scholarly journals Effect of Atmospheric Cold Plasma Treatments on Reduction of Alternaria Toxins Content in Wheat Flour

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabet Janić Hajnal ◽  
Milan Vukić ◽  
Lato Pezo ◽  
Dejan Orčić ◽  
Nevena Puač ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cold Plasma ◽  
Plasma Source ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Alternariol Monomethyl Ether ◽  
Plasma Treatments ◽  
Alternaria Toxins

Beside Fusarium toxins, Alternaria toxins are among the most commonly found mycotoxins in wheat and wheat products. Currently, investigations of possibilities of reduction of Alternaria toxins in the wheat-processing chain are limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the potency of cold atmospheric plasma treatments, as a new non-thermal approach, for reduction of alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) and tentoxin (TEN) content in spiked white wheat flour samples. Samples were treated with plasma generated in the air during 30 s to 180 s, with an increment step of 30 s, and at four varying distances from the cold plasma source (6 mm, 21 mm, 36 mm and 51 mm). The reduction of the Alternaria toxins content in samples after treatment was monitored by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The maximum reduction of the examined Alternaria toxins was obtained by treatment performed at 6 mm distance from the plasma source, lasting 180 s, resulting in reductions of 60.6%, 73.8% and 54.5% for AOH, AME and TEN, respectively. According to the obtained experimental results, five empirical models in the form of the second-order polynomials were developed for the prediction of AOH, AME and TEN reduction, as well as the temperature and the moisture content of the wheat flour, that gave a good fit to experimental data and were able to predict the response variables successfully. The developed second-order polynomial models showed high coefficients of determination for prediction of experimental results (between 0.918 and 0.961).

Polyolefinic Surface Activation by Low and Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatments

2014 ◽  
Vol 805 ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
M.A. Martinez ◽  
J. Abenojar ◽  
N. Encinas
Keyword(s):  
Surface Energy ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Cold Plasma ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Adhesive Bonds ◽  
Lightweight Structures ◽  
Low Surface Energy ◽  
Plasma Treatments

Polyolefins are increasingly used in the construction of lightweight structures. Due to their low surface energy, it is difficult to have a proper bond with adhesives and paints. By using cold plasma treatments, these surfaces can be activated through the formation of highly reactive functional groups that can promote high strength adhesive bonds. This paper compares the results of cold plasma treatments using two techniques (low pressure and atmospheric plasma torch) applied on polypropylene and high density polyethylene. The obtained data allow the demonstration of a higher effectiveness of atmospheric plasma, with a significant increase in surface energy in both materials.

scholarly journals Cold atmospheric plasma risk assessment: stem cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-96
Author(s):  
R. Jamshidi ◽  
K. Hajizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cold Plasma ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma ◽  
Plasma Source ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Cell Deformation ◽  
Jet Plasma

Regarding the fact that cell shape indicates cell health and is of particular importance in the evaluation of new therapies, in this study, stem cell deformation during Atmospheric Pressure Plasma (APP) treatment was investigated. Given that, cell deformation is a warning of cell damage, it is therefore expected that APP-based therapy, a new modern technology that is expanding worldwide, will not lead to the deformation of normal cells. Here, the stem cells exposed to Helium-fed jet plasma, with two di erent powers of 15 and 25W. Moreover, the duration of exposure was changed (30, 50, 70, and 90 seconds) to determine the most appropriate exposure time and voltage, which maintains stem cells’ health condition. First of all, it was found that cold plasma at low power does not change the shape and elongation of stem cells. Besides, it was found that if the power of a cold plasma source is 25W, it will raise cell growth rate. In this paper, the gas ow rate of the helium plasma jet was set to 3.9 liters per minute, and a plasma source frequency of 30kHz was selected.

Hetero-Structure Integration using an Atmospheric Plasma Treatment for Surface Preparation before its Interconnection

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (DPC) ◽  
pp. 000817-000835
Author(s):  
Barbara Charlet ◽  
B. Charlet ◽  
L. Di Cioccio ◽  
N. Rochat ◽  
O. Renault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Water Drop ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Plasma Source ◽  
Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Hetero Structure ◽  
Passive Circuits ◽  
Wet Process ◽  
Novel Approach

