scholarly journals A Pilot Study of the Impact of Microwave Ablation on the Dielectric Properties of Breast Tissue

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 5698
Author(s):  
Luz Maria Neira ◽  
R. Owen Mays ◽  
James F. Sawicki ◽  
Amanda Schulman ◽  
Josephine Harter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Microwave Ablation ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Prophylactic Mastectomy ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Tissue Composition ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
The Impact

Percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA) is a promising technology for patients with breast cancer, as it may help treat individuals who have less aggressive cancers or do not respond to targeted therapies in the neoadjuvant or pre-surgical setting. In this study, we investigate changes to the microwave dielectric properties of breast tissue that are induced by MWA. While similar changes have been characterized for relatively homogeneous tissues, such as liver, those prior results are not directly translatable to breast tissue because of the extreme tissue heterogeneity present in the breast. This study was motivated, in part by the expectation that the changes in the dielectric properties of the microwave antenna’s operation environment will be impacted by tissue composition of the ablation target, which includes not only the tumor, but also its margins. Accordingly, this target comprises a heterogeneous mix of malignant, healthy glandular, and adipose tissue. Therefore, knowledge of MWA impact on breast dielectric properties is essential for the successful development of MWA systems for breast cancer. We performed ablations in 14 human ex-vivo prophylactic mastectomy specimens from surgeries that were conducted at the UW Hospital and monitored the temperature in the vicinity of the MWA antenna during ablation. After ablation we measured the dielectric properties of the tissue and analyzed the tissue samples to determine both the tissue composition and the extent of damage due to the ablation. We observed that MWA induced cell damage across all tissue compositions, and found that the microwave frequency-dependent relative permittivity and conductivity of damaged tissue are lower than those of healthy tissue, especially for tissue with high fibroglandular content. The results provide information for future developments on breast MWA systems.

scholarly journals Raman Microspectroscopic Investigation and Classification of Breast Cancer Pathological Characteristics

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 921
Author(s):  
Heping Li ◽  
Tian Ning ◽  
Fan Yu ◽  
Yishen Chen ◽  
Baoping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Mucinous Carcinoma ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
And Performance

Breast cancer is one of the major cancers of women in the world. Despite significant progress in its treatment, an early diagnosis can effectively reduce its incidence rate and mortality. To improve the reliability of Raman-based tumor detection and analysis methods, we conducted an ex vivo study to unveil the compositional features of healthy control (HC), solid papillary carcinoma (SPC), mucinous carcinoma (MC), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) tissue samples. Following the identification of biological variations occurring as a result of cancer invasion, principal component analysis followed by linear discriminate analysis (PCA-LDA) algorithm were adopted to distinguish spectral variations among different breast tissue groups. The achieved results confirmed that after training, the constructed classification model combined with the leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) method was able to distinguish the different breast tissue types with 100% overall accuracy. The present study demonstrates that Raman spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis technology has considerable potential for improving the efficiency and performance of breast cancer diagnosis.

Abstract CN13-02: Breast tissue composition and risk of breast cancer

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Boyd ◽  
Lisa Martin ◽  
Olga Menichouk ◽  
Anoma Gunasekara ◽  
Ahesha Selah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Tissue Composition

scholarly journals Association between cadmium and breast cancer

Medicina ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loreta Strumylaitė ◽  
Algirdas Boguševičius ◽  
Stanislovas Ryselis ◽  
Darius Pranys ◽  
Lina Poškienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Benign Tumor ◽  
Normal Breast Tissue ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Normal Breast ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Malignant Breast Tissue ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Malignant Breast

Cadmium is a known human lung carcinogen, although some studies indicate a link between cadmium exposure and human breast cancer. The objective of this study was to assess cadmium concentration in breast tissue samples of patients with breast cancer and benign breast tumor. Material and methods. The concentration of cadmium was determined in breast tissue samples of 21 breast cancer and 19 benign tumor patients. Two samples of breast tissue from each patient, i.e. tumor and normal tissue close to tumor, were taken for the analysis. Cadmium was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (Perkin-Elmer, Zeeman 3030). Results. In patients with breast cancer, the mean cadmium concentration was 33.1 ng/g (95% CI, 21.9– 44.4) in malignant breast tissue and 10.4 ng/g (95% CI, 5.6–15.2) in normal breast tissue (P=0.002). In patients with benign tumor, the corresponding values were 17.5 ng/g (95% CI, 8.4–26.5) and 11.8 ng/g (95% CI, 5.1– 18.5) (P=0.3144). There was a statistically significant difference in cadmium concentration between malignant and benign breast tissues (P=0.009). Conclusion. The data obtained show that cadmium concentration is significantly higher in malignant breast tissue as compared with normal breast tissue of the same women or benign breast tissue. Further studies are necessary to determine the association between cadmium concentration in malignant breast tissue and estrogen receptor level, and smoking.

