scholarly journals Performance of Anaerobic Baffled Reactor for Decentralized Wastewater Treatment in Urban Malang, Indonesia

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anie Yulistyorini ◽  
Miller Camargo-Valero ◽  
Sukarni Sukarni ◽  
Nugroho Suryoputro ◽  
Mujiyono Mujiyono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

In order to assess the impact of the Sanitation by Communities (SANIMAS) program for community-led sanitation in Indonesia (established in 2002), this research work was conducted with the aim of characterizing the current performance of anaerobic baffled reactors (ABRs), which were deployed in high numbers for the provision of domestic wastewater treatment in densely populated urban areas in Malang (Indonesia). Small and decentralized sewage treatment facilities serve ≈3% of the total population in Malang, including 89 ABR treatment plants. Our findings reveal that only 14% of the 89 ABRs in Malang have an acceptable performance with regard to pollutant removal and integrity of their building structure, but the majority of them produce a treated effluent of poor quality, according to discharge consents set by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia (Regulation No. P.68/2016). Clearly the lack of consistent operation and maintenance practices have had a detrimental effect on these decentralized sewage treatment systems, despite their robustness and buffer capacity to cope with changes in organic and hydraulic loading rates. Urbanization will continue to exert pressure on the provision of sanitation services in lower and middle economies, and the role of decentralized sewage management systems is expected to be prominent in the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals era (2015–2030); however, sustainable service delivery must be conceived beyond the provision of sanitation infrastructure.

scholarly journals ROLE OF PHYCOREMEDIATION IN DOMESTIC WASTEWATER TREATMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Nandini Moondra ◽  
Namrata D Jariwala ◽  
Robin A Christian
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Organics Removal ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment

Conventional domestic wastewater treatment in most developing countries is confined to secondary treatments, mainly focusing on solids and organics removal, which results in eutrophication when the effluents are discharged into receiving bodies. Thus, to resolve the issues associated with the conventional treatment system, in the present study, microalgae was introduced in the primary treated effluent collected from a sewage treatment plant to study the efficiency of the system in reducing eutrophication and other challenges of secondary treatment. Phycoremediation is an effective and eco-friendly treatment alternative that reduced the primary-treated effluent’s PO4-P, NH3-N and COD concentration to 97.89%, 98.81%, and 88.24%, respectively at the identical HRT practiced for secondary treatment. One-way ANOVA was also conducted to determine the effectiveness of the system statistically. The experimental and statistical analysis proved that microalgal treatment could resolve the challenges of conventional secondary treatments if adopted for domestic wastewater.

scholarly journals The efficiency of galvanic wastewater treatment facility 'Frad' in Aleksinac

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Jasmina Veličković ◽  
Nebojša Arsić ◽  
Ljiljana Stošić
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
The Republic

The technological process of Galvano-chemical protection, according to qualitatively-quantitative characteristics, represents one of the most complex contaminants in wastewater. A large number of contaminants (metal ions, cyanides, acids, bases, grease and oils, organic solvents, surfactants, phosphates, etc.), found in galvanic wastewater are treated through conventional methods (chemical oxidation and reduction, neutralization, sedimentation, coagulation and flocculation). The reason why galvanic wastewater treatment systems in the Republic of Serbia are conventional is of economic nature. The present study has been undertaken to evaluate the performance of Sewage Treatment Plant located at Aleksinac, Company of "Frad" district which is based on Sequential Batch Reactor process. Performance of this plant is an essential parameter to be monitored as the treated effluent is discharged into the Moravica River. The Performance Evaluation will also help for the better understanding of design and operating difficulties (aeration, blowers, etc.) in Sewage Treatment Plant. Research goal: The efficiency of sewage treatment plants can be illustrated by a study on the evaluation of pollutant levels of the influent and the effluent at the treatment plant of sewage treatment plants discharging into the environment.

