scholarly journals Efficacy of Live Attenuated Vaccine and Commercially Available Lectin against Avian Pathogenic E. coli Infection in Broiler Chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed I. Abd El-Mawgoud ◽  
El-Shayma El-Nahass ◽  
Salama A.S. Shany ◽  
Azza A. EL-Sawah ◽  
Al-Hussien M. Dahshan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Live Attenuated Vaccine ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Attenuated Vaccine ◽  
Preventive Medication ◽  
Challenge Group

In this study, the protective efficacy of an E. coli live attenuated vaccine was compared to the preventive administration of lectin preparation before the challenge. Two hundred broiler chicks were divided into eight equal groups. The first group was used as a negative control group. Three groups were vaccinated at day 1 with the avian colibacillosis live vaccine of which one group served as a vaccinated nonchallenged group. Another two groups were treated with lectin product (0.5 mL/L drinking water) for three days before the challenge. The last two groups served as challenge control for either E. coli O78 or O125 strains. The challenge was conducted at three weeks of age with either homologous O78 or heterologous O125 E. coli strains, using 0.5 mL/bird of each avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) strain (~108 colony forming units “CFU”/mL)/subcutaneously. The bodyweight and feed conversion ratios (FCR) were calculated for four weeks. Clinical signs and gross and histopathological lesions were scored at two and seven days post inoculation (dpi). The heart and liver of euthanized chickens at 2 dpi were removed aseptically and homogenized to evaluate pathogenic E. coli colonization. Results showed that live avian colibacillosis vaccine reduced mortalities and APEC colonization in the homologous challenge group but not in the heterologous challenge group. Lectin-treated groups showed 20% and 16% mortality after challenge with E. coli O78 and O125, respectively, and both groups showed performance parameters, clinical signs, and histopathological lesion scores comparable to the negative control group, with variable E. coli colonization of heart and liver. The study demonstrated the efficacy of live attenuated avian colibacillosis vaccine against homologous but not heterologous APEC challenge in broiler chickens. The lectin-containing products can be used as a preventive medication to reduce the clinical impacts of colibacillosis regardless of the challenge strain. Standardization of the evaluation parameters for APEC vaccines is recommended.

scholarly journals Interleukin gene expression in broiler chickens infected by different Escherichia coli serotypes

2021 ◽  
pp. 2727-2734
Author(s):  
Reham Elnagar ◽  
Rasha Elkenany ◽  
Gamal Younis
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
E Coli ◽  
High Prevalence

Background and Aim: Escherichia coli is the cause of avian colibacillosis, a significant threat to the poultry industry and public health. Thus, this study investigated the prevalence of E. coli in diseased chicken broilers, pathological effects of these bacteria, and interleukin (IL) gene expression of different serotypes of E. coli (O78, O26, O44, and O55) on experimentally infected chickens. Materials and Methods: A total of 295 organ samples (liver, lungs, heart, and spleen) from 59 diseased broiler chickens were used for conventional identification of E. coli. Chickens were orally infected with one of the following E. coli serotypes (O78, O26, O44, or O55) and examined for clinical signs, mortality, macroscopic and microscopic lesions, and IL gene expression using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: E. coli was isolated from 53.2% of broiler chicken organs with a high prevalence in lungs (26.1%). The most prevalent serotypes were O78, O26, O44, O55, O157, and O127 prevalence of 27.8, 22.2, 16.7, 16.7, 5.6, and 5.6%, respectively. In the experimental design, five groups (G1-G5) of birds were established. G1 served as the negative control group, while G2-G5 were challenged orally with E. coli O78, O26, O55, or O44, respectively. Chickens infected with E. coli O78 or O26 showed significant clinical signs in comparison to the other infected birds. Mortality (13.3%) was only observed in birds infected with E. coli O78. Necropsy of dead birds after E. coli O78 infection showed pericarditis, enteritis, airsacculitis, and liver and lung congestion. More severe histopathological changes were observed in intestines, spleen, liver, and lung from chickens infected with either E. coli O78 or O26 than for birds infected with other serotypes. On the 2nd day post-infection, E. coli challenge, particularly with E. coli O78, displayed significantly upregulated levels of ileal IL-6 and IL-8, but ileal IL-10 level tended to be downregulated in comparison to the control group. Conclusion: This study assessed the application of cytokines as therapeutic agents against infectious diseases, particularly colibacillosis.

