scholarly journals Experiment and Simulation Research on the Fatigue Wear of Aircraft Tire Tread Rubber

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1143
Author(s):  
Jian Wu ◽  
Long Chen ◽  
Da Chen ◽  
Youshan Wang ◽  
Benlong Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Test ◽  
Slip Angle ◽  
Root Radius ◽  
Fatigue Wear ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
The Road ◽  
Strip Shape ◽  
Pattern Structures ◽  
Draft Angle ◽  
Groove Structure

The road surface and the tread pattern structures directly affect the wear performance of aircraft tire, especially for lateral sliding conditions. In this paper, wear tests of tread block with different draft angles and root radiuses, different interfaces, and different slip angles were carried out, and combined with the simulation, the effects of tread groove structure and slip angle on the wear mechanism were analyzed. Results indicated that the influences of draft angle were greater than the root radius; the wear geometry of the tread block decreased when the draft angle increased in the range of 0° to 15°, but for the root radius, the wear geometry of each sample was similar to a strip shape. A considerable material loss occurred at the front edge when the slip angle increased, and the slip angle was larger in the range of 0° to 45°. Combined with the simulation and wear test, fatigue wear and abrasive wear of the slide surface are dominant factors when considering the effects of tread groove structure and slip angle, and both front edges of the tread blocks roll up repeatedly; the coefficient decreases with the increase in load when the cement concrete pavement interface is dry, but for a wet interface, the coefficient decreases softly.

An Implicit to Explicit FEA Solving of Tire F&M with Detailed Tread Blocks

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Li ◽  
Ziran R. Li ◽  
Yuanming M. Xia
Keyword(s):  
Test System ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Friction Model ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Slip Angle ◽  
Slip Ratio ◽  
The Road ◽  
Numerical Noise ◽  
Nonlinear Stress ◽  
Solving Strategy

ABSTRACT A detailed tire-rolling model (185/75R14), using the implicit to explicit FEA solving strategy, was constructed to provide a reliable, dynamic simulation with several modeling features, including mesh, material modeling, and a solving strategy that could contribute to the consideration of the serious numerical noises. High-quality hexahedral meshes of tread blocks were obtained with a combined mapping method. The actual rubber distributing and nonlinear, stress-strain relationship of the rubber and bilinear elastic reinforcement were modeled for realism. In addition, a tread-rubber friction model obtained from the Laboratory Abrasion and Skid Tester (LAT 100) was applied to simulate the interaction of the tire with the road. The force and moment (F&) behaviors of tire cornering when subjected to a slip-angle sweep of −10 to 10° were studied with that model. To demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed simulation, the computed F&M were compared with experimental results from an MTS Flat-Trac Tire Test System. The computed cornering F&M agreed well with the experimental results, so the footprint shape and contact pressure distribution of several cornering conditions were investigated. Furthermore, the longitudinal forces in response to braking/driving torque application in a slip-ratio range of −100% to 100% were computed. The proposed FEA solution confines the numerical noise within a smaller range and can serve as a valid tool in tire design.

Change in Backlash of Humanoid Robot Joints under High Load

2013 ◽  
Vol 372 ◽  
pp. 507-511
Author(s):  
Hitonobu Koike ◽  
Kenji Kanemasu ◽  
Kiyoto Itakura ◽  
Shota Okazaki ◽  
Masahiro Takamiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
High Load ◽  
Fatigue Wear ◽  
Load Torque ◽  
Ether Ether Ketone ◽  
Poly Ether Ether Ketone ◽  
Joint Evaluation

In this work, wear of reinforced poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) polymer bushes in friction against 7075 aluminium alloy cam plates or titanium crankshafts is investigated in order to establish the application possibilities in transmission parts in humanoid robot joints under high load torque. The PEEK bush wear requires close examination as well as the input axis-output axis transmission error (backlash). Sliding wear tests were performed on bushes under 4000 kgfcm (392 Nm) load torque, while the cam plate oscillated in the humanoid robot leg joint evaluation system. The robot joint using PEEK bush achieved quite small backlash after the fatigue wear test.

