scholarly journals Sustainable Management of Peanut Shell through Biochar and Its Application as Soil Ameliorant

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13796
Author(s):  
Aisha Nazir ◽  
Um-e- Laila ◽  
Firdaus-e- Bareen ◽  
Erum Hameed ◽  
Muhammad Shafiq
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Peanut Shell ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Agricultural Application ◽  
Soil Ameliorant ◽  
Temperature Scanning ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Water Holding

The current research encompasses utilization of peanut shells (PS) as feedstock for pyrolysis carried out at various temperatures (250, 400, and 550 °C) for deriving biochar, namely PS-BC250, PS-BC400, and PS-BC550. After analyzing the biochar types physicochemically, it was applied as a soil ameliorant for the growth of cucumber. The results showed that in prepared biochar type, bulk density, volatile contents, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen content decreased, whereas pH, electrical conductivity, ash content, fixed carbon content, and surface area increased with the increasing temperature. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) presented high porosity, re-orientation of vessels, and a greater number of aromatic compounds, respectively, for PS-BC prepared at 550 °C. On applying PS-BC250, PS-BC400, and PS-BC550 as amendments in potted soil at 2, 4, and 6% (w/w), it improved soil quality (viz pH, ECe, BD, and soil water holding capacity) and increased the yield of cucumber. Because of improved soil properties and crop yield, PS-BC550 at the rate of 4% (w/w) demonstrated a great potential for agricultural application while provisioning dual circular economic indicators in the form of diverting PS waste to an effective alternative of chemical fertilizer having intensive carbon footprints in cucumber production.

scholarly journals Evaluación energética de biocombustibles sólidos elaborados a partir de mezclas de biomasa lignocelulósica

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Irene Carolina Beltrón Vinces ◽  
Holger Eugenio Palacios Bravo ◽  
Ernesto Rosero Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Peanut Shell ◽  
Corn Stalk ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Solid Biofuels ◽  
Mixed Biomass ◽  
Lignocellulosic Residue

  the purpose of this work is to determine the energy capacity of solid biofuels (pellets) made from the mixture of lignocellulosic biomass. The residues used were peanut husk (Arachishypogaea) and corn stalk (Zea mays L.) present in different proportions in a total of five mixtures. The highest calorific value obtained (30534,89kJ / kg) was that of mixture 4 in proportions of peanut shell and corn stalk 25:75 respectively with an ash production of 9,49% and a fixed carbon content of 26,18% results that favor the efficiency of the pellet in the combustion process (Tmax = 787 ± 13°C) while the mixture 1 (100% peanut shell) obtained the lowest energy content (M1: 28191,06 kJ / kg) With the results obtained, it was determined that pellets made from mixed biomass have better properties than those manufactured by a single type of lignocellulosic residue.   Index Terms— ash, biomass, caloric power, fixed carbon, pellets.

scholarly journals THE PROPERTIES OF CHARCOAL FROM THE BLACK LIQUOR OF THE SODA PULPING OF RICE STRAW