Performance evaluation of package plant for treatment of single household domestic wastewater

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meena Kumari Sharma ◽  
Absar Ahmad Kazmi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Efficient Technology ◽  
Treated Effluent

This study was carried out to evaluate the performance of an anaerobic packaged onsite system as an alternative to septic tank for the rural and semi-urban areas of developing countries where centralized sewerage facilities are not available. Potential application was identified on the basis of pollutant removal efficiency. The average per-capita wastewater generation was found to be 140 L/person/day with maximum contribution from the kitchen. The average removal efficiency of the system for chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, total nitrogen, total phosphate and fecal coliform was 70.9 ± 11.8%, 68.7 ± 8.5%, 78.1 ± 4.7%, 20.2 ± 8.4%, 13.8 ± 3.7% and 86.5 ± 1.6%, respectively. Despite a satisfactory performance, the anaerobically-treated effluent did not meet the disposal standards and required subsequent post treatment. An electrochemical reactor with aluminium electrodes, at a potential difference of 12 V, showed appreciable potential for use in actual households as a post treatment option for further removal of the pathogens and COD. The treated domestic wastewater, with electrocoagulation as a post-treatment measure, was successfully reused for non-potable purposes. Therefore, the package system, in conjugation with electrocoagulation process, promises to be a highly efficient technology for the onsite treatment of domestic wastewater in developing countries while facilitating reuse of the treated effluent for various recreational purposes as well as a safe discharge.

Earthquake Impact on the Sewage Treatment Plant and Emergency Measures

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 5076-5079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Yun Wang ◽  
Ai Min Fu
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Treatment Measures ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Sewage treatment plant from the pre-treatment unit, biological treatment unit, sludge processing units and related facilities for the earthquake discussed the impact of disasters on the wastewater treatment plant, gives the corresponding contingency measures. Made the transition phase of the wastewater treatment measures in order to provide domestic wastewater treatment plant to develop preventive measures earthquake reference.

Bottlenecks in the Implementation of On-Site Wastewater Treatment Plants on a Large Scale in The Netherlands

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 291-298
Author(s):  
Frits A. Fastenau ◽  
Jaap H. J. M. van der Graaf ◽  
Gerard Martijnse
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Definition Of

More than 95 % of the total housing stock in the Netherlands is connected to central sewerage systems and in most cases the wastewater is treated biologically. As connection to central sewerage systems has reached its economic limits, interest in on-site treatment of the domestic wastewater of the remaining premises is increasing. A large scale research programme into on-site wastewater treatment up to population equivalents of 200 persons has therefore been initiated by the Dutch Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and Environment. Intensive field-research work did establish that the technological features of most on-site biological treatment systems were satisfactory. A large scale implementation of these systems is however obstructed in different extents by problems of an organisational, financial and/or juridical nature and management difficulties. At present research is carried out to identify these bottlenecks and to analyse possible solutions. Some preliminary results are given which involve the following ‘bottlenecks':-legislation: absence of co-ordination and absence of a definition of ‘surface water';-absence of subsidies;-ownership: divisions in task-setting of Municipalities and Waterboards; divisions involved with cost-sharing;-inspection; operational control and maintenance; organisation of management;-discharge permits;-pollution levy;-sludge disposal. Final decisions and practical elaboration of policies towards on-site treatment will have to be formulated in a broad discussion with all the authorities and interest groups involved.

History and Current Situation of Night Soil Treatment Systems and Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Systems in Japan

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
X.M. Yang ◽  
A. Morita ◽  
I. Nakano ◽  
Y. Kushida ◽  
H. Ogawa
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Decentralized System ◽  
Decentralized Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Unique System ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

In Japan, night soil, or black water, was formerly used as fertilizer for agriculture. However, during the rapid economic growth that took place after 1960, chemical fertilizers began to be adopted for agriculture and night soil was almost abandoned. How to treat the excess of night soil then became a big challenge to tackle. From that time a variety of night soil treatment technologies have been developed and the Japanese government has actively promoted the construction of night soil treatment facilities all over the country. As measures for domestic wastewater treatment, sewerage systems were spread in high-density urban areas, while a decentralized system called johkasou was diffused in rural areas with low population density. Johkasou is a unique system that was devised in Japan and mainly treats domestic wastewater on-site. Night soil treatment systems and decentralized wastewater treatment systems used in Japan are introduced in this paper, in the hope that the experience acquired in Japan will contribute to improve the sanitation conditions in other countries.

scholarly journals Graphene-Modulated Removal Performance of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Pollutants in a Sequencing Batch Chlorella Reactor

