scholarly journals Women Empowerment and Poverty Reduction in Rural Okara, Punjab Pakistan

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Iqbal Uzma ◽  
Sandra Heaney-Mustafa ◽  
Mukaddas Afzal
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Access To Credit

In Pakistan, women have limited access to credit, property, education, skill, paid job and land. There are many hindrances in women empowerment in rural such as socio-economic and cultural values, norms, patriarchal structure of society. Research was planned to analyze different determinants of empowerment of rural women for poverty reduction in agrarian communities by taking the case study of rural Okara, Pakistan. Multistage random sampling technique was used for data collection at different stages. Okara was selected through simple random sampling technique and four union councils and then eight villages were selected randomly. Twenty-five from each village were selected through convenient sampling thereby making total sample size of 200 women. Most important finding of the study that the households where women have higher decision making authority are better-off and in other words women empowerment is likely to reduce poverty and increase wellbeing. The results also revealed significantly positive relationship between women age, education, decision making authority and paid work involvement with empowerment and poverty reduction. It is also concluded that education is the most important factor in empowerment but majority (64.5%) of respondents had only up to 5 years’ education. Respondents had very limited decision making authority and control over economic resources mostly significant and important decisions and resources are controlled by the male members. Though rural women have great contribution in poverty reduction but majority of them were facing the problems of low education, wages, less control over resources, freedom of mobility and lack of decision making authority

scholarly journals Science literacy, critical thinking skill, and motivation: A correlational study

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosita Primasari ◽  
Mieke Miarsyah ◽  
R. Rusdi
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Scientific Literacy ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Thinking Skill ◽  
Critical Thinking Skill ◽  
School Students

Scientific literacy and critical thinking skill are the considerable 21st century competencies must be owned by nowadays students. This study aimed at determining the correlation among three variables i.e. critical thinking skill, motivation, and scientific literacy possessed by high school students. The research used a quantitative approach to explore the correlation among variables observed. The total sample were 124 of X MIPA graders selected using the simple random sampling technique. The data collection was carried out by providing test instruments to measure students’ critical thinking skill, motivation, and scientific literacy. The all variables then were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results showed that (1) there was a positive correlation between the critical thinking skill and scientific literacy (11.83%), (2) there was no significant correlation between motivation and scientific literacy, and (3) the both predictors (i.e. critical thinking skill and motivation) were able to predict the criterion (scientific literacy) (22.56%). It is suggested to optimize students’ critical thinking skill and motivation to sharpen students’ scientific literacy.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF PUNJAB RURAL SUPPORT PROGRAMME IN PROVIDING HEALTH FACILITIES TO RURAL WOMEN;

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (05) ◽  
pp. 1033-1038
Author(s):  
Ayesha Riaz ◽  
Sher Muhammad ◽  
Ijaz Ashraf ◽  
Aisha Siddique ◽  
Khalid Mahmood Ch
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Poor People

Despite the fact that women account for more than half of the total worldpopulation, they are still not considered equal to men. The health of rural women in Pakistanis very poor because of the lack of health services and competent health workers. Besidesgovernment health centres, hospitals and many Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)are also working in the rural areas for providing social services to rural women. Punjab RuralSupport Programme is also working for socio-economic empowerment of rural women. PRSPbegan to provide health facilities to the poor people in villages through Basic Health Units(BHUs). Objectives: To analyze the role of PRSP in providing health facilities to women in ruralarea. Design: A multistage simple random sampling technique was used for the study. Setting:District Faisalabad. Material & Methods: The population for the study consisted of rural womenonly who were members of the Community Organizations (COs) of PRSP. Out of the eight townsof district Faisalabad, four towns which cover rural areas (Samundri, Iqbal town, Jaranwala,and Chak Jhumra) were selected. Four field units of PRSP are working in these four towns i.e.Salarwala in Chak Jhumra, Satiana in Jaranwala, Khidarwala in Samundri, and Dijkot in IqbalTown. These field units had 214, 203, 170 and 238 female COs, respectively. A sample of 10%COs was selected from each field unit randomly. Thus the total selected COs were 82. Fivemembers from each CO were selected at random. In this way the total sample size for the studywas 410 respondents. A reliable and validated data collection instrument consisting of openand close ended questions was used. The data were analyzed using SPSS. It was concludedthat respondents were satisfied with certain facilities like availability of female doctors in BHUs,availability of medicines and availability of competent and qualified paramedics. Provision ofbasic tests (blood, sugar, pregnancy and haemoglobin etc.) was very weak area which neededmuch improvement. Conclusions: It was also concluded that respondents were satisfied withthe behaviour of staff at BHUs. However, provision of basic medical equipment needed attentionfrom the authorities.