REAKTOR ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyoman Jaya Wistara ◽  
Gokma Silaban ◽  
Gustan Pari
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Silicate Content ◽  
Soda Pulping ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The main goal of the present works was to determine chemical changes, thermal decomposition, and the content of moisture, ash, volatile, fixed carbon and calorific value of soda pulping black liquor of the rice straw. Neutralized black liquor was dried to a moisture content of 10% and then pyrolized at 106oC-750oC. It was found that calorific value, fixed carbon, volatile mater, and moisture content were in the range of 2782-4716 cal/g, 49.2-81.6%, 15.5-47.5%, and 0.2-3.5%, respectively. Ash content was not influenced by the temperature of pyrolysis and was thought to depend on its initial silicate content. The weight loss of pulp was higher than that of black liquor. Extreme weight loss has been found in the temperature of 200-400oC. Noticeable functional groups changes were found with the increasing temperature of pyrolysis. Hydroxyl group completely disappeared at 300oC and above. Carbonyl related groups were also disappeared at 300-500oC, but it was reformed at 650 and 750oC. It might be brought about by the deformation of chemical bonding of oxygen ring in lignin structures. SIFAT-SIFAT ARANG LINDI HITAM DARI PEMASAKAN JERAMI DENGAN LARUTAN SODA API. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan perubahan sifat kimia, dekomposisi termal dan kadar air, abu, zat terbang, karbon terikat serta nilai kalor arang lindi hitam pemasakan soda jerami padi. Dalam penelitian ini, lindi hitam netral dikeringkan (kadar air 10%), kemudian dipirolisis pada selang suhu 100-750oC di dalam reaktor berpengatur suhu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai kalor, karbon terikat, zat terbang dan kadar air masing-masing berselangdari 2782-4716 cal/g, 49,2-81,6%, 15,5-47,5%, dan 0,2-3,5%. Kadar abu tidak dipengaruhi oleh suhu pirolisis dan diduga bergantung pada kadar silika bahan bakunya. Nilai kalor meningkat dengan meningkatnya kadar karbon terikat. Perilaku kehilangan berat arang dari lindi hitam berbeda dengan perilaku kehilangan berat pulp jerami. Kehilangan berat pulp lebih tinggi dari kehilangan berat arang lindi hitam. Kehilangan berat yang tajam terjadi pada selang suhu 200-400oC. Perubahan gugus fungsi yang nyata terjadi dengan meningkatnya suhu pirolisis. Gugus hidroksil menghilang pada suhu 300oC atau lebih. Gugus terkarbonilasi menghilang pada suhu 300-500oC, tetapi terbentuk kembali pada suhu 650oC dan 750oC. Hal ini kemungkinan disebabkan oleh deformasi ikatan kimia oksigen di dalam cincin dari struktur lignin.

Compression, Bend, and Tension Studies on Forged Al67Ti25Cr8 and Al66Ti25Mn9 L12 Compounds

1990 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.S. Kumar ◽  
S. A. Brown ◽  
J.D. Whittenberger
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Strain Gages ◽  
Strain Measurements ◽  
Transgranular Cleavage ◽  
Point Bend ◽  
Temperature Scanning ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Strength And Ductility ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACTCast, homogenized, and isothermally forged aluminum-rich L12 compounds Al87Ti25Cr8 and Al66Ti25Mn9 were tested in compression as a function of temperature and as a function of strain rate at elevated temperatures (1000K and 1100K). Three-point bend specimens were tested as a function of temperature in the range 300K to 873K. Strain gages glued on the tensile side of the ambient and 473K specimens enabled direct strain measurements. A number of “buttonhead” tensile specimens were electro-discharge machined, fine polished, and tested between ambient and 1073K for yield strength and ductility as a function of temperature. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination of fracture surfaces from both the bend and tensile specimens revealed a gradual transition from transgranular cleavage to intergranular failure with increasing temperature.

scholarly journals CytroCell: Valued Cellulose from Citrus Processing Waste

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 596
Author(s):  
Antonino Scurria ◽  
Lorenzo Albanese ◽  
Mario Pagliaro ◽  
Federica Zabini ◽  
Francesco Giordano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Hydrodynamic Cavitation ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Functional Material ◽  
Processing Waste ◽  
Chemical Research ◽  
Mass Scale Production ◽  
Water Holding

Isolating cellulose from citrus processing waste without employing chemicals has so far been an unfulfilled goal of chemical research applied to the valorization of a widely available biowaste, annually totaling >100 million tonnes. We have applied hydrodynamic cavitation using a Venturi-type reactor for the extraction of all valued bioproducts of industrial citrus processing waste in water only, directly on a semi-industrial scale. After reporting the discovery of IntegroPectin in the soluble fraction of the aqueous extract, we now report the isolation of a cellulosic material in the water-insoluble fraction of cavitated lemon and grapefruit processing waste. Named “CytroCell”, the material is cellulose of low crystallinity, high porosity, good water holding capacity and good dispersibility in water. These properties open the route to mass-scale production of a useful functional material from a cheap and abundant biowaste.

