scholarly journals Investigation of the Effects of Electrode Geometry on the Performance of C4D Sensor with Radial Configuration

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4454
Author(s):  
Qiang Huang ◽  
Junchao Huang ◽  
Yandan Jiang ◽  
Haifeng Ji ◽  
Baoliang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conductivity Measurement ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Electrode Geometry ◽  
Fem Model ◽  
Capacitively Coupled ◽  
Electrode Length ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Method Model

Electrodes are basic components of C4D (capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection) sensors, and different electrode structures (the configuration pattern or the electrode geometry) can lead to different measurement results. In this work, the effects of electrode geometry of radial configuration on the measurement performance of C4D sensors are investigated. Two geometrical parameters, the electrode length and the electrode angle, are considered. A FEM (finite element method) model based on the C4D method is developed. With the FEM model, corresponding simulation results of conductivity measurement with different electrode geometry are obtained. Meanwhile, practical experiments of conductivity measurement are also conducted. According to the simulation results and experimental results, the optimal electrode geometry of the C4D sensor with radial configuration is discussed and proposed. The recommended electrode length is 5–10 times of the pipe inner diameter and the recommended electrode angle is 120–160°.

scholarly journals Modeling of German Low Voltage Cables with Ground Return Path

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Geis-Schroer ◽  
Sebastian Hubschneider ◽  
Lukas Held ◽  
Frederik Gielnik ◽  
Michael Armbruster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Analytical Calculation ◽  
Laboratory Measurement ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Modeling Approach ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Return Path

In this contribution, measurement data of phase, neutral, and ground currents from real low voltage (LV) feeders in Germany is presented and analyzed. The data obtained is used to review and evaluate common modeling approaches for LV systems. An alternative modeling approach for detailed cable and ground modeling, which allows for the consideration of typical German LV earthing conditions and asymmetrical cable design, is proposed. Further, analytical calculation methods for model parameters are described and compared to laboratory measurement results of real LV cables. The models are then evaluated in terms of parameter sensitivity and parameter relevance, focusing on the influence of conventionally performed simplifications, such as neglecting house junction cables, shunt admittances, or temperature dependencies. By comparing measurement data from a real LV feeder to simulation results, the proposed modeling approach is validated.

scholarly journals Geometrical Effects on Ultrasonic Al Bump Direct Bonding for Microsystem Integration: Simulation and Experiments

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 750
Author(s):  
Jun-Hao Lee ◽  
Pin-Kuan Li ◽  
Hai-Wen Hung ◽  
Wallace Chuang ◽  
Eckart Schellkes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Joint Strength ◽  
Maximum Stress ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Experimental Demonstration ◽  
Joint Shear Strength ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Ultrasonic Bonding ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Geometrical Effects

This study employed finite element analysis to simulate ultrasonic metal bump direct bonding. The stress distribution on bonding interfaces in metal bump arrays made of Al, Cu, and Ni/Pd/Au was simulated by adjusting geometrical parameters of the bumps, including the shape, size, and height; the bonding was performed with ultrasonic vibration with a frequency of 35 kHz under a force of 200 N, temperature of 200 °C, and duration of 5 s. The simulation results revealed that the maximum stress of square bumps was greater than that of round bumps. The maximum stress of little square bumps was at least 15% greater than those of little round bumps and big round bumps. An experimental demonstration was performed in which bumps were created on Si chips through Al sputtering and lithography processes. Subtractive lithography etching was the only effective process for the bonding of bumps, and Ar plasma treatment magnified the joint strength. The actual joint shear strength was positively proportional to the simulated maximum stress. Specifically, the shear strength reached 44.6 MPa in the case of ultrasonic bonding for the little Al square bumps.