One of the open challenges, related to the heterogeneous devices stacking, is its surface preparation, in order to assure the optimal electrical connections, and finally achieve the high performance structures having the stacked chips and passive components. Several techniques, using dry or wet process, allow the surface activation and preparation before the successive vertical interconnection achievement. We report the implementation of an environment friendly method, developed for chips and passive circuits surface preparation before its interconnection. This method is based on the use of atmospheric-pressure plasma source generating the radicals flux in the nitrogen or noble gases, mixed with a small volume of reactive gases, in order to stimulate the surface reactions. The surface properties of various treated materials were characterised by water drop contact angle, FTIR and TXRF method. The results of these behaviours allow defining a dedicated flow chart, in order to apply this surface treatment for the self-positioning of small silicon chips on the connection pads of printed passive circuits. Optimised process was applied to the silicon ICs chips assembly on the flexible polymeric substrates with passive devices; furthermore the treatment potentiality was also proved for other type of substrates and materials used for hetero structure integration. The application example given in this study concerns a novel approach of FRID tag assembly.

scholarly journals Preliminary Survey of Alternaria Toxins Reduction during Fermentation of Whole Wheat Dough

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Elizabet Janić Hajnal ◽  
Lato Pezo ◽  
Dejan Orčić ◽  
Ljubiša Šarić ◽  
Dragana Plavšić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Regression Function ◽  
Monomethyl Ether ◽  
Tenuazonic Acid ◽  
Alternariol Monomethyl Ether ◽  
Whole Wheat Flour ◽  
Wheat Dough ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Alternaria Toxins

The aim of this study was to investigate the fate of the most common Alternaria toxins found in wheat—tenuazonic acid (TeA), alternariol (AOH), and alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) during sourdough processing. For this purpose, spiked whole wheat flour, 3% sourdough starter, 0.5% of baker’s yeast, and 105% of water calculated on flour weight as a base were used as raw materials. Spiked whole wheat dough was fermented for 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h at 25 °C, and at each point the fermented dough samples were taken, frozen, lyophilized, grounded, and stored until further analysis. To study the effect of sourdough processing on TeA, AOH and AME content, the validated method of high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for these mycotoxins was used. Mathematical models of Alternaria toxins reduction were developed in the form of Four Parameter Logistic Regression function. The maximum reduction of TeA, AOH, and AME levels was archived at 48 h of dough fermentation at 25 °C compared with dough after kneading (0 h). Under these conditions, a reduction of the toxin levels of 60.3 %, 41.5%, and 24.1% was observed for TeA, AOH, and AME, respectively.

scholarly journals Development of a QuEChERS-Based UHPLC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Determination of Six Alternaria Toxins in Grapes

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenbo Guo ◽  
Kai Fan ◽  
Dongxia Nie ◽  
Jiajia Meng ◽  
Qingwen Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Safe Procedure ◽  
Alternariol Monomethyl Ether ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Alternaria Toxins ◽  
Relative Standard

A simple and reliable analytical method for the simultaneous determination of alternariol (AOH), altenuene (ALT), tentoxin (TEN), altenusin (ALS), tenuazonic acid (TeA), and alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) in grapes was developed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). A modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) procedure with the extraction by acetonitrile and purification by sodium chloride (0.5 g) and anhydrous magnesium sulfate (0.5 g) was established to recover the six Alternaria toxins. After validation by determining the linearity (R2 > 0.99), recovery (77.8–101.6%), sensitivity (limit of detection in the range of 0.03–0.21 μg kg−1, and limit of quantification in the range of 0.09–0.48 μg kg−1), and precision (relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤ 12.9%), the analytical method was successfully applied to reveal the contamination state of Alternaria toxins in grapes. Among 56 grape samples, 40 (incidence of 71.4%) were contaminated with Alternaria toxins. TEN was the most frequently found mycotoxin (37.5%), with a concentration range of 0.10–1.64 μg kg−1, followed by TeA (28.6%) and AOH (26.8%). ALT (10.7%), AME (3.6%), and ALS (5.4%) were also detected in some samples. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report about the Alternaria toxins contamination in grapes in China.

scholarly journals Effect of Wheat Milling Process on the Distribution of Alternaria Toxins

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabet Janić Hajnal ◽  
Jasna Mastilović ◽  
Ferenc Bagi ◽  
Dejan Orčić ◽  
Dragana Budakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Monomethyl Ether ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Dry Milling ◽  
Alternariol Monomethyl Ether ◽  
Alternaria Toxins ◽  
By Products