scholarly journals Effect of Peanut Shell Torrefaction on Qualities of The Produced Bio-pellet

REAKTOR ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (04) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiyo Wibowo ◽  
Ningseh Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Peanut Shell ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Fuel Consumption Rate ◽  
Peanut Shells ◽  
Previously Treated

Peanut shells could be regarded as biomass wastes generated from agricultural products, which are abundantly available.  The current handling of those wastes is merely through direct incineration, without a proper and controlled manner. Consequently, it could arouse environmental concerns, such as air pollution and human respiratory diseases.  One alternative solution is converting those peanut shells to bio-pellet, expectedly applicable for fuels.  Relevantly, research on bio-pellet manufacture from peanut shells, previously treated with the torrefaction, was conducted. It’s aimed mainly to identify the fuel-related characteristics of bio-pellet products.  The tested bio-pellet parameters covered, moisture content, ash content, volatile matters, fixed carbon content, calorific values, and density.  The results revealed that torrefaction temperature and time at raw materials (peanut shells) could improve their qualities in regard to particular calorific value compared to those before such torrefaction; which referred to Indonesia’s Standard (SNI-8021-2014) for wood bio-pellet.  Further, torrefaction could increase bio-pellet quality which satisfied the SNI’s Standard, except for ash content.  Optimal torrefaction treatment was obtained at 300oC temperature for 60 minutes, whereby it achieved remarkable bio-pellet characteristics in terms of moisture content (3.092%), ash content (6.116%), volatile matters (38.387%), fixed carbon (55.447%), calorific value (6174 cal/g), and density (0.703 g/cm3). The torrefaction bio-pellets from peanut shells could achieve remarkable performances, with respect to fuel consumption rate (0.68 kg/hr), heating value (6174 kcal/kg), and thermal efficiency (16.67%).

scholarly journals Impact of the New Textile Policy and Textile Waste Management System in India and a Move towards Sustainable Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1016-1021
Author(s):  
Dr. Sumanta Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Textile Waste ◽  
Rural Village ◽  
Excess Amount ◽  
Economical Growth ◽  
Textile Sector ◽  
Pineapple Leaves

Abstract: Textile Industry is a very old and second most growing industry in India . It is also the second largest producer after China. Textile manufacturing process produces humongous amount of chemical toxic and utilizes excess amount of water which can serve a rural village for a year , Textile industry has contributed to climate change and air and water pollution ,today the world is adopting sustainable methods in textile sector to reduce their emission followed by Textile waste , India produces 1 million tonnes of textile waste per years where the household also amounts to good amount of it . Many of brands have to burn their product because of less sell and many because of over production which not only results in lost but also contributes to carbon footprints. Countries have started to utilize alternative textiles like pineapple leaves instead of cotton to reduce soil erosion , followed by man made fabric , use of plastic for making clothes. We need to introduce PPP model to collect waste and adjoin skill development programme and entrepreneurship for better sustainable economical growth and proper management. Keywords: Textile Industry, manufacturing, textile waste, carbon footprints, alternative textile, cotton, water pollution

scholarly journals The effect of granular activated carbon on the physical properties of soils at copper contamination

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 09003
Author(s):  
Inna Zamulina ◽  
David Pinsky ◽  
Marina Burachevskaya ◽  
Tatiana Bauer ◽  
Alena Pshenichnaya
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Structural State ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Copper Contamination ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Positive Effect

In this study, the effect of granular activated carbon on the physical properties of soils containing copper pollution was presented. The result showed activated carbon could exert a positive effect on accelerating the process of restoring the physical properties of the soil, due to the high porosity and the specific surface area. The soil after remediation with the activated carbon showed better structural state and more water-holding capacity.

