scholarly journals Addressing Inequality: The First Step Beyond COVID-19 and Towards Sustainability

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 5404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Ashford ◽  
Ralph P. Hall ◽  
Johan Arango-Quiroga ◽  
Kyriakos A. Metaxas ◽  
Amy L. Showalter
Keyword(s):  
Social Systems ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Strategies ◽  
Emerging And Developing Countries ◽  
Government Provision ◽  
Means Of Production

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted billions of lives across the world and has revealed and worsened the social and economic inequalities that have emerged over the past several decades. As governments consider public health and economic strategies to respond to the crisis, it is critical they also address the weaknesses of their economic and social systems that inhibited their ability to respond comprehensively to the pandemic. These same weaknesses have also undermined efforts to advance equality and sustainability. This paper explores over 30 interventions across the following nine categories of change that hold the potential to address inequality, provide all citizens with access to essential goods and services, and advance progress towards sustainability: (1) Income and wealth transfers to facilitate an equitable increase in purchasing power/disposable income; (2) broadening worker and citizen ownership of the means of production and supply of services, allowing corporate profit-taking to be more equitably distributed; (3) changes in the supply of essential goods and services for more citizens; (4) changes in the demand for more sustainable goods and services desired by people; (5) stabilizing and securing employment and the workforce; (6) reducing the disproportionate power of corporations and the very wealthy on the market and political system through the expansion and enforcement of antitrust law such that the dominance of a few firms in critical sectors no longer prevails; (7) government provision of essential goods and services such as education, healthcare, housing, food, and mobility; (8) a reallocation of government spending between military operations and domestic social needs; and (9) suspending or restructuring debt from emerging and developing countries. Any interventions that focus on growing the economy must also be accompanied by those that offset the resulting compromises to health, safety, and the environment from increasing unsustainable consumption. This paper compares and identifies the interventions that should be considered as an important foundational first step in moving beyond the COVID-19 pandemic and towards sustainability. In this regard, it provides a comprehensive set of strategies that could advance progress towards a component of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 10 to reduce inequality within countries. However, the candidate interventions are also contrasted with all 17 SDGs to reveal potential problem areas/tradeoffs that may need careful attention.

scholarly journals Socially acceptable consumer budget in the Arctic regions of Russia

POPULATION ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
Elena G. Zlenko
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Subsistence Minimum ◽  
The Social ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
The Impact

The need for accelerated social and economic development of the Arctic as a priority geostrategic territory of the Russian Federation requires a special approach to the issues of incomes of the population of the Arctic regions, and, above all, to the social criterion. Foreign experience in formation of minimum consumer budgets, domestic developments in this area and methodological principles of its formation used for a living wage have determined the priorities in choosing a social criterion. The key role in addressing this issue is played by the system of low-income consumer budgets (the subsistence minimum (SM) and the socially acceptable (recovery) consumer budget, which exceeds the subsistence minimum by about 3 times) within the framework of the general classification of the system of normative consumer budgets developed by the scientific school of the All-Russian Center for Living Standards. The methodological basis for formation of a socially acceptable consumer budget is determined by the provisions based on the recovery level of population consumption in conjunction with low incomes and taking into account the satisfaction of material, spiritual and social needs, a variety of consumer properties and benefits, as well as the impact on the consumption characteristics of the natural, climatic, economic, social and other special factors of the Arctic. Important for the social criterion qualities — validity and transparency — are ensured through application of the normative method of forming a socially acceptable consumer basket, which includes sets of food products, non-food goods and services. The normative socially acceptable consumer budget is differentiated by the specific of consumption of different categories of the population that is reflected in the structure and volume of consumption. The size of the socially acceptable consumer budget is determined by the cost of the consumer basket, as well as expenses on savings and mandatory payments and fees. Regional differences in the factors influencing the formation of a socially acceptable consumer budget cause territorial diversity in the level of the indicator in the Arctic zone.

