively used for over a decade to monitor and provide psychological assistance to adolescents. The aim of this study was to identify the level of effectiveness of the impact of mobile and online support for adolescents on the assessment of changes in problem behavior and psychological state of adolescents. The study involved 672 adolescents aged 13 to 15 years from one of the schools in Almaty (Kazakhstan). The participants were divided into three groups, one of which received online and mobile regular psychological support and information, the second, the support group, received support in face-to-face communication with teachers, parents and psychologists, and the third, the control group, received support only upon request from the teenager. or his parents. According to the results of the study, a survey was con-ducted on the Likert scale, in which adolescents, parents and teachers assessed the level of behavioral changes associated with the condition and behavior diffi-culties. In the experimental group, the assessment of behavioral changes reached a maximum of 4.028 on a 5-point scale of positive changes, while the other two groups lagged significantly (2.402 for the support group and 2.12 for the control group). The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of effective implementation of a support system for adolescents at school based on existing mobile devices and instant messengers without significant costs.


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