Psychological Reactions, Quality of Life, and Body Image After Bilateral Prophylactic Mastectomy in Women At High Risk for Breast Cancer: A Prospective 1-Year Follow-Up Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 3943-3949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Brandberg ◽  
Kerstin Sandelin ◽  
Staffan Erikson ◽  
Göran Jurell ◽  
Annelie Liljegren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Prophylactic Mastectomy ◽  
Sexual Pleasure ◽  
Bilateral Prophylactic Mastectomy ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Purpose To prospectively evaluate body image, sexuality, emotional reactions (anxiety, depression), and quality of life in a sample of women having increased risk for breast cancer before and 6 months and 1 year after bilateral prophylactic mastectomy (BPM), and to compare preoperative expectations of the operation with postoperative reactions concerning the impact on six areas of the women's lives. Patients and Methods A total of 90 of 98 consecutive women who underwent BPM during October 1997 to December 2005 were included. Data were collected by self-administered questionnaires (eg, Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale, Swedish Short Term-36 Health Survey, Body Image Scale, Sexual Activity Questionnaire) before the operation (n = 81), and 6 (n = 71) and 12 months (n = 65) after BPM. Results Anxiety decreased over time (P = .0004). No corresponding difference was found for depression. No differences in health-related quality of life over time were found, with one exception. A substantial proportion of the women reported problems with body image 1 year after BPM (eg, self consciousness, 48%; feeling less sexually attractive, 48%; and dissatisfaction with the scars, 44%). Sexual pleasure was rated lower 1-year post-BPM as compared with before operation (P = .005), but no differences over time in habit, discomfort, or activity were found. Conclusion No negative effects on anxiety, depression, and quality of life were found. Anxiety and social activities improved. Negative impact on sexuality and body image was reported.

The impact of breast reconstruction on the decision to undergo contralateral prophylactic mastectomy.

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (27_suppl) ◽  
pp. 96-96
Author(s):  
L. J. McGhan ◽  
B. A. Pockaj ◽  
R. J. Gray ◽  
S. P. Bagaria ◽  
S. A. McLaughlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Breast Reconstruction ◽  
Prophylactic Mastectomy ◽  
Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Unilateral Breast Cancer ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Implant Reconstruction

96 Background: In the last decade there has been an increase in the incidence of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) for unilateral breast cancer. Although many factors have been proposed to explain this trend, the impact of breast reconstruction on the decision to undergo CPM has not been extensively studied. Methods: A retrospective review of breast cancer patients from Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registry data (2004-2008) was conducted. Characteristics of patients undergoing CPM were evaluated. Results: 71,176 patients with a diagnosis of stage I-III infiltrating ductal or lobular breast cancer underwent mastectomy for their primary lesion. Among these, 10,558 patients (15%) underwent a CPM. A significantly higher proportion of women undergoing CPM had reconstruction performed (44%) than those patients not undergoing CPM (13%), p<0.001. On multivariate analysis (Table), significant variables predicting CPM included age <50 years (OR 10.12), breast reconstruction (OR 3.58), and lobular histology (OR 1.41), all p<0.001. Of the 12,466 patients (18%) who underwent reconstruction, 4,636 (37%) had implant reconstruction, 4,498 (36%) had tissue reconstruction, and 1,122 (9%) had combined tissue/implant reconstruction (no data for 18%). On multivariate analysis, predictors of reconstruction included age <50 years (OR 20.5; CI 18.5-22.7), year of surgery (2008 vs. 2004; OR 1.60; CI 1.49-1.71), low tumor grade (OR 1.19; CI 1.13-1.25) and ER+ status (OR 1.16; 95% CI 1.10-1.23). The use of radiation therapy was associated with a lower likelihood of pursuing reconstruction (OR 0.61; CI 0.58-0.65). Conclusions: Apart from age, the factor most strongly associated with CPM is the decision to have reconstructive surgery performed. This suggests that CPM may not be purely associated with risk-reduction but also with treatment factors such as cosmesis. [Table: see text]