DYNAMICS OF EDUCATIONAL CONTENT IN THE LIFE CYCLE DISCOURSE OF INDUSTRIAL CIVILIZATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
V. Zinkevych ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Educational Content ◽  
Revolutionary Change ◽  
The Social ◽  
Industrial Civilization ◽  
Means Of Production

the article analyzes the place and role of changing the knowledge paradigm in the self-deployment of industrial civilization in accordance with the life cycle of the industrial education system; the content of education determines, as it turns out, all other parameters of the teaching and educational process, because it is a product of the development of fundamental science on the one hand, and on the other – determines the state of scientific and technological process on the basis of which there is a revolutionary change in the means of production, which entails a change in the so-called technological structures and poses the problem of compliance of the workforce functional means of production; on the basis of these changes, the global and regional communities have steadily risen along the axis of the evolutionary development of the social world, leaving behind artifacts of culture of one or another historical age on the shelves of the planetary archive; it is argued that two methodological conditions must be used to analyze the dynamics of knowledge change: to apply the civilizational approach and the paradigm of the life cycle of social systems, since this phenomenon has a long-lasting dimension in space and time; it is emphasized that knowledge is the basic and system-forming element of self-deployment of civilization and therefore it can be used (according to Foucault) as a methodological criterion for assessing the quality of life of civilization; the meaning of educational content at each stage of industrial civilization life is distinguished: natural knowledge prevailed at the stage of its origin; at the stage of growth – technical knowledge that corresponded to the essence of civilization itself; at the stage of maturity – scientific knowledge turned into ideologues of social development, which led to the emergence of technocratism and "drove" the planetary community into a dead end; at the stage of decline – technological knowledge led to the loss of mainstream guide of social development and began the catastrophic destruction of the social organism of the planet, which entails a change in the type of civilizational development; the solution is seen in the rise of the planetary community into the space of informational civilization, the transition of education to mastering methodological knowledge corresponds to it.

Dynamics of educational content in the life cycle discourse of industrial civilization

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
V. I. Zinkevych ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Educational Content ◽  
Revolutionary Change ◽  
The Social ◽  
Industrial Civilization ◽  
Means Of Production

The article analyzes the place and role of changing the knowledge paradigm in the self-deployment of industrial civilization in accordance with the life cycle of the industrial education system; the content of education determines, as it turns out, all other parameters of the teaching and educational process, because it is a product of the development of fundamental science on the one hand, and on the other – determines the state of scientific and technological process on the basis of which there is a revolutionary change in the means of production, which entails a change in the so-called technological structures and poses the problem of compliance of the workforce functional means of production; on the basis of these changes, the global and regional communities have steadily risen along the axis of the evolutionary development of the social world, leaving behind artifacts of culture of one or another historical age on the shelves of the planetary archive; it is argued that two methodological conditions must be used to analyze the dynamics of knowledge change: to apply the civilizational approach and the paradigm of the life cycle of social systems, since this phenomenon has a long-lasting dimension in space and time; it is emphasized that knowledge is the basic and system-forming element of self-deployment of civilization and therefore it can be used (according to Foucault) as a methodological criterion for assessing the quality of life of civilization; the meaning of educational content at each stage of industrial civilization life is distinguished: natural knowledge prevailed at the stage of its origin; at the stage of growth – technical knowledge that corresponded to the essence of civilization itself; at the stage of maturity – scientific knowledge turned into ideologues of social development, which led to the emergence of technocratism and "drove" the planetary community into a dead end; at the stage of decline – technological knowledge led to the loss of mainstream guide of social development and began the catastrophic destruction of the social organism of the planet, which entails a change in the type of civilizational development; the solution is seen in the rise of the planetary community into the space of informational civilization, the transition of education to mastering methodological knowledge corresponds to it.

scholarly journals The Size of the Public Economy and Its Economic Efficiency Problem

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Mehmet Nar
Keyword(s):  
Social Needs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Social ◽  
Public Economy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Significant Size

The public economy, which has reached a significant size in terms of both quality and quantity, collects and spends resources between 30% and 70% of GDP on average, shapes up the economy, and acts as a complementary element next to the private sector. Therefore in this study, the relationship between the size of the public sector (its spending) and its efficiency was analyzed. For this purpose, a 24-year data of the period, 1995 to 2018, were evaluated. In this context, a comparison was made between the data of 36 OECD-member countries and seven non-OECD countries. In conclusion, it was seen that, since OECD-member countries are generally high-income countries, public expenditures in those countries are far from populism and are used effectively in order to meet the social needs. On the other hand, in developing countries, since the growth in the public expenditures tends towards mostly public goods and services in which political actors are given priority, the efficiency either remains limited or is negative.