scholarly journals Dermal application of lactic acid based cream of a non pathogenic Kocuria marina (BMKO1) strain against Epidermophyton floccosum (MTCC 613) symptomatic excision mice model

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-s) ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
Soumya S Dash ◽  
Smaranika Pattnaik
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Drug Application ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Epidermophyton Floccosum

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal efficacy of Kocuria marina (BMKo1) derived Lactic acid against Epidermophyton floccosum (MTCC-613) infections induced on male Swiss Albino mice model (Mus musculus).  For this purpose, the isolated strain was subjected to ‘flask fermentation’ and the Lactic acid produced as fermentation product, was quantified and analysed. Prior to preclinical test, healthy mice models of approximately 8 weeks old and 25-30 gm (weight) were subjected to intra-dermal administration for a period of 15 days to test for toxicity. Mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes were continually monitored. Then the mouse models were inoculated with 100 µl/ml (V/V) of E. floccosum (MTCC-613) spore suspensions following ‘Excision model’. After induction of the infection, the symptomatic mice groups were subjected to topical application of Kocuria lactic acid cream based formulation at a concentration of 1µl/ml (V/V). The naked eye observations were made on the infected lesions till the absolute deduction of infection of excised skin surfaces. The degrees of deduction of infection were converted into scores and the percentages (%) of deduction of infection were calculated and the average value was derived. There were inclusion of positive control (Fluconazole) and negative control (group with infection induced excision, but without any drug application) mice groups for the sake of comparison. Further, with absolute deduction of infection score observed in mice group, applied with Kocuria derived Lactic acid was akin to Fluconazole activity. However, the infection induced mice group was found to be with substantial increase of degree of infection. This study have curtain raised about the anti Epidermophyton infection activity of a cream based  Cell free Lactic acid derived from a non pathogenic strain of Kocuria marina on mouse models. Keywords: Kocuria marina, Epidermophyton floccosum, Lactic acid

Protective Effect of Curcumin on Carbapenem-Resistant Escherichia coli–Induced Lung Injury in Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 101 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 304-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cagla Bali ◽  
Nejat Altintas ◽  
Ozlem Ozmete ◽  
Ibrahim Gelincik ◽  
Hakan Yabanoglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

Curcumin has remarkable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of curcumin on a rat model of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli–induced acute lung injury (ALI). Thirty-two rats were randomly allocated to 4 groups to induce an ALI: negative control group (rats not infected with E coli with no antibiotic treatment), positive control group (rats infected with E coli with no antibiotic treatment), imipenem group (rats infected with E coli that received intraperitoneal injection of imipenem), and the imipenem+curcumin group (rats infected with E coli that received intraperitoneal injection of imipenem and were fed on curcumin).The rats were killed, and lung tissues samples were harvested for biochemical analyses and histopathologic examination. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and interleukin-6 (IL6) were measured. TOS increased in the positive control group (P < 0.001) and decreased in the imipenem and imipenem+curcumin groups (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). TAS decreased in the positive control group (P = 0.005). Imipenem treatment did not increase TAS, but the imipenem+curcumin group increased TAS (P = 0.014). TNFα and IL6 increased in the positive control group compared with the negative control group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.010, respectively). Imipenem decreased TNFα (P < 0.001), but did not decrease IL6 (P = 0.418). Imipenem+curcumin decreased TNFα (P < 0.001); this decrease was more pronounced compared with the imipenem group (P = 0.008). IL6 decreased in the curcumin group compared with the positive control group (P = 0.011). Curcumin combined with imipenem can be an alternative therapeutic agent to overcome the resistance of E coli strains.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN HISTOLOGIK JARINGAN LIMPA TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus) YANG DIINFEKSI ESCHERICIA COLI DAN DIBERI MADU