A Dicode Signaling Scheme for Capacitively Coupled Interface

2011 ◽  
Vol 497 ◽  
pp. 296-305
Author(s):  
Yasushi Yuminaka ◽  
Kyohei Kawano
Keyword(s):  
Partial Response ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Circuit Simulation ◽  
Frequency Bandwidth ◽  
Capacitively Coupled ◽  
Limited Frequency ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Response Coding ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, we present a bandwidth-efficient partial-response signaling scheme for capacitivelycoupled chip-to-chip data transmission to increase data rate. Partial-response coding is knownas a technique that allows high-speed transmission while using a limited frequency bandwidth, by allowingcontrolled intersymbol interference (ISI). Analysis and circuit simulation results are presentedto show the impact of duobinary (1+D) and dicode (1-D) partial-response signaling for capacitivelycoupled interface.

scholarly journals A System in Package Based on a Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer Matrix for Ranging Applications

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2590
Author(s):  
Alexandre Robichaud ◽  
Dominic Deslandes ◽  
Paul-Vahé Cicek ◽  
Frederic Nabki
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Ultrasonic Transducer ◽  
Ultrasonic Transducers ◽  
Transimpedance Amplifier ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Ultrasonic Ranging ◽  
High Voltage Pulser ◽  
Working Frequency ◽  
Simulation Results

This paper proposes a system in package (SiP) for ultrasonic ranging composed of a 4 × 8 matrix of piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (PMUT) and an interface integrated circuit (IC). The PMUT matrix is fabricated using the PiezoMUMPS process and the IC is implemented in the AMS 0.35 µm technology. Simulation results for the PMUT are compared to the measurement results, and an equivalent circuit has been derived to allow a better approximation of the load of the PMUT on the IC. The control circuit is composed of a high-voltage pulser to drive the PMUT for transmission and of a transimpedance amplifier to amplify the received echo. The working frequency of the system is 1.5 MHz.

Development of a Simulation Model to Investigate Tool Wear in Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Machining

2011 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 535-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Schulze ◽  
Frederik Zanger
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
High Strength ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Wear Model ◽  
Fem Model ◽  
Load Variations ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Mechanical Machining ◽  
Very High

Titanium alloys like Ti‑6Al‑4V have a low density, a very high strength and are highly resistant to corrosion. However, the positive qualities in combination with the low heat conductivity have disadvantageous effects on mechanical machining and on cutting in particular. Ti‑6Al‑4V forms segmented chips for the whole range of cutting velocities which influences tool wear. Thus, optimization of the manufacturing process is difficult. To obtain this goal the chip segmentation process and the tool wear are studied numerically in this article. Therefore, a FEM model was developed which calculates the wear rates depending on state variables from the cutting simulation, using an empirical tool wear model. The segmentation leads to mechanical and thermal load variations, which are taken into consideration during the tool wear simulations. In order to evaluate the simulation results, they are compared with experimentally obtained results for different process parameters.

Design of Broadband LNA Using Improved Self-Bias Architecture

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (08) ◽  
pp. 1920005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Qi ◽  
Songbai He
Keyword(s):  
Noise Figure ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Power Gain ◽  
Matching Networks ◽  
Self Bias ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Chip Size ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Noise Amplifier ◽  
Ku Band

A broadband low-noise amplifier (LNA) using 0.13 [Formula: see text]m GaAs HEMT technology for Ku-band applications is presented in this paper. By introducing an improved self-bias architecture, the LNA is achieved with low noise figure (NF) and high power gain. Compared with traditional LNA, self-bias architecture can reduce DC supplies to single one, and the improved architecture proposed here also takes part in source matching to reduce the complexity matching networks for broadband applications. To verify, an LNA operating over 12–18-GHz bandwidth is fabricated. The measurement results, for all the 72 chips on the wafer, and their average values are in great accordance with the simulation results, with 25.5–27.5-dB power gain, 1.1–1.8-dB NF, 15–17.5-dBm output power at [Formula: see text] and with a chip size of 2 mm [Formula: see text] 1.5 mm.

scholarly journals Transparent Metasurface for Generating Microwave Vortex Beams with Cross-Polarization Conversion

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyu Shi ◽  
Luyi Wang ◽  
Mengran Zhao ◽  
Juan Chen ◽  
Anxue Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Polarization Conversion ◽  
Vortex Beam ◽  
Cross Polarization ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Vortex Beams ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Polarization Level ◽  
Transmission Phase

In this paper, metasurfaces with both cross-polarization conversion and vortex beam-generating are proposed. The proposed finite metasurface designs are able to change the polarization of incident electromagnetic (EM) waves to its cross-polarization. In addition, they also can modulate the incidences into beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) with different orders ( l = + 1 , l = + 2 , l = − 1 and l = − 2 ) by applying corresponding transmission phase distribution schemes on the metasurface aperture. The generated vortex beams are at 5.14 GHz. The transmission loss is lower than 0.5 dB while the co-polarization level is −10 dB compared to the cross-polarization level. The measurement results confirmed the simulation results and verified the properties of the proposed designs.