Information Literacy Among Rural Women

2020 ◽  
pp. 184-203
Author(s):  
M. Aravinthan ◽  
R. Natarajan
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Digital Literacy ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Information And Communication

In today's world, technology occupies center stage in national as well as international aspects. New technologies are employed for improvement in knowledge generation as well as sharing. Information and communication technology (ICT) is one of the technologies that is contributing and enhancing national growth. The rapid adoption of information and communication technology (ICT) has enabled people to access information across the globe. But there is a widening gap between those with access to these tools and those without the ability or means to access them. In a digitally unequal world, we need to focus on bridging the gap between the digitally privileged and underprivileged community of rural India. This study is carried out to examine the digital awareness and digital literacy among rural women. Digital literacy is the ability to find, evaluate, utilize, share, and create content using information technology and the internet. Digital literacy is the knowledge, skills, and behaviours used in a broad range of digital devices such as smart phones, tablets, laptops, and desktops, all of which are seen as network rather than computing devices. Ramanathapuram and Sivagangai districts were selected for this study. A simple random sampling technique is used for selecting the sample. The total sample size is 140 respondents.

scholarly journals The Roles and Challenges of Micro Finance in Women Empowerment: A Case Study in Oromia Credit and Saving Institution in West Shoa Zone, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Diriba Ayele Gebisa ◽  
Aman Rikitu Dassa
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
High Interest Rate ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Mixed Approach ◽  
Loan Size

Empowerment of women has emerged as an important issue in recent times since women remained disadvantaged part of society for a long period of times. Empowerment of women facilitates development by the uplifting their economic, social and political status. Microfinance is proved to be the instrument to handle poverty that exists mostly in urban and rural areas of the country. It is treated as a key strategy in addressing development issues across the country since the last decade. This study basically attempts to analyze the roles and challenges of microfinance in women empowerment. A primary survey has been carried out to capture the realistic experiences from the women beneficiaries of Oromia Micro Credit and Saving Institution of West Shoa Zone branch. In order to address the objectives of the study, a mixed approach has been adopted and primary data were collected and analyzed using quantitative and qualitative analysis techniques. A total sample of 268 women customers’ was selected using simple random sampling technique out of 1316 target populations. Data collected from these respondents were analyzed and interpreted using percentage, weighted mean and mean ranking and the hypothesis was tested using the paired t-test. The findings showed that a significant number of clients had increased their income, saving, decision making and asset ownership rights and safeguarded themselves and their families from financial difficulties. Besides its role, the main challenging factors are unproductive usages of the loan, limited loan size, lack of training and follow up, low awareness and high-interest rate of the loan.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Income of Rural Women: An Evidence from District Faisalabad, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Rubina Akhtar ◽  
Muhammad Amjed Iqbal ◽  
Allah Bakhsh
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Government ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

The fundamental point of the investigation was to assess the effect of various components on the pay of rural women in the region Faisalabad. For this, a stratified sampling procedure was utilized. At the first stage, the Faisalabad district was chosen purposively. In the second stage, five regions of each class were chosen through a simple random sampling technique. The total sample size was comprised of 150 respondents. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to gather the information from chosen respondents through the personal interview technique. Descriptive Statistics were used to explore the socio-economic characteristics of rural women. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to estimate the impact of different factors affecting the income of rural women. According to the estimated results, the age of the respondents has a positive and highly significant impact. This indicates that one year increase in the age of women would increase her income by 0.314 units. The estimated result of education described that for every one year in an increase in schooling year of women will increase the income by 0.191 unit. The variable of family sizes of the respondents has a significant and positive effect on the respondent’s income. Working hours of the respondents have a positive and significant effect on respondent’s income. The satisfaction of the respondents has a positive and significant effect on the respondent’s income. Female participation in the market increases with the growing levels of higher education. It is recommended that the government should provide education to the females especially in rural areas.

scholarly journals A study on sweet corn buying behaviour of consumers

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Baratam Renuka ◽  
N.T. Krishna Kishore ◽  
I. Bhavani Devi ◽  
Y. Lavanya Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Good Taste ◽  
Buying Behaviour ◽  
Consumer Diversity

The present study is intended to understand the buying behaviour of sweet corn consumers. For the study Hyderabad and Vijayawada cities were purposively considering the markets for sweet corn and consumer diversity. A representative sample of sixty sweet corn consumers were selected by using simple random sampling technique from the market. The collected data was analyzed by using appropriate tools like percentage and frequencies and Garrett’s ranking. From the investigation it was found that majority of sample consumers preferred to buy sweet corn in raw cob form compared to other forms. Frequency of consumption of sweet corn details revealed that greater percentage of sample consumers were consuming once in a month followed by occasional consumption. Out of the total sample consumer 45 per cent informed that the average monthly consumption is 10-20 cobs. The top preferred reasons for sweet corn purchase were good taste and healthy food. Most preferred place by respondent consumers to purchase sweet corn cobs was from road side vendors followed by small grocery stores.