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiani Matheos
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spleen Tissue ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Histological Picture ◽  
High Level

Abstrak: Daya antimikroba dalam madu dipengaruhi oleh kandungan glukosanya yang tinggi, tingkat keasaman madu, serta senyawa flavonoid yang dapat mengikat radikal bebas dan melawan agen infeksi. Eschericia coli dapat menimbulkan infeksi lokal organ tubuh, mencapai aliran darah, dan menimbulkan sepsis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan gambaran histologik jaringan limpa tikus yang diinfeksi E.coli dan diberi madu. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental menggunakan 16 ekor tikus putih yang dibagi dalam satu kelompok kontrol negatif (KN) dan tiga kelompok perlakuan (KP). Kelompok kontrol negatif diberi pelet biasa selama 14 hari; KP 1 diberi pelet dan madu 2 mL/hari selama 35 hari; KP 2 diberi pelet dan E. coli 1 mL/hari melalui selama 7 hari; serta KP3 diberi pelet, E. coli 1 mL/hari selama 7 hari, dan madu 2 mL/hari selama 35 hari. Organ limpa tikus diproses untuk dibuat sediaan jaringan histologi. Jaringan limpa tikus KN dan KP1 menunjukkan gambaran histologik yang sesuai dengan limpa normal. Jaringan limpa tikus KP2 menunjukkan kongesti akut dan vasodilatasi pembuluh darah, sedangkan pada KP3 tampak kongesti yang lebih ringan dari yang terlihat pada KP2 dan adanya tanda regenerasi sel-sel limfohematopoietik jaringan limpa. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kelompok perlakuan yang diberi E.coli tanpa pemberian madu menunjukkan suatu splenitis akut non spesifik, sedangkan kelompok perlakuan yang diberi E.coli dengan pemberian madu menunjukkan tanda-tanda perbaikan dari radang dan tanda regenerasi sel.Kata kunci: Madu, Eschericia coli, Limpa.Abstract: Antimicrobial force in his sugar content of honey is influenced by the high level of acidity of honey, as well as flavonoid that can bind free radicals and fight the infection agent. Eschericia coli can cause local infection of the body's organs, reaching the blood stream, and give rise to sepsis. This study aimed to determine changes in histological picture of the spleen tissue of mice given infected E.coli and gave honey. An experimental study using 16 rats divided into one negative control group (KN) and tree treatment groups (KP). Negative control group given normal pellets for 14 days. KP1 is given pellets and honey 2 mL / day for 35 days. KP2 are given pellets and E. coli 1 mL / day through 7 days. KP3 given pellets, E. coli 1 mL / day for 7 days, and honey for 35 days. Mouse splenic processed and examined through a microscope. Mice of KN network and KP1 showed normal histological picture of the spleen. Spleen of KP 2 show today showed acute congestion and vasodilation of blood vessels spleen. Spleen of KP3 show a little more congestion and an indication of regeneration.It can be concluded that the treatment groups were given E. coli without giving honey showed a nonspecific acute splenitis, whereas the treatment group given E. coli with honey granting remission to show signs of inflammation.Key words: Honey, Eschericia coli, Spleen.

scholarly journals Ameliorative Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Petroselinum Crispum Against Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rabbits Male

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Hussain ◽  
Mariam Kadhem
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Petroselinum Crispum