scholarly journals Simulation and Measurement Studies of The Vdes System’s Terrestrial Component

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Bronk ◽  
Patryk Koncicki ◽  
Adam Lipka ◽  
Dominik Rutkowski ◽  
Błażej Wereszko
Keyword(s):  
Data Transmission ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Theoretical Data ◽  
Current Version ◽  
Coding Gain ◽  
Exchange System ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Theoretical Results

Abstract In the paper, the measurement and simulation results of the VDES (VHF Data Exchange System) terrestrial component are discussed. It is anticipated that VDES will be one of the major solutions for maritime communications in the VHF band and its performance will be sufficient to fulfill the requirements of the e-navigation applications. The process of the VDES standardization (ITU R, IALA) has not been officially completed yet, but substantial amount of technical information about the future system’s terrestrial component (VDE-TER) is already available. The paper is divided into three general parts: (a) theoretical presentation of the system’s physical layer and the radio channels applicable to VDES, (b) simulation results (BER, BLER, channel delay between two propagation paths and its influence on bit rates) and (c) measurement results (useful ranges, BER). It turned out that in real maritime conditions, the VDES system can offer ranges between 25 and 38 km for the configurations assumed during the measurement campaign. Those results are generally compliant with the theoretical data in the line-of-sight conditions. In the NLOS scenarios, where fading becomes the dominant phenomenon, the discrepancies between the measurements and the theoretical results were more significant. The obtained results confirmed that VDES provides a large coding gain, which significantly improves the performance of data transmission and increases the bit rate compared to the existing maritime radiocommunication solutions. It should be noted that the results presented in the article were used by the IALA while developing the current version of the VDES specification.

Analysis of ZDDP Films on Sticking Defects by FEM during Hot Rolling of Ferritic Stainless Steel Strips

2016 ◽  
Vol 846 ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
Liang Hao ◽  
Zheng Yi Jiang ◽  
Dian Yao Gong ◽  
Dong Bin Wei ◽  
Xia Wei Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Ferritic Stainless Steel ◽  
Hot Rolling ◽  
Steel Strip ◽  
Crack Size ◽  
Surface Characterisation ◽  
Fem Model ◽  
Steel Strips ◽  
Simulation Results

The aim of this study is to understand the effect of zinc dialkyl dithio phosphate (ZDDP) films on sticking defects during the hot rolling of ferritic stainless steel strips. The surface characterisation and crack propagation are very important for the sticking defects of ferritic stainless steel strip. A finite element method (FEM) model is constructed with different crack size ratios, in which the profile of the strip roughness and ZDDP films are taken into consideration. Simulation results show that the widths of cracks tend to be reduced with the introduction of ZDDP films, improving the sticking defects, which is confirmed by the hot rolling trials.

Evaluation of Specific Absorption Rate due to Medical Implant in Near-Field Exposure

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazirah Othman ◽  
Noor Asmawati Samsuri ◽  
Norfatin Akma Ellias
Keyword(s):  
Intramedullary Nail ◽  
Specific Absorption Rate ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Dipole Antenna ◽  
Medical Implants ◽  
Field Exposure ◽  
Maximum Enhancement ◽  
Medical Implant ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Simulation Results

This paper presents the effects of conductive medical implant on energy absorbed by the human body and the testicular area when exposed to near field electromagnetic radiation. A dipole antenna is used as the radiating source and it is placed in front of the trousers pocket. Two types of medical implants are used in this study: intramedullary nail and bone plate. Numerical simulations are performed by means of CST Microwave Studio. Results are discussed in terms of changes in SAR values due to the presence of conductive medical implant at 0.4, 0.9, 1.8 and 2.4 GHz. The results have indicated that the conductive intramedullary nail that is located inside the femur significantly increases the SAR. Maximum enhancement in SAR is found when the length of the intramedullary nail is approximately one wavelength of the respective frequency tested. The measurement results indicate good agreements with the simulation results at 2.4 GHz.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document