Alternaria toxins are mycotoxins produced by various Alternaria species which, besides the Fusarium species, represent the principal contaminants of wheat worldwide. As currently, only limited information on the behaviour of Alternaria toxins during processing of cereals is available, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the dry milling process of wheat on Alternaria toxins distribution. Alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) and tenuazonic acid (TeA) content were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in all milling fractions of untreated (control), fungicide-treated, Alternaria tenuissima inoculated and commercial wheat sample. After dry milling process, in last break and milling flows and by-products, increased concentration of examined Alternaria toxins was detected. TeA was quantified in almost all milling fractions in all tested wheat samples, while AOH and AME were detectable mostly in last break and milling flows and by-products. In respect to the contamination with Alternaria toxins, white flour can be considered as relatively safe product. Since Alternaria toxins are concentrated mainly in the peripheral parts of the kernel, a special attention should be given to their content in low-grade flours and milling by-products.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Alternaria toxins in fibre flax, linseed, and peas grown in organic and conventional farms: Monitoring pilot study

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 288-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Králová ◽  
J. Hajšlová ◽  
J. Poustka ◽  
M. Hochman ◽  
M. Bjelková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Monomethyl Ether ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Alternariol Monomethyl Ether ◽  
Fibre Flax ◽  
Alternaria Toxins ◽  
Flax Seeds ◽  
Food Commodities

Fungi representing Alternaria spp. are ubiquitous pathogens that may under certain conditions cause spoilage of various food crops. Several Alternaria species are known producers of toxic secondary metabolites in some fruits and vegetables, nevertheless, only limited knowledge is available on the occurrence of these mycotoxins in legumes and/or oilseeds used for human nutrition. In the first part of the presented study, the analytical method employing reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with fluorescence detection (FLD) was implemented to enable the examination of these food commodities for the presence of altenuene (AE), alternariol (AOH), and alternariol monomethyl ether (AME); the limits of detection were 1, 3 and 2 µg/kg for AE, AOH, and AME, respectively. Altogether 122 flax and 84 pea seed samples grown under organic and/or conventional farming conditions were analysed in the years 2002–2003. AME was detected in 20 flax seed samples; AE and AOH were present in only 2 and 4 samples, respectively. More frequent incidence of Alternaria toxins was recognised in fibre flax seeds as compared to linseed samples. Compared to the crops from the conventional farming, the concentrations of these mycotoxins found in positive organic samples were higher. No Alternaria mycotoxins were detected in the pea samples, probably due to the presence of antifungal compounds in the respective crop.  

scholarly journals Electrical Supply Circuit for a Cold Plasma Source at Atmospheric Pressure Based on a Voltage Multiplier

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2132
Author(s):  
Ovidiu S. Stoican
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Cold Plasma ◽  
Plasma Source ◽  
Electrical Circuit ◽  
Jet Formation ◽  
Voltage Multiplier ◽  
Voltage Output ◽  
Intermediate Output ◽  
Electrical Supply ◽  
Lower Voltage

A cold plasma source operating at atmospheric pressure powered by a voltage multiplier is reported. In addition to its usual high voltage output, there is an intermediate output of lower voltage and higher current capability. A discharge current is drawn from both outputs. The ratio of the current supplied by each output depends on the operating state, namely, before or after the plasma jet formation. The electrical circuit is equivalent to two dc sources connected in parallel, used to initiate and sustain the electrical discharge. The plasma source is aimed to study the effect of cold plasma on the surface of various liquid or solid materials, including polymers.

scholarly journals Evaluation of recent advances in recommender systems on Arabic content

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Srifi ◽  
Ahmed Oussous ◽  
Ayoub Ait Lahcen ◽  
Salma Mouline
Keyword(s):  
Recommender Systems ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Text Preprocessing

AbstractVarious recommender systems (RSs) have been developed over recent years, and many of them have concentrated on English content. Thus, the majority of RSs from the literature were compared on English content. However, the research investigations about RSs when using contents in other languages such as Arabic are minimal. The researchers still neglect the field of Arabic RSs. Therefore, we aim through this study to fill this research gap by leveraging the benefit of recent advances in the English RSs field. Our main goal is to investigate recent RSs in an Arabic context. For that, we firstly selected five state-of-the-art RSs devoted originally to English content, and then we empirically evaluated their performance on Arabic content. As a result of this work, we first build four publicly available large-scale Arabic datasets for recommendation purposes. Second, various text preprocessing techniques have been provided for preparing the constructed datasets. Third, our investigation derived well-argued conclusions about the usage of modern RSs in the Arabic context. The experimental results proved that these systems ensure high performance when applied to Arabic content.

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