The experiment was conducted to investigate the protective effect of Petroselinum crispum leave extracted against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in male rabbits by studying the body weight, clinical signs, haematological and biochemical parameters, gross lesion and histopathological changes. Twenty four rabbits male were used and divided into 4 groups. Group 1: rabbits served as a negative control, received distilled water 1 ml(orally). Group 2: rabbits served as a positive control group, received gentamicin at a dose of 80 mg/kg/day intramuscular for 15 days. Group 3: rabbits received gentamicin at a dose of 80 mg/kg/day then after one hour treated with ethanolic extract of Petroselinum crispum at dose 125 mg/kg orally for 15 days. Group 4: rabbits received gentamicin at a dose of 80 mg/kg/day then after one hour treated with ethanolic extract of Petroselinum crispum at dose 250 mg/kg orally for 15 days.The results of the gentamicin treated group( positive control group) showed clinical signs such as loss of body weight, loss of appetite and rough hair with hematuria. The body weight a significantly declined (p≤ 0.05) compared other groups. There was a significant decrease (p≤ 0.05) in WBC count, lymphocyte, GSH, SOD, CAT, and GPX levels, while it recorded a significant increase (p≤0.05) in weights of the kidneys, neutrophils, creatinine, urea, and MDA. Histological studies showed several kidney pathological changes such as pale colour, enlargement in size and weight and easy from detaching as opposed to negative control group. On the other hand, the group treated with ethanolic extractof Petroselinum crispum at dose 125 mg/kg induced improved of parameters as recorded significant increased(P ≤ 0.05) in body weight, WBC count, lymphocyte, GSH, SOD, CAT, and GPX, while significant decreased (P ≤ 0.05) in weights of the kidneys, neutrophils, creatinine, urea, and MDA compared with the positive control group whereas rabbits treated with ethanolic extract of Petroselinum crispum at dose 250 mg/kg restored the parameters and histological changes of the kidney to near normal status compared with the negative control group. These results showed that the dose-detected Petroselinum crispum extract (250mg / kg) acts as potential curative effect against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in male rabbits.

scholarly journals Synovial fluid as an auxiliary diagnostic tool for different stages of canine visceral leishmaniasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário César Rennó ◽  
Amanda Otoni Vasconcellos ◽  
Rogerio Rodrigues Santos ◽  
Rodrigo Otávio Silveira Silva ◽  
Rubens Antônio Carneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Severe Stage

ABSTRACT: Leishmaniasis represents a complex of chronic diseases with a broad geographic distribution and a high significance in public health worldwide. The varied clinical signs in conjunction with the low sensitivity and specificity of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) detection methods make diagnosis of the disease complex. Among the several available laboratory tests, studies have suggested that the detection of parasites in synovial fluid (SF) is a good auxiliary tool in the diagnosis of CVL. However, no study has evaluated the influence of the clinical stage of CVL in the detection of Leishmania sp. in SF. This study aimed to evaluate the detection of Leishmania sp. amastigotes in the SF of dogs at different stages of the disease. The negative control group (G1) comprised 12 dogs that tested negative for CVL. Thirty-six other dogs, tested serologically positive for CVL, were divided into two groups: Group 2 (G2), which included animals at stage II of the disease (moderate; n=18), and Group 3 (G3) included animals at stage III of the disease (severe; n=18). The analysis of SF revealed the presence of parasites in six (33.3%) dogs from G2 and in 16 (88.9%) dogs from G3 (p=0.0437). The present research suggested that SF analysis is of high value as a supplementary tool in the diagnosis of CVL. As a new finding, the present study also indicated that this test has a higher sensitivity in animals presenting with more severe stage of the disease.

scholarly journals Natural plant extracts and prebiotic compounds as alternatives to antibiotics in broiler chicken diets in a necrotic enteritis challenge model

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Vidanarachchi ◽  
L. L. Mikkelsen ◽  
C. C. Constantinoiu ◽  
M. Choct ◽  
P. A. Iji
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Control Groups

