scholarly journals Breeding of High Cooking and Eating Quality in Rice by Marker-Assisted Backcrossing (MABc) Using KASP Markers

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 804
Author(s):  
Me-Sun Kim ◽  
Ju-Young Yang ◽  
Ju-Kyung Yu ◽  
Yi Lee ◽  
Yong-Jin Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Background ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Cooking And Eating Quality

The primary goals of rice breeding programs are grain quality and yield potential improvement. With the high demand for rice varieties of premium cooking and eating quality, we developed low-amylose content breeding lines crossed with Samgwang and Milkyqueen through the marker-assisted backcross (MABc) breeding program. Trait markers of the SSIIIa gene referring to low-amylose content were identified through an SNP mapping activity, and the markers were applied to select favorable lines for a foreground selection. To rapidly recover the genetic background of Samgwang (recurrent parent genome, RPG), 386 genome-wide markers were used to select BC1F1 and BC2F1 individuals. Seven BC2F1 lines with targeted traits were selected, and the genetic background recovery range varied within 97.4–99.1% of RPG. The amylose content of the selected BC2F2 grains ranged from 12.4–16.8%. We demonstrated the MABc using a trait and genome-wide markers, allowing us to efficiently select lines of a target trait and reduce the breeding cycle effectively. In addition, the BC2F2 lines confirmed by molecular markers in this study can be utilized as parental lines for subsequent breeding programs of high-quality rice for cooking and eating.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification and Genetic Variations of the Starch Synthase Gene Family in Rice

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1154
Author(s):  
Hongjia Zhang ◽  
Seong-Gyu Jang ◽  
San Mar Lar ◽  
Ah-Rim Lee ◽  
Fang-Yuan Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Catalytic Domain ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Starch Synthase ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Segmental Duplications ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
The Relationship

Starch is a major ingredient in rice, and the amylose content of starch significantly impacts rice quality. OsSS (starch synthase) is a gene family related to the synthesis of amylose and amylopectin, and 10 members have been reported. In the present study, a synteny analysis of a novel family member belonging to the OsSSIV subfamily that contained a starch synthase catalytic domain showed that three segmental duplications and multiple duplications were identified in rice and other species. Expression data showed that the OsSS gene family is involved in diverse expression patterns. The prediction of miRNA targets suggested that OsSS are possibly widely regulated by miRNA functions, with miR156s targeted to OsSSII-3, especially. Haplotype analysis exhibited the relationship between amylose content and diverse genotypes. These results give new insight and a theoretical basis for the improved amylose content and eating quality of rice.

scholarly journals Utilization of Molecular Markers for Rice Breeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Tasliah Tasliah
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Phosphate Deficiency ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Rice Breeding ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Early Maturity

Rice is the staple food for more than half of the world's population. Rice production in 2050 must increase by at least 50% to keep up with the population growth. Efforts to increase rice production continue using various strategies. Breeders apply multiple approaches including application of molecular markers in developing varieties better than the previous ones. Since the discovery of the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers in 1980s and the development of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, many types of molecular markers have been developed and applied to various crops including rice. Various molecular approaches to map genetic loci associated with rice superior traits were conducted. The mapped loci are very useful for rice breeding purposes. This paper reports the results of mapping and breeding economically important traits in rice, mainly those related to abiotic stresses, agronomic traits, yield, and yield quality. These included characters of semidwarf stature, aromatic grain, high yield potential, eating quality, higher Zn and Fe grain, more tolerant to abiotic stresses, such as salinity, drought, phosphate deficiency, Al toxicity and Fe toxicity, submergence, as well as early maturity character. The mapped characters can be transferred using marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) method into cultivated rice genotypes well-adopted by farmers. Several countries including Indonesia have benefited from this breeding method, and Indonesia have released several rice varieties developed through MABC. These include rice varieties such as Code, Angke, Inpari 30, Inpari Blas, Inpari HDB, Bio Patenggang Agritan, and Bioni 63 Ciherang Agritan

scholarly journals Genetic Control and High Temperature Effects on Starch Biosynthesis and Grain Quality in Rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Zhang ◽  
Heng Xu ◽  
Yingying Jiang ◽  
Heng Zhang ◽  
Shiyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Starch Synthesis ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Starch Structure ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Cooking And Eating Quality

Grain quality is one of the key targets to be improved for rice breeders and covers cooking, eating, nutritional, appearance, milling, and sensory properties. Cooking and eating quality are mostly of concern to consumers and mainly determined by starch structure and composition. Although many starch synthesis enzymes have been identified and starch synthesis system has been established for a long time, novel functions of some starch synthesis genes have continually been found, and many important regulatory factors for seed development and grain quality control have recently been identified. Here, we summarize the progress in this field as comprehensively as possible and hopefully reveal some underlying molecular mechanisms controlling eating quality in rice. The regulatory network of amylose content (AC) determination is emphasized, as AC is the most important index for rice eating quality (REQ). Moreover, the regulatory mechanism of REQ, especially AC influenced by high temperature which is concerned as a most harmful environmental factor during grain filling is highlighted in this review.