scholarly journals ABILITY OF WRITING POETRY USING THE MEDIA PICTURE GRADE STUDENT VIII SMP 1 PSKD JAKARTA PUSAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-350
Author(s):  
Rusmi Siagian ◽  
Zainal Rafli ◽  
Siti Gomo Attas
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Class Viii ◽  
The Media ◽  
Descriptive Statistical Analysis

Abstract   This research is a quantitative research that aims to describe the ability to write poetry based on the image media of students of class VIII SMP 1 PSKD JAKARTA PUSAT District. The population of this study consists of 151 students that are put into 5 classes. Sampling is done by using simple random sampling technique with total sample of 109 students. The instrument used is the test used to obtain the data of students' ability in writing poetry. The tests are given in the form of essays. Data analysis techniques used descriptive statistical analysis that describes the results of Writing Poetry Ability using Picture Media. Based on the descriptive statistic descriptive statistic analysis, the highest score obtained by the students in terms of the structure of the poem builder is 96 and the lowest score is 50 with the average score of 74,09. Thus it can be concluded that the students of grade VIII SMP 1 PSKD JAKARTA PUSAT are able to write poetry based on the media images.   Keywords: writing, poetry, image media.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Authoritarian Parenting With Students' Aggressive Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Romualdus Doddy Anggaraino ◽  
Nur Syariful Amin ◽  
Amiruddin Amiruddin
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Correlation Technique ◽  
Authoritarian Parenting ◽  
High Category ◽  
The Relationship

This research was conducted at SMPN 5 Bima City with the aim of knowing the relationship between authoritarian parenting and aggressive behavior of students at SMPN 5 Bima City. The population of this study was 230 subjects with a total sample of 37 subjects selected using the Simple Random Sampling technique. Collecting data using a questionnaire based on the Likert scale and tested using the Product Moment Correlation technique. The results of the analysis obtained a mean score of 86.38 which is classified in the high category and the score of the aggressive behavior variable is 84.00 which is classified in the high category. From the product moment correlation analysis, the correlation coefficient is r = 0.631 and a significant value is = 0.000 (ρ <0.05). This means that the hypothesis which reads that there is a relationship between authoritarian parenting and aggressive behavior in students at SMPN 5 Bima City in this study is accepted.

scholarly journals Determinants of Youth Farmers’ Participation in Agricultural Activities in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
M. U. Dimelu ◽  
A. M. Umoren ◽  
Jane M. Chah
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Development Programme ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
On Farm

A refocus on agriculture is considered a pertinent resort for the youths because it is generally believed to be a panacea for sustainable development in any nation. To help generate suitable policies to encourage youth farmers to be involved in agricultural activities, the study analysed factors that influence youth farmers&rsquo; participation in agricultural activities in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Through a list of farmers obtained with the assistance of Akwa Ibom State Agricultural Development Programme, 120 youth farmers were randomly selected for the study using simple random sampling technique. The study used descriptive and inferential tools to analyse information collected. The majority (59.2%) of youth farmers were male and 42.5% were between the ages of 36-39 years. Only 8.3% had access to credit. About 71% of the youth farmers were involved in on-farm activities and only 29.2% in both on- and off-farm activities. The major determinants of youth agricultural activities were household size and membership of social organizations. The state government and other relevant agencies and organizations should create platforms to educate youth farmers on the need for more involvement and diversification in their agricultural livelihood strategies.

scholarly journals Digitization of Information Resources in Public Libraries and Museums in South-East, Nigeria: Problems and Prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Nkechinyere Ogbu ◽  
Abidina Abubakar ◽  
Saddiq Abdulkadir Batagarawa
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Survey Research ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Information Resources ◽  
Research Questions

This study examines the problems and prospects of digitization of information resources in public libraries and museums in South-East, Nigeria. Two research questions were formulated to guide the study and a survey research design was also used for the study. The population of the study consists of all the staff and users of public libraries and museums in South-East, Nigeria. A total sample size of 317 was selected using a simple random sampling technique. The researcher constructed two sets of questionnaire entitled “Problems and Prospects of Digitization of Information Resources in Public Libraries and Museums Questionnaire (PPDIRPLMQ) for data collection. The instrument for data collection was trial-tested for reliability. A total 317 copies of the questionnaire were distributed to the respondents and 293 were returned and found usable by the researcher. This gave a response rate of 92%. The data collected were analyzed using Mean (X) Standard Deviations and percentages to answer the research questions. Based on the data collected and analysed, the major findings of the study revealed some of the barriers to the digitization of information resources in public libraries and museums and also proffered some strategies in surmounting these challenges. Keywords: Digitization, Information resources, Public libraries, Museums

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