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonghan Xia ◽  
Wenlai Xu ◽  
Qinglin Fang ◽  
Zishen Mou ◽  
Zhicheng Pan
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Practical Support ◽  
Plate Count Method ◽  
The Impact

In this work, the influence of graphene on nitrogen and phosphorus in a batch Chlorella reactor was studied. The impact of graphene on the removal performance of Chlorella was investigated in a home-built sewage treatment system with seven identical sequencing batch Chlorella reactors with graphene contents of 0 mg/L (T1), 0.05 mg/L (T2), 0.1 mg/L (T3), 0.2 mg/L (T4), 0.4 mg/L (T5), 0.8 mg/L (T6) and 10 mg/L (T7). The influence of graphene concentration and reaction time on the pollutant removal performance was studied. The malondialdehyde (MDA) and total superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentrations in each reactor were measured, and optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterizations were performed to determine the related mechanism. The results show that after 168 h, the total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (AN) and total phosphorus (TP) removal rates of reactors T1–T7 become stable, and the TN, AN and TP removal rates were gradually reduced with increasing graphene concentration. At 96 h, the concentrations of both MDA and SOD in T1–T7 gradually increased as the graphene concentration increased. In optical microscopy and SEM measurements, it was found that graphene was adsorbed on the surface of Chlorella, and entered Chlorella cells, deforming and reducing Chlorella. Through the blood plate count method, we estimated an average Chlorella reduction of 16%. According to the water quality and microscopic experiments, it can be concluded that the addition of graphene causes oxidative damage to microalgae and destruction of the Chlorella cell wall and cell membrane, inhibiting the nitrogen and phosphorus removal in Chlorella reactors. This study provides theoretical and practical support for the safe use of graphene.

scholarly journals The Improvement of Pollutant Removal in the Ferric-Carbon Micro-Electrolysis Constructed Wetland by Partial Aeration

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Dong ◽  
Mengting Li ◽  
Lin-Lan Zhuang ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Youhao Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Functional Genes ◽  
Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Oxidation Efficiency ◽  
Denitrification Process

Subsurface flow constructed wetland (SSFCW) has been applied for wastewater treatment for several decades. In recent years, the combination of ferric-carbon micro-electrolysis (Fe/C-M/E) and SSFCW was proven to be an effective method of multifarious sewage treatment. However, Ferric substrate created a relatively reductive condition, decreased the oxidation efficiency of NH4+-N, and blocked the following denitrification process, which led to the low removal efficiencies of NH4+-N and total nitrogen (TN). In this study, partial aeration was introduced into the ferric-carbon micro-electrolysis SSFCW (Fe/C-M/E CW) system to solve the problem above. The water quality and nitrogen-related functional genes of bacteria on the surface of substrate were measured for mechanism exploration. The results showed that, the removal efficiencies of NH4+-N and total phosphorus (TP) in an aerated Fe/C-M/E CW system were 96.97% ± 6.06% and 84.62% ± 8.47%, much higher than 43.33% ± 11.27% and 60.16% ± 2.95% in the unaerated Fe/C-M/E CW systems. However, the TN removal in Fe/C-M/E CW system was not enhanced by aeration, which could be optimized by extending more anoxic section for denitrification.

scholarly journals The bottlenecks and causes, and potential solutions for municipal sewage treatment in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeshi Cao ◽  
M. C. M. Van Loosdrecht ◽  
Glen. T. Daigger
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment

Abstract Since about the 1990s China has achieved remarkable progress in urban sanitation. The country has built very extensive infrastructure for wastewater treatment, with 94.5% treatment coverage in urban areas and legally mandated nation-wide full nutrient removal implemented. However, municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in China are still confronted with issues rooted in the unique sewage characteristics. This study compares energy recovery, cost of nutrient removal and sludge production between Chinese municipal WWTPs and those in countries with longer wastewater treatment traditions, and highlights the cause-effect relationships between Chinese sewage characteristics – high inorganic suspended solids (ISS) loads, and low COD and C/N ratio, and municipal WWTP process performance in China. Integrated design and operation guidelines for municipal WWTPs are imperative in relation to the unique sewage characteristics in China. Cost-effective measures and solutions are proposed in the paper, and the potential benefits of improving the sustainability of municipal WWTPs in China are estimated.

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