scholarly journals Glycemic Index of Selected Indian Rice Varieties

2020 ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
M. Mohibbe Azam ◽  
Afifa Jahan ◽  
K. Uma Maheshwari ◽  
T. Ram ◽  
Amtul Waris
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Cooking And Eating Quality

Aims: For prevention and management of type II diabetes among rice eating population, consumption of rice with lower Glycemic Index (GI) is highly desirable as low GI food decreases plasma glucose levels and plasma insulin demand. As there is paucity of information on the GIs of commonly consumed rice varieties in India, the aim of this study was to determine GI of selected five rice varieties, and to find relationship of GI with their cooking and eating quality traits. Study Design, Place and Duration: In vivo experiment was conducted at PG&RC, PJTS Agricultural University, Hyderabad, India, during March, 2017 to February, 2018. During this period, cooking and eating quality traits of selected rice varieties were determined in ICAR- Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India. Methodology: GIs were determined by feeding10 fasted human subjects a fixed portion of foods and subsequently measuring plasma glucose of their blood samples at specific interval of time and GIs were calculated using standard formula. Cooking and eating quality traits were determined using standard procedure. Results: The estimated GI values were 56.38(SEM 1.57), 59.23(SEM 1.02), 71.73 (SEM 1.75), 87.40 (SEM 1.90), and 94.05 (SEM 1.21), respectively for Sampada, Dhanrasi, DRR Dhan 42, DRR Dhan 43, and Jarava. Alkali spreading value (ASV), Gel consistency (GC), and Water uptake (WU) values of these five varieties ranged from 4 to 6, 22 mm to 54.5 mm, and 80 ml/ 100 g to 255 ml/100 g, respectively. Conclusion: Two varieties were identified with moderate GI values (Sampada, 56.38 ± 1.57; Dhanrasi, 59.23± 1.02). These varieties can prove to be a healthier option to incorporate in nutritional therapeutic diet. It is also concluded that lower ASV, higher GC, and lower WU, are good predictors for lower GIs of rice varieties. These relationships may be used for screening of low GI rice cultivars in breeding programme.

scholarly journals Dynamic Insertion of Pot3 in AvrPib Prevailing in a Field Rice Blast Population in the Philippines Led to the High Virulence Frequency Against the Resistance Gene Pib in Rice

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 870-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toluwase Olukayode ◽  
Berlaine Quime ◽  
Yin-Chi Shen ◽  
Mary Jeannie Yanoria ◽  
Suobing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Avirulence Gene ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The Magnaporthe oryzae avirulence gene AvrPib is required for the resistance mediated by its cognate resistance gene Pib, which has been intensively used in indica rice breeding programs in many Asian countries. However, the sequence diversity of AvrPib among geographically distinct M. oryzae populations was recently shown to be increasing. Here, we selected a field population consisting of 248 rice blast isolates collected from a disease hotspot in Philippine for the analysis of AvrPib haplotypes and their pathogenicity against Pib. We found that all of the isolates were virulent to Pib and each of them contained an insertion of Pot3 transposon in AvrPib. Moreover, Pot3 insertion was detected in different genomic positions, resulting in three different AvrPib haplotypes, designated avrPib-H1 to H3. We further conducted a genome-wide Pot2 fingerprinting analysis by repetitive element palindromic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and identified seven different lineages out of 47 representative isolates. The isolates belonging to the same lineage often had the same AvrPib haplotype. In contrast, the isolates having the same AvrPib haplotypes did not always belong to the same lineages. Both mating types MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 were identified in the population in Bohol and the latter appeared dominant. On the host side, we found that 32 of 52 released rice varieties in the Philippines contained Pib diagnosed by PCR gene-specific primers and DNA sequencing of gene amplicons, suggesting that it was widely incorporated in different rice varieties. Our study highlights the genetic dynamics of rice blast population at both the AvrPib locus and the genome-wide levels, providing insight into the mechanisms of the mutations in AvrPib leading to the breakdown of Pib-mediated resistance in rice.

scholarly journals Rapid identification of a new gene influencing low amylose content in rice landraces (Oryza sativa L.) using genome-wide association study with specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing

Genome ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 465-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinghai Yang ◽  
Baoxuan Nong ◽  
Xiuzhong Xia ◽  
Zongqiong Zhang ◽  
Yu Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Study ◽  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Rice Landraces ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
New Gene ◽  
Specific Locus

Starch is the major component of milled rice, and amylose content (AC) affects eating quality. In this study, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) with specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) data was performed for AC on a core collection of 419 rice landraces. Using the compressed mixed linear method based on the Q+K model, we identified a new gene, LAC6 (Chr6: 5.65–6.04 Mb), associated with AC in the low amylose content panel. The LAC6 candidate gene was detected by qRT-PCR in rice panicles. Results indicate that LOC_Os06g11130 was up-regulated, and LOC_Os06g11340 was significantly down-regulated, making it most likely a key candidate gene of LAC6. In conclusion, the findings provide a certain theoretiacal basis of molecular biology for genetic improvement of AC in rice and rice quality variety breeding.