scholarly journals Effect of Gas Nitriding on Interface Adhesion and Surface Damage of CL60 Railway Wheels under Rolling Contact Conditions

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 911
Author(s):  
Qiang Wu ◽  
Tao Qin ◽  
Mingxue Shen ◽  
Kangjie Rong ◽  
Guangyao Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Rolling Contact Fatigue ◽  
Contact Fatigue ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Wheel Surface ◽  
Fatigue Wear ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Surface Protection ◽  
Gas Nitriding ◽  
Railway Wheels

The influence of surface gas nitriding on wheel/rail rolling contact fatigue and wear behavior of CL60 wheel was studied on a new rolling contact fatigue/wear tester (JD-DRCF/M). The failure mechanisms of the wheel/rail surface after the gas nitriding and without gas nitriding on the wheel surface were compared and analyzed. The results show that the wheel with gas nitriding could form a dense and hard white bright layer which was approximately 25 μm thick and a diffusion layer which was approximately 70 μm thick on the wheel surface. Thus, the gas nitriding on the railway wheel not only significantly improved the wear resistance on the surface of the wheel, but also effectively reduced the wear of the rail; the results show that the material loss reduced by 58.05% and 10.77%, respectively. After the wheel surface was subjected to gas nitriding, the adhesive coefficient between the wheel/rail was reduced by 11.7% in dry conditions, and was reduced by 18.4% in water media, but even so, the wheel with gas nitriding still could keep a satisfactory adhesive coefficient between the wheel/rail systems, which can prevent the occurrence of phenomena such as wheel-slip. In short, the gas nitriding on the wheel surface can effectively reduce the wear, and improve the rolling contact fatigue resistance of the wheel/rail system. This study enlarges the application field of gas nitriding and provides a new method for the surface protection of railway wheels in heavy-duty transportation.

A Laboratory Method to Comprehensively Evaluate Abrasion, Traction and Rolling Resistance of Tire Tread Compounds

2007 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 580-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Heinz ◽  
K. A. Grosch
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Slip Angle ◽  
Testing Conditions ◽  
Side Force ◽  
The Road ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
On The Road

Abstract A laboratory test method has been developed which allows the evaluation of diverse properties of tire tread compounds on the same sample. The laboratory test instrument consists of a rotating abrasive disk against which a rubber sample wheel runs under a given load, slip angle and speed. All three force components acting on the wheel during the tests are recorded. By changing the variable values over a wide range practically all severities encountered in tire wear are covered. The well-known fact that compound ratings depend on the road testing conditions is verified. Most compounds are only significantly distinguishable against a control over a limited range of testing conditions. Using a road test simulation computer program based on the laboratory data shows that not only ratings correspond to practical experience but also calculated absolute tire life times do. Tests on surfaces of different coarseness and sharpness indicate that sharp coarse surfaces give the best results with road tests, which of necessity are mostly carried out on public roads of differing constitution. The abrasive surface can be wetted with water at different temperatures and hence either the friction force at a locked wheel or the side force at a slipping wheel can be measured over a wide range of temperatures and speeds. At small slip angles the side force is dominated by dynamic cornering stiffness of the compound, at large slip angles by the friction coefficient. In this case, too, good correlations to road experience exist over a limited range of testing conditions. Low water temperatures and low slip speed settings in the laboratory produce side force ratings, which correlate closely with ABS braking on the road High and higher slip speeds give ratings in close agreement with locked wheel braking on the road. A heatable/coolable disk enables traction measurements on ice and newly abrasion measurements on surfaces at elevated surface temperature. Ice surface temperatures between −5 °C and −25 °C are possible. Friction measurements show that the difference in compound rating between summer and winter compounds is maintained over the whole temperature range. New investigations show not only a differentiation between different winter tire treads qualities but also an excellent correlation between tire and laboratory results. As a new topic side force measurements on dry surfaces highlight the correlation to dry handling of tires. The tire tread compound contributes to this performance through its shear stiffness and its friction coefficient. The shear stiffness contributes to the response of the tire in directional changes. The friction coefficient determines the maximum force, which can be transmitted. A simple operation possibility for evaluation of determined side forces is demonstrated. In addition to antecedent investigations the rolling resistance of the rubber wheel can be measured over a range of loads and speeds with the slip angle set at zero. Again for these new results good correlations are achieved with practical experience. In particular, the dependence of the rolling resistance on the velocity and loads are pointed out. Ultimately a good correlation between tire test and laboratory test results was demonstrated.