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of two different water-soluble carbohydrate extracts (renga renga lily extract and Acacia extract), and two commercially available prebiotic compounds, Fibregum and Raftifeed-IPE, on the performance of broiler chickens subjected to a necrotic enteritis (NE) challenge model. These treatments were compared with negative control and a positive (Zn-bacitracin) control treatments. An overall 8.8% NE-related mortality was recorded, with mean jejunal and ileal lesion scores in dead birds ranging from 3.03 to 3.90 in all challenged groups except the positive control groups. NE-specific deaths or clinical abnormalities were not observed with unchallenged control and positive control groups. At 7 days post-challenge, the concentration of specific IgY antibodies against the α-toxin of Clostridium perfringens in the serum was lower (P < 0.05) in birds fed the positive control and Fibregum-supplemented diets than in the negative control group. However, birds fed Fibregum had increased (P < 0.05) IgM concentration compared with those fed Acacia extract and lily extract. The Fibregum-fed group also had higher (P < 0.05) IgA concentrations in serum than did the positive-control and lily extract-supplemented groups at 14 days but this effect did not persist to 21 days. The results from the present study demonstrated that supplementation with water-soluble carbohydrates from two plant sources was not effective in controlling NE. However, the prebiotic compound Fibregum was found to be having some immunomodulatory effects. Addition of Zn-bacitracin and monensin was highly effective in counteracting the negative effects of the disease challenge.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary supplementation of ginger extract on growth, carcass characteristics and haematological parameters in broilers

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudipta Talukder ◽  
Md Mehedi Hasan ◽  
Zakaria Al Noman ◽  
Yousuf Ali Sarker ◽  
Torun Kumar Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Final Body Weight

This study evaluated the effect of ginger on the growth performance, carcass quality of broiler chickens. 20 broiler chickens were randomly selected into two treatment groups identified as T1 and T2 with a positive control and a negative control group. Each treatment contained with five birds. Birds on T1 were treated with 1% ginger extract and T2 was treated with 2% ginger extract via drinking water. Significant variations (p<0.05) existed between the control and other treatments in mean final body weight, dressed weight, daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio. At the end of experiment (35th day) for 1% ginger extraction treatment the live body weight is 1746gm (p<0.05), dressing weight 1106.4 (p<0.05) and FCR is 1.67(p<0.05). The usage of the test ingredients had a significant effect (p<0.05) on dressing percentage. Supplementation of ginger improves the performance of broilers when added at the rate of 1% of broiler ration and can be a possible alternative to antibiotic growth promoter in the feeding of broiler chicken.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2017, 3(2): 211-215

scholarly journals Pathological alterations in respiratory system during co-infection with low pathogenic avian influenza virus (H9N2) and Escherichia coli in broiler chickens

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahid Jaleel ◽  
Muhammad Younus ◽  
Asif Idrees ◽  
Muhammad Arshad ◽  
Aman Ullah Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Complicating Factors ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza

Abstract Introduction: Despite the advancements in the field, there is a lack of data when it comes to co-infections in poultry. Therefore, this study was designed to address this issue. Material and Methods: Broiler birds were experimentally infected with E. coli (O78) and low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) strain, alone or in combination. The experimental groups were negative control. Results: The infected birds showed most severe clinical signs in E. coli+LPAI group along with a significant decrease in weight and enhanced macroscopic and microscopic pathological lesions. The survival rate was 60%, 84%, and 100% in birds inoculated with E. coli+LPAI, E. coli, and LPAI virus alone, respectively. The results showed that experimental co-infection with E. coli and H9N2 strain of LPAI virus increased the severity of clinical signs, mortality rate, and gross lesions. The HI titre against LPAI virus infection in the co-infected group was significantly higher than the HI titre of LPAI group, which may indicate that E. coli may promote propagation of H9N2 LPAI virus by alteration of immune response. Conclusion: The present study revealed that co-infection with E. coli and H9N2 LPAI virus caused more serious synergistic pathogenic effects and indicates the role of both pathogens as complicating factors in poultry infections.

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