Effects of Spraying Zinc and Multiple Nutrient Elements on Quality of Aromatic Rice

2012 ◽  
Vol 460 ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Zhen Jiang Xu ◽  
Li Zhong Xiao ◽  
Hong Liu ◽  
Yong Hao Ren ◽  
Zhi Lin Li
Keyword(s):  
Amylose Content ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Nutrient Elements ◽  
Aromatic Rice ◽  
Milled Rice ◽  
Nutrient Quality ◽  
Cooking And Eating Quality ◽  
Heading Stage

Using two conventional aromatic rice cultivars and one hybrid aromatic rice combination, effects on the quality of aromatic rice were studied by spraying zinc and other multiple nutrient elements under the field experiment.The results showed that by spraying Zn, ZnMg，ZnMgK and ZnMgKFeCu MoCoB on heading stage and followed on the 7th and 14th day after the heading stage, the rate of brown rice, milled rice and head rice, the score of aroma and eating and the content of protein were improved, the chalky rice rate, chalkiness and amylose content were reduced and at the same time the length of rice gel was elongated, therefore the processing quality, appearance quality, cooking and eating quality and nutrient quality of aromatic rice were improved to some extent. The highest quality of aromatic rice was achieved by spraying the combination of Zn and all the other multiple nutrient elements, followed by spraying ZnMgK, ZnMg and Zn solely.

APPRAISAL OF MAJOR DETERMINANTS OF RICE PRODUCTION AND FARMERS’ CHOICE OF RICE IDEOTYPES IN SOUTH SUDAN: IMPLICATIONS FOR BREEDING AND POLICY INTERVENTIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-156
Author(s):  
M. MOGGA ◽  
J. SIBIYA ◽  
H. SHIMELIS ◽  
J. LAMO ◽  
N. OCHANDA
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
South Sudan ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Poor Access ◽  
Cooking And Eating Quality

SUMMARYRice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important staple crop in South Sudan. Current rice consumption in the country is approximately 23,000 mg year−1 of which more than 75% is imported. We investigated farmers’ perceived rice production and productivity constraints and choice of rice ideotypes across rainfed and irrigated rice agro-ecologies in South Sudan to guide breeding and policy interventions. Data were gathered through participatory rural approaches and a formal structured survey involving 136 rice farmers from major rice growing areas of South Sudan. Farmers generally cultivated old rice varieties with low yields varying from 0.4 to 1.6 mg ha−1. Pair-wise ranking based on respondents score indicated yield, early maturity, cooking and eating quality, nutritional importance and drought tolerance as the most desirable traits of rice ideotypes. Further, imported rice varieties were best ranked for their sweet and appealing taste, rich aroma, grain shape and size, swelling capacity and non-stickiness during cooking. Major perceived constraints to rice production were unreliable rainfall, poor access to credit facilities, poor soil and water management practices, poor rice storage facilities, inadequate and poor processing machines as well as limited technical skills in rice production. The results show a need for integration of farmers’ and stakeholders’ preferences in variety development process and the desirability of releasing site-specific rice cultivars given the differences in bio-physical, socio-cultural and farmers preferences across major rice growing areas of South Sudan.

scholarly journals Indigenous Knowledge Cultivation of Local Rice Varieties “Siam Mutiara” and “Siam Saba” at Tidal Swampland

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Izhar Khairullah
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Tidal Swamp ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
High Yield Potential

Tidal swampland at present and in the future is very strategic as one of the national food barns considering sloping of productive land. In South Kalimantan, for example, tidal swamp paddy fields are available which is quite large, but the most are still planted with local varieties. More than 70% of rice cultivation in the tidal swampland is planted with various local varieties. The existence of local rice varieties is inseparable from its adaptability and acceptability factors. Among local varieties that are popular and widely planted by farmers are Siam Saba and Siam Mutiara varieties. Siam Saba and Siam Mutiara were released as local-improved varieties. Both of these varieties have their respective advantages, both from the distribution of plant adaptation and the potential benefits of yield. Siam Saba variety is widespread in tidal swampland of acid sulfate soil types and soils that are seawater intrusion in the dry season (near the coast) with A/B overflow type, while Siam Mutiara in acid sulfate tidal paddy fields with B / C overflow type. Some of the advantages of Siam Saba compared to other local varieties are high yield potential of 4.70 t / ha, a large number of tillers, small and slender grain shape, white rice color, and amylose content of 81.69%. Whereas improved of Siam Mutiara is high yield potential of 4.80 t / ha, the color of clean yellow grain, the color of clear and translucent rice such as pearl, and amylose content of 48.88%. Both varieties showed uniform in growth, flowering time, and ripening simultaneously, in mature panicles with almost no green grains, and a high percentage of unfertile grains. Local rice cultivation technology (Siam Saba and Siam Mutiara) indigenous knowledge here includes seedbed, transplanting, land preparation, fertilizing, pest disease control, harvest, and post-harvest processing or yields carried out by indigenous farmers. This indigenous cultivation technology until now in tidal swamp paddy fields of South Kalimantan is still widely practiced by farmers, especially for ownership of narrow or limited rice fields. There were advantages and disadvantages of each in the practice of indigenous cultivation technology.

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