Influence of the Degree of Cold Drawing over the Wear Test and XRD Analysis of Pipes Used for Dampers

2014 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
Bogdan Istrate ◽  
Corneliu Munteanu ◽  
Petru Simion ◽  
Vasile Dia ◽  
Petru Avram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Test ◽  
Cold Drawing ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Test Point ◽  
Suspension System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Steel Material

Dumpers have studied intensively in the last years and they are the main parts of the suspension system with vertical oscillations role in the absorption of the automobile. The combination of suspension coil with dumper is forming the main body of the suspension system. Dumpers are mainly used for production of automotive industry. The influence of the degree of cold drawing on the mechanical properties of the carbon steel material were studied for the XRD and wear test point of view using microtribometer and diffractometer test machines. The purpose of the work is to observe the main effects of the degree of reduction at different gradations by analysing the X-Ray diffraction – crystallographic determination and scratch test by observing the wear tracks. It was finally measured the loss of material during the wear test, the sample with the highest grade of plastic deformation had the lowest material loss.

scholarly journals Black Spot Analysis on National Highway in Palembang

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sartika Nisumanti ◽  
◽  
Febryandi Febryandi ◽  
Yunita Mentari
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
National Highway ◽  
The Sacrifice ◽  
Spot Analysis ◽  
Main Factor

In the last five years, the number of accidents that have been occurred in Palembang, South Sumatra Province reached 7.016 incidents. This research aims to discover the characteristics of traffic accidents and accident-prone (black spot) locations. The characteristic of a traffic accidents will be analyzed by questionnaire, while the black spot analysis will be investigated based on the frequency (death, seriously injured), INDII Aus-Aid and AEK. The result of the components of accidents presented that the road users was the main factor of traffic accidents with around 83 %, 87% of incidents happened less than 3 (three) every month, and 47 % of the sacrifice of seriously injured, in which the highest gender victims was male (83%). The Black Spot analysis outcome at Soekarno Hatta Street located at STA 23 + 500, in which Soekarno Hatta Street experienced the most common traffic disaster with 110 of the circumstances were 31 casualty who passed away, 39 heavily wounded, and the material loss gained Rp. 10.439.901.000.

scholarly journals Modelling and Simulation of Skid Prediction in a Passenger Car

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S3) ◽  
pp. 854-859
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Modelling And Simulation ◽  
Slip Angle ◽  
Closed Loop System ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Vehicle Handling ◽  
The Road ◽  
Driving Scenario

The vehicle handling is defined as the responsiveness of a vehicle to the driver input. The driver and vehicle is a closed loop system where the driver observes the direction or position of the vehicle in order to correct his input to achieve the desired motion. It is required for the driver to safely ride the vehicle particularly during cornering, acceleration and braking in order to avoid skidding. The skid occurring in a vehicle is a condition in automobile handling where one or more tyres slip relative to the road and the overall vehicle handling gets affected. Tire slip and related slip angle describe the performance of an individual tire. The cornering behaviour of a vehicle is one of the important modes in handling. In this project, a mathematical model is build using MATLAB-SIMULINK for a passenger car undergoing cornering. The steer angles for various speeds and radius of turns are determined and the results are displayed in the form of graphs. An app is designed using the MATLAB app designer which predicts the type of skid- under steer, over steer or neutral steer while the vehicle is undergoing cornering. This system is then simulated in the real time environment with the help of IPG Carmaker and driving scenario designer app in MATLAB and the corresponding results are noted

scholarly journals Tribological Properties of Solid Solution Strengthened Laser Cladded NiCrBSi/WC-12Co Metal Matrix Composite Coatings

