Synovial fluid as an auxiliary diagnostic tool for different stages of canine visceral leishmaniasis

ABSTRACT: Leishmaniasis represents a complex of chronic diseases with a broad geographic distribution and a high significance in public health worldwide. The varied clinical signs in conjunction with the low sensitivity and specificity of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) detection methods make diagnosis of the disease complex. Among the several available laboratory tests, studies have suggested that the detection of parasites in synovial fluid (SF) is a good auxiliary tool in the diagnosis of CVL. However, no study has evaluated the influence of the clinical stage of CVL in the detection of Leishmania sp. in SF. This study aimed to evaluate the detection of Leishmania sp. amastigotes in the SF of dogs at different stages of the disease. The negative control group (G1) comprised 12 dogs that tested negative for CVL. Thirty-six other dogs, tested serologically positive for CVL, were divided into two groups: Group 2 (G2), which included animals at stage II of the disease (moderate; n=18), and Group 3 (G3) included animals at stage III of the disease (severe; n=18). The analysis of SF revealed the presence of parasites in six (33.3%) dogs from G2 and in 16 (88.9%) dogs from G3 (p=0.0437). The present research suggested that SF analysis is of high value as a supplementary tool in the diagnosis of CVL. As a new finding, the present study also indicated that this test has a higher sensitivity in animals presenting with more severe stage of the disease.

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Dermal application of lactic acid based cream of a non pathogenic Kocuria marina (BMKO1) strain against Epidermophyton floccosum (MTCC 613) symptomatic excision mice model

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics ◽

10.22270/jddt.v9i1-s.2271 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1-s) ◽

pp. 113-120

Author(s):

Soumya S Dash ◽

Smaranika Pattnaik

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Mouse Models ◽

Drug Application ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Weight Changes ◽

Mice Model ◽

Epidermophyton Floccosum

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal efficacy of Kocuria marina (BMKo1) derived Lactic acid against Epidermophyton floccosum (MTCC-613) infections induced on male Swiss Albino mice model (Mus musculus). For this purpose, the isolated strain was subjected to ‘flask fermentation’ and the Lactic acid produced as fermentation product, was quantified and analysed. Prior to preclinical test, healthy mice models of approximately 8 weeks old and 25-30 gm (weight) were subjected to intra-dermal administration for a period of 15 days to test for toxicity. Mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes were continually monitored. Then the mouse models were inoculated with 100 µl/ml (V/V) of E. floccosum (MTCC-613) spore suspensions following ‘Excision model’. After induction of the infection, the symptomatic mice groups were subjected to topical application of Kocuria lactic acid cream based formulation at a concentration of 1µl/ml (V/V). The naked eye observations were made on the infected lesions till the absolute deduction of infection of excised skin surfaces. The degrees of deduction of infection were converted into scores and the percentages (%) of deduction of infection were calculated and the average value was derived. There were inclusion of positive control (Fluconazole) and negative control (group with infection induced excision, but without any drug application) mice groups for the sake of comparison. Further, with absolute deduction of infection score observed in mice group, applied with Kocuria derived Lactic acid was akin to Fluconazole activity. However, the infection induced mice group was found to be with substantial increase of degree of infection. This study have curtain raised about the anti Epidermophyton infection activity of a cream based Cell free Lactic acid derived from a non pathogenic strain of Kocuria marina on mouse models. Keywords: Kocuria marina, Epidermophyton floccosum, Lactic acid

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Ameliorative Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Petroselinum Crispum Against Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rabbits Male

Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.37940/ajvs.2020.13.2.5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Sarah Hussain ◽

Mariam Kadhem

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

The Body ◽

Positive Control Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Petroselinum Crispum