The Social Impact of Suffering: Physical Pain Thwarts Social Needs

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Riva ◽  
James H. Wirth ◽  
Kipling D. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Physical Pain ◽  
The Social

New research frameworks in the study of chimpanzee and gorilla sociality and communication

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam G. B. Roberts ◽  
Anna Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Social Evolution ◽  
Social Complexity ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
The Social ◽  
Human Social Evolution ◽  
Research Frameworks ◽  
New Research ◽  
Large Groups

Group size in primates is strongly correlated with brain size, but exactly what makes larger groups more ‘socially complex’ than smaller groups is still poorly understood. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) are among our closest living relatives and are excellent model species to investigate patterns of sociality and social complexity in primates, and to inform models of human social evolution. The aim of this paper is to propose new research frameworks, particularly the use of social network analysis, to examine how social structure differs in small, medium and large groups of chimpanzees and gorillas, to explore what makes larger groups more socially complex than smaller groups. Given a fission-fusion system is likely to have characterised hominins, a comparison of the social complexity involved in fission-fusion and more stable social systems is likely to provide important new insights into human social evolution

Challenges for income generation methods in monopoly companies

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-64
Author(s):  
Ali Zurapov
Keyword(s):  
Market Competition ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Income Generation ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
Technical Base ◽  
Fundamental Goal ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Commercial Organization

In conditions of market competition, the fundamental goal of any commercial organization is to obtain the greatest profit, which directly depends on the amount of income received and expenses incurred. Current paper discuses  about main source of development of the material and technical base of the enterprise, replenishment of its own working capital, ensuring the social needs of the companies. Main objectivity is income factor in the stability of the existence and progress of the monopoly companies. In this regard, the management of the income of the organization is currently quite an urgent task for every giant entrepreneur. The article reveals the essence, purpose, objectives and measures in the field of enterprise revenue management. On the example of a particular enterprise, a dynamic and structural analysis of its revenues is carried out.

DEMOCRATIZATION OF THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION AS A PREREQUISITE FOR THE INDIVIDUALS’ DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL OF THE SUBJECTS OF ITS ACTION

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-24
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Ryabchenko
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
The Social ◽  
Conceptual Problems ◽  
Capital Development

There are following prerequisites outlined in this article: worldwide democratization trend; complexity of structures of social systems; growing needs in human capital development; autonomy of national higher education institutions; civilizational problem of Ukraine in national elite. Conceptual problems on a road to real democracy in higher education institutions were actualized and analyzed. Determined and characterized three models of higher education institutions activities based on the level of democratization needs of their social environment as: negative, neutral and favorable.

A Group Awaiting Death: The Social Systems Perspective on a Naturally Occurring Group Situation

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Starker ◽  
Joan E. Starker
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Systems Theory ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Task Structure ◽  
Systems Perspective ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The Social ◽  
Group Situation ◽  
Imminent Death

The decline and imminent death of an individual in a hospital's intensive care unit led to the creation of a transient group composed of family and friends. The dynamics of this tragic group are explored using the concepts provided by Social Systems theory. Ambiguity of the task structure and its inherent frustrations, fluidity of leadership and power, and failure of a utopian defense are all discussed as contributors to subsequent dissension and splitting. The social systems perspective provides a useful tool for understanding this naturally occurring group situation.

Personality and Social Contexts as Sources of Change and Continuity Across the Life Span

2018 ◽  
pp. 750-776
Author(s):  
Abigail J. Stewart ◽  
Kay Deaux
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Movement Participation

This chapter provides a framework designed to address how individual persons respond to changes and continuities in social systems and historical circumstances at different life stages and in different generations. We include a focus on systematic differences among the people who experience these changes in the social environment—differences both in the particular situations they find themselves in and in their personalities. Using examples from research on divorce, immigration, social movement participation, and experiences of catastrophic events, we make a case for an integrated personality and social psychology that extends the analysis across time and works within socially and historically important contexts.

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