Materials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 342
Author(s):  
Zoran Bergant ◽  
Barbara Šetina Batič ◽  
Imre Felde ◽  
Roman Šturm ◽  
Marko Sedlaček
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Fatigue Wear ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Nicrbsi Coating ◽  
Disc Configuration

NiCrBSi, WC-12Co and NiCrBSi with 30, 40 and 50 wt.% WC-12Co coatings were produced on low carbon steel by laser cladding with an Nd:YAG laser with a multi-jet coaxial cladding-nozzle. The microstructure properties after WC-12Co alloying were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and Vickers hardness tests. The resulting microstructures consisted of a γ-Ni and Ni3B matrix, strengthened with Co and W, Ni3Si, CrB, Cr7C3, Cr23C6, WC/W2C phases. In coatings with 30, 40 and 50 wt.% WC-12Co, a solid solution, strengthened multi-matrix NiCrWCo phase formed, which yielded a higher matrix hardness. Wear tests that monitored the friction coefficients were performed with a tribometer that contained a ball-on-disc configuration, Al2O3 counter-body and reciprocal sliding mode at room temperature. The major wear mode on the NiCrBSi coatings without the WC-12Co was adhesive with a high wear rate and visible material loss by flaking, delamination and micro-ploughing. The addition of WC-12Co to the NiCrBSi coating significantly increased the wear resistance and changed the major wear mechanism from adhesion to three-body abrasion and fatigue wear.

scholarly journals Wear Characteristics of AISI 310 Grade Stainless Steel Material by Carbonitriding Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 01024
Author(s):  
Manne Vamshi ◽  
Animesh Bain ◽  
M. Sreekanth ◽  
Ram Subbiah
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Case Depth ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Steel Material ◽  
Stainless Steel Material ◽  
Strong Adhesion

The investigation on the microstructure and mechanical behaviour of steel AISI 310 has been carried out during a Carbonitriding process aiming to improve the wear performance. The comparison study was made to treated specimens with untreated sample. Carbonitriding is a viable technique to enhance the wear resistance of the stainless steel material. The present study focused in the direction of investigating the effect of microstructure, hardness and wear resistance of AISI 310 stainless steel material. In carbonitriding process the case depth was found to be from 13, 16.5 and 19 Microns which is treated 2 hrs, 4hrs and 6 hrs respectively. The combination action of strong adhesion, abrasion and severe plastic deformation are the primary reasons for the continuous material loss in the untreated specimens during testing. The Optical microscope, SEM analysis and wear test are conducted to find out the various results.

Abrasive Wear: Design of Experiment (DOE) for Determining the Wear on Crowns Used by Drilling Companies for Mineral Surveys

2013 ◽  
Vol 660 ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Zirlene Alves da Silva Santos ◽  
Jefferson Januário Mendes ◽  
Adilson Rodrigues da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Design Of Experiment ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Controllable Factors

Currently companies seek performance improvement for equipment and components, and an important factor that influences performance is wear. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the applicability of a methodology that was developed using literature, field research, brainstorming, optical microscopy, statistical analysis.Wear tests for drilling crown samplesfor the production process were performed. - The crown’s chemical composition was analyzed to see if it was appropriate for the soil’s mineral lithology. Having done this, a statistical analysis was made. using Minitab 16 software, specifically applying DOE (2Kfactorial) technique. With the statistical result, a prototype was produced and subjected to a wear test for analysis of material loss compared to crowns having a better performance.Thus, the conclusion reached was that the planning process improves withthis experimental probing, which helps to identify and correct controllable factors.

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