Optimal combination therapy for advanced colorectal cancer: An examination of synergy and antagonism with EGFR inhibition.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e14075-e14075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilesh Vora ◽  
Steven Evans ◽  
Paula J Bernard ◽  
Federico Francisco ◽  
Robert Alan Nagourney
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Kras Mutation ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Relative Activity ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Egfr Inhibition ◽  
Modes Of Interaction ◽  
The Impact

e14075 Background: While FOLFOX +/- Bevacizumab is the most widely used combination in colorectal cancer (CRC), the EGFr antagonists Cetuximab & Panitumumab have not further enhanced activity. On the contrary, the addition of EGFR inhibitors to Irinotecan-based regimens at 1st & 2nd line has improved response and both progression freel & overall survival (Van Cutsem. 2010; Peeters. 2010.) Methods: We applied the ex vivo analysis of programmed cell death (EVA-PCD) (Nagourney, Curr Treat Opt Onc 2006) to examine interactions between EGFr antagonists and Irinotecan or FOLFOX in 534 human tumor primary culture microspheroids isolated from CRC surgical specimens or cytologically (+) fluids. Gefitinib was used as a surrogate for Cetuxima/Panitumumab activity. Tissue samples exposed to Oxaliplatin, 5FU, Irinotecan, and Oxaliplatin & 5FU (FOLFOX) provided dose response curves with and without Gefitinib for formal synergy analysis by median effect (Chou & Talalay). Results: Shown in table below. Conclusions: Results indicate superiority for Irinotecan combination with the EGFr antagonist Gefitinib. The percentage of synergistic interactions for Irinotecan & Gefitinib (41%) is demonstrably higher than that associated with FOLFOX & Gefitinib (4%). This suggests distinct modes of interaction between these classes of agents favoring Irinotecan and could have an impact upon future clinical trial designs. Recognizing the importance of Kras mutation, additional studies are underway to examine the impact of Kras mutation upon synergy. However, as wild-type and mutant samples would be expected to be equally distributed, subset analyses may reveal quantitative (higher % synergy) rather than qualitative differences (relative activity of Irinotecan vs FOLFOX). Results of these analyses will be reported. Supported in part by the Vanguard Cancer Foundation. [Table: see text]

Contralateral breast cancer: Effect of stage on survival after unilateral breast cancer.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (27_suppl) ◽  
pp. 69-69
Author(s):  
Lori Uyeno ◽  
Carolyn E. Behrendt ◽  
Laura Kruper ◽  
Steven L. Chen ◽  
Courtney Vito
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
African American ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
Contralateral Breast Cancer ◽  
Prophylactic Mastectomy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Contralateral Breast ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
The Impact

69 Background: Contralateral breast cancer (CBC) is the most common malignancy among breast cancer survivors. We investigated the impact of CBC on overall survival (OS) after unilateral primary breast cancer (UPBC) in women treated with mastectomy. Methods: Using the Surveillance Epidemiology End Results registry, we identified women age 25-80 diagnosed 1998-2006 with UPBC stage 0-III, treated with mastectomy and free of CBC at 1-year landmark. Subjects were split into test and validation samples. Follow-up continued until the earliest occurrence: death, end of 2008, or age 85. Primary risk factor was incident CBC, a time-dependent variable categorized as advanced-stage (IIB-IV), early-stage (0-IIA), or none. Proportional hazards regression adjusted for primary tumor characteristics, treatment including contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM), demographics, and aging. Results: Subjects (n= 109,411, age 53.7[+12.7] years at UPBC diagnosis) were followed median 51 months. Most UPBC were early stage (63%), moderately/poorly differentiated (78%), ER+PR+ (52%). Few (9.8%) women underwent CPM at primary diagnosis. Incident CBC (n=867, 0.79%) was diagnosed median 23.5 (95% CI 1.2-72) months beyond the 1-year landmark. Test and validation samples did not differ. Only CBC of stage IIB-IV increased mortality; early stage CBC had no effect on OS. Among CBC cases, advanced stage was independently associated with aggressive UPBC (more positive nodes; larger tumor; greater extension), African-American race, and shorter time from UPBC. Conclusions: Among women who undergo mastectomy +/-CPM for UPBC, few develop CBC, which impacts survival only when diagnosed at advanced stage. Efforts to improve survival after UPBC should emphasize earlier detection and prevention of advanced-stage CBC, especially in African-American women and women with more aggressive UPBC. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Invasive breast tumors are characterized by the presence of crystalline nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Tsolaki ◽  
William Doran ◽  
Luca Magnani ◽  
Alessandro Olivo ◽  
Inge K. Herrmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Malignant Tumour ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Tumour Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples

The presence of calcification in tumours has been known for decades1. Indeed, calcified breast tissue is a fundamental criterion for early breast cancer diagnosis, indicative of malignancies2, and their appearance is used to distinguish between benign and malignant in breast biopsies3,4. However, an in-depth characterization of the nature and origin of tumour tissue calcification remains elusive5–8. Here, we report the presence of nano and micron-sized spherical particles made of highly crystalline whitlockite that are exclusively found in the arterial wall of malignant invasive tumours. By applying nanoanalytical methods to healthy, benign and malignant tumour breast tissue biopsies from patients, we show that poorly crystalline apatite can be found in all breast tissue samples, whereas spherical crystalline whitlockite particles are present only in invasive cancers, mainly in areas close to the lumen of the arterial wall. Moreover, we demonstrate that the concentration of these spherical crystalline particles increases with the grade of disease, and that their size can be related to tumour type. Therefore, our results not only provide new insight into calcification of tumour tissue, but also enable a precise, yet simple route of breast cancer diagnosis and staging.

scholarly journals The Other Side of the Coin: May Androgens Have a Role in Breast Cancer Risk?

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 424
Author(s):  
Chiara Chiodo ◽  
Catia Morelli ◽  
Fabiola Cavaliere ◽  
Diego Sisci ◽  
Marilena Lanzino
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Α ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Cancer Risk Factors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Breast cancer prevention is a major challenge worldwide. During the last few years, efforts have been made to identify molecular breast tissue factors that could be linked to an increased risk of developing the disease in healthy women. In this concern, steroid hormones and their receptors are key players since they are deeply involved in the growth, development and lifetime changes of the mammary gland and play a crucial role in breast cancer development and progression. In particular, androgens, by binding their own receptor, seem to exert a dichotomous effect, as they reduce cell proliferation in estrogen receptor α positive (ERα+) breast cancers while promoting tumour growth in the ERα negative ones. Despite this intricate role in cancer, very little is known about the impact of androgen receptor (AR)-mediated signalling on normal breast tissue and its correlation to breast cancer risk factors. Through an accurate collection of experimental and epidemiological studies, this review aims to elucidate whether androgens might influence the susceptibility for breast cancer. Moreover, the possibility to exploit the AR as a useful marker to predict the disease will be also evaluated.

Dietary Fibre, Insulin and Breast Tissue Composition at Age 15-18: A Mediation Analysis.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Martin ◽  
Sudipta Saha ◽  
Linda Linton ◽  
Monica Taylor ◽  
Jie Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Tissue Composition ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background. Risk of breast cancer in adult life is influenced by body size and height in childhood. The mechanisms responsible for these associations are currently unknown. The present research was carried out to determine if, at age 15-18, measures of dietary intake were associated with body size, hormones and growth factors, and with variations in breast tissue composition that in adult life are strongly associated with risk of breast cancer.Methods. We carried out a cross-sectional study in 766 healthy young Caucasian women aged 15-18. Percent breast water (PBW), total breast water and fat were measured by magnetic resonance (MR). Dietary intake at age 15-18 was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. We also measured height, weight, skin-fold thicknesses and waist-to-hip ratio, and obtained fasting blood to assay glucose and insulin, and calculated an estimate of insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-S). Results. After adjustment for age, measures of body size, and energy intake, dietary fiber (insoluble and total fiber) was associated positively with PBW with the HOMA2-S estimate of insulin sensitivity, and inversely with fasting serum insulin. Insulin sensitivity was also significantly and positively associated with PBW and inversely with total breast fat. The association of dietary fiber with breast tissue composition was no longer statistically significant after adjustment for fasting insulin or insulin sensitivity. Conclusions. These results show an association of dietary fiber with breast tissue measures and suggest that this association may be mediated, at least in part, by insulin or insulin sensitivity. These findings suggest a potential approach to breast cancer prevention in early life.

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