scholarly journals Influence of Manufacturing Parameters and Post Processing on the Electrical Conductivity of Extrusion-Based 3D Printed Nanocomposite Parts

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén Paz ◽  
Rocío Moriche ◽  
Mario Monzón ◽  
Joshua García
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Surface Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Consequent Reduction ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Manufacturing Parameters

The influence of manufacturing parameters of filament extrusion and extrusion-based Additive Manufacturing (AM), as well as different post processing techniques, on the electrical conductivity of 3D printed parts of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP)-reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) has been analyzed. The key role of the manufacturing parameters to obtain electrically conductive filaments and 3D printed parts has been demonstrated. Results have shown that an increase in extrusion speed, as well as lower land lengths, induces higher extrudate swelling, with the consequent reduction of the electrical conductivity. Additionally, filaments with lower diameter values, which result in a higher surface-to-cross-section ratio, have considerably lower electrical conductivities. These factors tune the values of the volume and surface electrical conductivity between 10−4–100 S/m and 10−8–10−3 S/sq, respectively. The volume and surface electrical conductivity considerably diminished after 3D printing. They increased when using higher printing layer thickness and width and were ranging between 10−7–10−4 S/m and 10−8–10−5 S/sq, respectively. This is attributed to the higher cross section area of the individual printed lines. The effect of different post processing (acetone vapor polishing, plasma and neosanding, which is a novel finishing process) on 3D printed parts in morphology and surface electrical conductivity was also analyzed.

scholarly journals On the Post-Processing of 3D-Printed ABS Parts

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1559
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Khosravani ◽  
Jonas Schüürmann ◽  
Filippo Berto ◽  
Tamara Reinicke
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Fracture Load ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Dog Bone ◽  
3D Printed

Application of Additive Manufacturing (AM) has significantly increased in the past few years. AM also known as three-dimensional (3D) printing has been currently used in fabrication of prototypes and end-use products. Considering the new applications of additively manufactured components, it is necessary to study structural details of these parts. In the current study, influence of a post-processing on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed parts has been investigated. To this aim, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) material was used to produce test coupons based on the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process. More in deep, a device was designed and fabricated to fix imperfection and provide smooth surfaces on the 3D-printed ABS specimens. Later, original and treated specimens were subjected to a series of tensile loads, three-point bending tests, and water absorption tests. The experimental tests indicated fracture load in untreated dog-bone shaped specimen was 2026.1 N which was decreased to 1951.7 N after surface treatment. Moreover, the performed surface treatment was lead and decrease in tensile strength from 29.37 MPa to 26.25 MPa. Comparison of the results confirmed effects of the surface modification on the fracture toughness of the examined semi-circular bending components. Moreover, a 3D laser microscope was used for visual investigation of the specimens. The documented results are beneficial for next designs and optimization of finishing processes.

Mechanical properties and thermal and electrical conductivity of 3D printed ABS-copper ferrite composites via 3D printing technique

2019 ◽  
pp. 089270571986940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khairul Amali Hamzah ◽  
Cheow Keat Yeoh ◽  
Mazlee Mohd Noor ◽  
Pei Leng Teh ◽  
Yah Yun Aw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Composite Specimen ◽  
Copper Ferrite ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Ferrite Composites ◽  
Order Increase ◽  
3D Printing Technique

This study examines the effect of particulate reinforcement on the mechanical properties of 3D printed acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS). Copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) as a reinforcer with various loadings was used to print ABS composite specimen, namely, 8, 11 and 14 wt%. Mechanical testing such as tensile test and hardness test was performed on the printed samples. Specimens with 14 wt% of CuFe2O4 showed a 135% increase in tensile strength compared to the pure ABS specimens. Specimens printed with 14 wt% of CuFe2O4 are 14% harder compared to the pure ABS specimens. Thermal conductivity increased 93% for specimen loaded with 14 wt% reinforcer. Electrical conductivity shows a one-order increase for composite specimen compared to control specimen.

scholarly journals Assessment of Manufacturing Parameters for New 3D-Printed Heating Circuits Based on CNT-Doped Nanocomposites Processed by UV-Assisted Direct Write

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7534
Author(s):  
Alejandro Cortés ◽  
Alberto Jiménez-Suárez ◽  
Mónica Campo ◽  
Alejandro Ureña ◽  
Silvia G. Prolongo
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Direct Write ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Printed Circuits ◽  
Self Heating ◽  
Great Homogeneity ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Manufacturing Parameters

This work consists of the development of an easy strategy to transform any structure into an efficient surface heater by the application of a low voltage over 3D printed nanocomposite circuits. To this end, the electrical conductivity and self-heating capabilities of UV-Assisted Direct Write 3D printed circuits doped with carbon nanotubes were widely explored as a function of the number of printed layers. Moreover, an optimization of the printing process was carried out by comparing the accuracy and printability obtained when printing with two different configurations: extruding and curing the ink in the same stage or curing the extruded ink in a second stage, after the whole layer was deposited. In this regard, the great homogeneity and repeatability of the heating showed by the four-layer printed circuits, together with their excellent performance for long heating times, proved their applicability to convert any structure to a surface heater. Finally, the deicing capability of the four-layer circuit was demonstrated, being able to remove a 2.5 mm thick ice layer in 4 min and 4 s.

scholarly journals Experimental Analysis of Electrical Conductivity of the 3D Printed Graphene

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 3316-3321
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Equivalent Circuit ◽  
Piezoelectric Material ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Ethyl Cellulose ◽  
Material System ◽  
Direct Ink Writing ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Processing Steps