scholarly journals Potential Application of Biochar Composite Derived from Rice Straw and Animal Bones to Improve Plant Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 11104
Author(s):  
Um-e-Laila Um-e-Laila ◽  
Adnan Hussain ◽  
Aisha Nazir ◽  
Muhammad Shafiq ◽  
Firdaus-e-Bareen Firdaus-e-Bareen
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Animal Bones ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Derivatives Of

The current study is aimed at deriving biochar (BC) from rice straw (RS-BC) and waste bones (WB-BC), being wasted without adequate return at the expense of environmental degradation. The RS and WB feedstocks were pyrolyzed at 550 oC, and the potential of derived biochar as a slow nutrient releasing soil amendment was examined during the growth of ridge gourd. Proximate analysis of the prepared biochars showed significant improvement in ash content and fixed carbon as compared to their raw biomasses. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis of RS-BC and WB-BC displayed a diverse range of functional groups viz. derivatives of cellulose and hydroxylapatite (HA); macro and microporosity; multiple nutrients. Application of RS-BC and WB-BC in potted soil alone and as biochar composite (RS-BC+WB-BC) at 5, 10 and 15% (w/w) and chemical fertilizer (CF) resulted in a significant increase in soil pH, electrical conductivity (ECe), cation exchange capacity (CEC) and water holding capacity (WHC) in exchange for growth and yield of ridge gourd. However, there were insignificant differences in the growth of plants in response to RS-BC, WB-BC alone and CF with biochar composite at 15% amendment. For giving insignificantly different growth results than CF, the prepared biochar composite showed outstanding potential as an organic fertilizer applicable in agrarian soils to elevate soil properties and yield of agricultural commodities.

scholarly journals Green environment: Effects of acetate buffer on cellulose production by Acetobacter xylinum 0416 in fermented static cultivation

2022 ◽  
Vol 951 (1) ◽  
pp. 012025
Author(s):  
N Hishammuddin ◽  
K A Radzun ◽  
M H Syafiq ◽  
S A Rahman ◽  
S A Bahari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Water ◽  
Acetobacter Xylinum ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Cellulose Production ◽  
Environment Effects ◽  
Fermentation Method ◽  
Static Cultivation ◽  
Water Holding

Abstract Bacterial cellulose (BC) white leathery pellicle produced from fermentation process of Acetobacter xylinum has many advantages such as high-water holding capacity, high porosity and high purity compared to plant cellulose. However, one of the BC application problems in industry is its low bio-cellulose productivity. The significant decrease of BC production can be effected by the reduction of pH culture due to production of by-product, gluconic acid during the static fermentation process. Therefore, the production of BC pellicle would be improved efficiently by controlling the pH of BC static cultivation. Bio-cellulose dry weight was at the greatest in acetates of 5.66 g/L while the dry weight derived from BC is 2.72 and 2.56 g/L in Control and Hestrin and Schramm (HS). The acetate buffered medium can be completed in a static fermentation method which can improve BC film production effectively.

scholarly journals Sound Absorption of Sustainable Polymer Nanofibrous Thin Membranes Bonded to a Bulk Porous Material

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Ulrich ◽  
Jorge P. Arenas
Keyword(s):  
Sound Absorption ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Membrane Area ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Thin Membranes

In this paper, the standardized characterization of nanofibrous membranes used to coat three porous bulk acoustical materials (melamine foam, a polyester textile, and an MDF perforated panel) is presented. The membranes were manufactured from recyclable Polyamide 6 (PA6) and water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) using the needleless electrospinning technique. This resulted in very thin membranes that had high porosity and very high airflow resistivity. The membranes were collected in a high-permeability nonwoven substrate. Measured results in both an impedance tube and a reverberation room showed significant improvements in the sound absorption performance of the bulk materials after incorporating the nanofibrous layer. The application of the membranes on the surface of a traditional air-backed perforated panel also improved the sound absorption, exhibiting a broad peak of sound absorption in the low-frequency range. This was particularly true when the membrane area weight was increased. It is concluded that these materials, manufactured as described in this paper, can be alternatives to glass, mineral, and ceramic fibrous materials, which have high carbon footprints.

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