scholarly journals A Bidirectional Versatile Buck–Boost Converter Driver for Electric Vehicle Applications

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 5712
Author(s):  
Catalina González-Castaño ◽  
Carlos Restrepo ◽  
Samir Kouro ◽  
Enric Vidal-Idiarte ◽  
Javier Calvente

This work presents a novel dc-dc bidirectional buck–boost converter between a battery pack and the inverter to regulate the dc-bus in an electric vehicle (EV) powertrain. The converter is based on the versatile buck–boost converter, which has shown an excellent performance in different fuel cell systems operating in low-voltage and hard-switching applications. Therefore, extending this converter to higher voltage applications such as the EV is a challenging task reported in this work. A high-efficiency step-up/step-down versatile converter can improve the EV powertrain efficiency for an extended range of electric motor (EM) speeds, comprising urban and highway driving cycles while allowing the operation under motoring and regeneration (regenerative brake) conditions. DC-bus voltage regulation is implemented using a digital two-loop control strategy. The inner feedback loop is based on the discrete-time sliding-mode current control (DSMCC) strategy, and for the outer feedback loop, a proportional-integral (PI) control is employed. Both digital control loops and the necessary transition mode strategy are implemented using a digital signal controller TMS320F28377S. The theoretical analysis has been validated on a 400 V 1.6 kW prototype and tested through simulation and an EV powertrain system testing.

This paper presents a closed loop control of an active-clamped full-wave quasi-resonant boost converter with zero-current-switching (ZCS) for power factor correction. Possibility to incorporate higherswitching frequency and has some potency to reduce switching losses. Power factor improvement and high efficiency is achieved with a constant output voltage and DC output voltage is regulated by using closed loop control .The concept of the proposed switchingscheme results lesser switching loss, higher efficiency, possibility to have higher switching frequency, and has potential to reduce converter's conducted EMI. This paper also presents voltage regulation using closed loop system and the simulation results are verified.


Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6785
Author(s):  
Ileana González ◽  
Antonio Sánchez ◽  
Diego Langarica-Cordoba ◽  
Fernando Yanine-Misleh ◽  
Victor Ramirez

This paper solves the buck–boost converter operation problem in the discontinuous conduction mode and the feeding a DC bus of a combined battery/solar-powered electric vehicle grid. Since the sun’s radiation has a very important effect on the performance of photovoltaic solar modules due to its continuous variation, the main task of the system under study is the regulation of the output voltage from an MPPT system located at the output of the panels in order to obtain a DC bus voltage that is fixed to 24 V. This is ensured via a double-loop scheme, where the current inner loop relies on sliding-mode control; meanwhile, the outer voltage loop considers a proportional–integral action. Additionally, the current loop implements an adaptive hysteresis logic in order to operate at a fixed frequency. The closed-loop system’s performance is checked via numerical results with respect to step changes in the load, input voltage, and output voltage reference variations.


Electricity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-109
Author(s):  
Julian Wruk ◽  
Kevin Cibis ◽  
Matthias Resch ◽  
Hanne Sæle ◽  
Markus Zdrallek

This article outlines methods to facilitate the assessment of the impact of electric vehicle charging on distribution networks at planning stage and applies them to a case study. As network planning is becoming a more complex task, an approach to automated network planning that yields the optimal reinforcement strategy is outlined. Different reinforcement measures are weighted against each other in terms of technical feasibility and costs by applying a genetic algorithm. Traditional reinforcements as well as novel solutions including voltage regulation are considered. To account for electric vehicle charging, a method to determine the uptake in equivalent load is presented. For this, measured data of households and statistical data of electric vehicles are combined in a stochastic analysis to determine the simultaneity factors of household load including electric vehicle charging. The developed methods are applied to an exemplary case study with Norwegian low-voltage networks. Different penetration rates of electric vehicles on a development path until 2040 are considered.


Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 1832
Author(s):  
Jinfeng Liu ◽  
Xin Qu ◽  
Herbert Ho-Ching Iu

Low-voltage and high-current direct current (DC) power supplies are essential for aerospace and shipping. However, its robustness and dynamic response need to be optimized further on some special occasions. In this paper, a novel rectification system platform is built with the low-voltage and high-current permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), in which the DC voltage double closed-loop control system is constructed with the backstepping control method and the sliding mode variable structure (SMVS). In the active component control structure of this system, reasonable virtual control variables are set to obtain the overall structural control variable which satisfied the stability requirements of Lyapunov stability theory. Thus, the fast-tracking and the global adjustment of the system are realized and the robustness is improved. Since the reactive component control structure is simple and no subsystem has to be constructed, the SMVS is used to stabilize the system power factor. By building a simulation model and experimental platform of the 5 V/300 A rectification module based on the PMSG, it is verified that the power factor of the system can reach about 98.5%. When the load mutation occurs, the DC output achieves stability again within 0.02 s, and the system fluctuation rate does not exceed 2%.


Author(s):  
Fouad Farah ◽  
Mustapha El Alaoui ◽  
Abdelali El Boutahiri ◽  
Mounir Ouremchi ◽  
Karim El Khadiri ◽  
...  

In this paper, we aim to make a detailed study on the evaluation and the characteristics of the non-inverting buck–boost converter. In order to improve the behaviour of the buck-boost converter for the three operating modes, we propose an architecture based on peak current-control. Using a three modes selection circuit and a soft start circuit, this converter is able to expand the power conversion efficiency and reduce inrush current at the feedback loop. The proposed converter is designed to operate with a variable output voltage. In addition, we use LDMOS transistors with low on-resistance, which are adequate for HV applications. The obtained results show that the proposed buck-boost converter perform perfectly compared to others architecture and it is successfully implemented using 0.18 μm CMOS TSMC technology, with an output voltage regulated to 12V and input voltage range of 4-20 V. The power conversion efficiency for the three operating modes buck, boost and buck-boost are 97.6%, 96.3% and 95.5% respectively at load current of 4A.


Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 4093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mora ◽  
Núñez ◽  
Visairo ◽  
Segundo ◽  
Camargo

This paper deals with a battery energy storage system (BESS) in only one of its multiple operating modes, that is when the BESS is charging the battery bank and with the focus on the control scheme design for the BESS input stage, which is a three-phase LCL-filter PWM rectifier. The rectifier's main requirements comprise output voltage regulation, power factor control, and low input current harmonic distortion, even in the presence of input voltage variations. Typically, these objectives are modeled by using a dq model with its corresponding two-loop controller architecture, including an outer voltage loop and a current internal loop. This paper outlines an alternative approach to tackle the problem by using not only an input–output map linearization controller, with the aim of a single-loop current control, but also by avoiding the dq modeling. In this case, the voltage is indirectly controlled by computing the current references based on the converter power balance. The mathematical model of the three-phase LCL-filter PWM rectifier is defined based on the delta connection of the filter, which accomplishes the requirements of a 100 kW BESS module. Extensive simulation results are included to confirm the performance of the proposed closed-loop control in practical applications.


Complexity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Nasiri ◽  
Saleh Mobayen ◽  
Quan Min Zhu

In recent years, the complexities of wind turbine control are raised while implementing grid codes in voltage sag conditions. In fact, wind turbines should stay connected to the grid and inject reactive power according to the new grid codes. Accordingly, this paper presents a new control algorithm based on super-twisting sliding mode for a gearless wind turbine by a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). The PMSG is connected to the grid via the back-to-back converter. In the proposed method, the machine side converter regulates the DC-link voltage. This strategy improves low-voltage ride through (LVRT) capability. In addition, the grid side inverter provides the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control. It should be noted that the super-twisting sliding mode (STSM) control is implemented to effectively deal with nonlinear relationship between DC-link voltage and the input control signal. The main features of the designed controller are being chattering-free and its robustness against external disturbances such as grid fault conditions. Simulations are performed on the MATLAB/Simulink platform. This controller is compared with Proportional-Integral (PI) and the first-order sliding mode (FOSM) controllers to illustrate the DC-link voltage regulation capability in the normal and grid fault conditions. Then, to show the MPPT implementation of the proposed controller, wind speed is changed with time. The simulation results show designed STSM controller better performance and robustness under different conditions.


2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 100807
Author(s):  
Carlos Andrés Ramos-Paja ◽  
Daniel Gonzalez Montoya ◽  
Juan David Bastidas-Rodríguez

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