To develop a 3D printed material system for extracting the electrical conductivity of the piezoelectric material, to fabricate the integrated piezoelectric prototype and it’s always have a good availability with the more number of variety of materials for making with special characteristics. This paper introduces with direct ink writing method for printing the piezoelectric material by using multi materials such as terphinal, ethyl cellulose, methanol and graphene. The materials and processing steps for the manufacturing the 3d printed piezoelectric component, the individual material characteristics and the equivalent circuit is provided. Electrical Conductivity analysis on the 3D printed piezoelectric done with the above mentioned material and the result has been discussed by using the four point probe method.

scholarly journals The effect of steam sterilization on different 3D printable materials for surgical use in veterinary medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Dautzenberg ◽  
Holger A. Volk ◽  
Nikolaus Huels ◽  
Lena Cieciora ◽  
Katharina Dohmen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Steam Sterilization ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Before And After ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printed Materials ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Surgical Templates

Abstract Background Different 3D-printed materials polyactic acid (PLA), polyamide (PA), polycarbonates (PC), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and GreenTEC Pro®I have been considered for surgical templates, but there is a sparity of data about how these materials are affected by steam sterilization. The aim of the current study was to test if and how these materials change morphologically when high temperature, pressure and humidity are applied during the steam sterilization process. The overall aim is to create patient-specific sawing templates for performing corrective osteotomies. After the designing process, test-specimens with five different materials: PLA, PC, ABS, PA and GreenTEC Pro® were 3D-printed in two filling grades (30 and 100%). The FDM method was used for printing. After 3D-printing, the test-specimens were steam sterilized with a standard program lasting 20 min, at a temperature of 121 °C and a pressure of 2–3 bar. In order to measure the deviation of the printed model, we measured the individual test-specimens before and after steam sterilization using a sliding gauge. Results PC, PA and ABS showed great morphological deviations from the template after 3D-printing and steam sterilization (> 1%) respectively. ABS proved unsuitable for steam sterilization. PLA and GreenTEC Pro® demonstrated fewer morphological deviations both before and after sterilization. Therefore, we decided to perform a second test just with PLA and Green-TEC Pro® to find out which material has the highest stability and is probably able to be used for clinical application. The smallest deviations were found with the GreenTEC Pro® solid body. After autoclaving, the specimens showed a deviation from the planned body and remained below the 1% limit. Conclusion Steam sterilization causes morphological deviations in 3D printed objects. GreenTEC Pro® seems to be a suitable material for clinical use, not only for intraoperative use, but also for precise modeling. Microbiological examination, as well as biomechanical tests, should be performed to further assess whether intraoperative use is possible.

scholarly journals Essential work of fracture assessment of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) processed via fused filament fabrication additive manufacturing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawan Verma ◽  
Jabir Ubaid ◽  
Andreas Schiffer ◽  
Atul Jain ◽  
Emilio Martínez-Pañeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Essential Work ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Essential Work Of Fracture ◽  
Fracture Properties ◽  
Raster Angle ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printing Direction ◽  
Work Of Fracture ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

AbstractExperiments and finite element (FE) calculations were performed to study the raster angle–dependent fracture behaviour of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) thermoplastic processed via fused filament fabrication (FFF) additive manufacturing (AM). The fracture properties of 3D-printed ABS were characterized based on the concept of essential work of fracture (EWF), utilizing double-edge-notched tension (DENT) specimens considering rectilinear infill patterns with different raster angles (0°, 90° and + 45/− 45°). The measurements showed that the resistance to fracture initiation of 3D-printed ABS specimens is substantially higher for the printing direction perpendicular to the crack plane (0° raster angle) as compared to that of the samples wherein the printing direction is parallel to the crack (90° raster angle), reporting EWF values of 7.24 kJ m−2 and 3.61 kJ m−2, respectively. A relatively high EWF value was also reported for the specimens with + 45/− 45° raster angle (7.40 kJ m−2). Strain field analysis performed via digital image correlation showed that connected plastic zones existed in the ligaments of the DENT specimens prior to the onset of fracture, and this was corroborated by SEM fractography which showed that fracture proceeded by a ductile mechanism involving void growth and coalescence followed by drawing and ductile tearing of fibrils. It was further shown that the raster angle–dependent strength and fracture properties of 3D-printed ABS can be predicted with an acceptable accuracy by a relatively simple FE model considering the anisotropic elasticity and failure properties of FFF specimens. The findings of this study offer guidelines for fracture-resistant design of AM-enabled thermoplastics. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals The Chosen Aspects of Skew Rolling of Hollow Stepped Shafts

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 764
Author(s):  
Jarosław Bartnicki ◽  
Yingxiang Xia ◽  
Xuedao Shu
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Rolling Mill ◽  
Metal Flow ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Flow Mechanisms ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Skew Rolling

The paper presents chosen aspects of the skew rolling process of hollow stepped products with the use of a skew rolling mill designed and manufactured at the Lublin University of Technology. This machine is characterized by the numerical control of spacing between the working rolls and the sequence of the gripper axial movement, which allows for the individual programming of the obtained shapes of parts such as stepped axles and shafts. The length of these zones and the values of possibly realizable cross-section reduction and obtained outlines are the subject of this research paper. The chosen results regarding the influence of the technological parameters used on the course of the process are shown in the present study. Numerical modelling using the finite element method in Simufact Forming, as well as the results of experimental tests performed in a skew rolling mill, were applied in the conducted research. The work takes into account the influence of cross-section reduction of the hollow parts and the feed rate per rotation on the metal flow mechanisms in the skew rolling process. The presented results concern the obtained dimensional deviations and changes in the wall thickness determining the proper choice of technological parameters for hollow parts formed by the skew rolling method. Knowledge about the cause of the occurrence of these limitations is very important for the development of this technology and the choice of the process parameters.

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