The experiment was conducted to investigate the protective effect of Petroselinum crispum leave extracted against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in male rabbits by studying the body weight, clinical signs, haematological and biochemical parameters, gross lesion and histopathological changes. Twenty four rabbits male were used and divided into 4 groups. Group 1: rabbits served as a negative control, received distilled water 1 ml(orally). Group 2: rabbits served as a positive control group, received gentamicin at a dose of 80 mg/kg/day intramuscular for 15 days. Group 3: rabbits received gentamicin at a dose of 80 mg/kg/day then after one hour treated with ethanolic extract of Petroselinum crispum at dose 125 mg/kg orally for 15 days. Group 4: rabbits received gentamicin at a dose of 80 mg/kg/day then after one hour treated with ethanolic extract of Petroselinum crispum at dose 250 mg/kg orally for 15 days.The results of the gentamicin treated group( positive control group) showed clinical signs such as loss of body weight, loss of appetite and rough hair with hematuria. The body weight a significantly declined (p≤ 0.05) compared other groups. There was a significant decrease (p≤ 0.05) in WBC count, lymphocyte, GSH, SOD, CAT, and GPX levels, while it recorded a significant increase (p≤0.05) in weights of the kidneys, neutrophils, creatinine, urea, and MDA. Histological studies showed several kidney pathological changes such as pale colour, enlargement in size and weight and easy from detaching as opposed to negative control group. On the other hand, the group treated with ethanolic extractof Petroselinum crispum at dose 125 mg/kg induced improved of parameters as recorded significant increased(P ≤ 0.05) in body weight, WBC count, lymphocyte, GSH, SOD, CAT, and GPX, while significant decreased (P ≤ 0.05) in weights of the kidneys, neutrophils, creatinine, urea, and MDA compared with the positive control group whereas rabbits treated with ethanolic extract of Petroselinum crispum at dose 250 mg/kg restored the parameters and histological changes of the kidney to near normal status compared with the negative control group. These results showed that the dose-detected Petroselinum crispum extract (250mg / kg) acts as potential curative effect against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in male rabbits.

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Interleukin gene expression in broiler chickens infected by different Escherichia coli serotypes

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2021.2727-2734 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2727-2734

Author(s):

Reham Elnagar ◽

Rasha Elkenany ◽

Gamal Younis

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

E Coli ◽

High Prevalence

Background and Aim: Escherichia coli is the cause of avian colibacillosis, a significant threat to the poultry industry and public health. Thus, this study investigated the prevalence of E. coli in diseased chicken broilers, pathological effects of these bacteria, and interleukin (IL) gene expression of different serotypes of E. coli (O78, O26, O44, and O55) on experimentally infected chickens. Materials and Methods: A total of 295 organ samples (liver, lungs, heart, and spleen) from 59 diseased broiler chickens were used for conventional identification of E. coli. Chickens were orally infected with one of the following E. coli serotypes (O78, O26, O44, or O55) and examined for clinical signs, mortality, macroscopic and microscopic lesions, and IL gene expression using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: E. coli was isolated from 53.2% of broiler chicken organs with a high prevalence in lungs (26.1%). The most prevalent serotypes were O78, O26, O44, O55, O157, and O127 prevalence of 27.8, 22.2, 16.7, 16.7, 5.6, and 5.6%, respectively. In the experimental design, five groups (G1-G5) of birds were established. G1 served as the negative control group, while G2-G5 were challenged orally with E. coli O78, O26, O55, or O44, respectively. Chickens infected with E. coli O78 or O26 showed significant clinical signs in comparison to the other infected birds. Mortality (13.3%) was only observed in birds infected with E. coli O78. Necropsy of dead birds after E. coli O78 infection showed pericarditis, enteritis, airsacculitis, and liver and lung congestion. More severe histopathological changes were observed in intestines, spleen, liver, and lung from chickens infected with either E. coli O78 or O26 than for birds infected with other serotypes. On the 2nd day post-infection, E. coli challenge, particularly with E. coli O78, displayed significantly upregulated levels of ileal IL-6 and IL-8, but ileal IL-10 level tended to be downregulated in comparison to the control group. Conclusion: This study assessed the application of cytokines as therapeutic agents against infectious diseases, particularly colibacillosis.

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Efficacy of Live Attenuated Vaccine and Commercially Available Lectin against Avian Pathogenic E. coli Infection in Broiler Chickens

Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.3390/vetsci7020065 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 65 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ahmed I. Abd El-Mawgoud ◽

El-Shayma El-Nahass ◽

Salama A.S. Shany ◽

Azza A. EL-Sawah ◽

Al-Hussien M. Dahshan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Live Attenuated Vaccine ◽

E Coli ◽

Attenuated Vaccine ◽

Preventive Medication ◽

Challenge Group

In this study, the protective efficacy of an E. coli live attenuated vaccine was compared to the preventive administration of lectin preparation before the challenge. Two hundred broiler chicks were divided into eight equal groups. The first group was used as a negative control group. Three groups were vaccinated at day 1 with the avian colibacillosis live vaccine of which one group served as a vaccinated nonchallenged group. Another two groups were treated with lectin product (0.5 mL/L drinking water) for three days before the challenge. The last two groups served as challenge control for either E. coli O78 or O125 strains. The challenge was conducted at three weeks of age with either homologous O78 or heterologous O125 E. coli strains, using 0.5 mL/bird of each avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) strain (~108 colony forming units “CFU”/mL)/subcutaneously. The bodyweight and feed conversion ratios (FCR) were calculated for four weeks. Clinical signs and gross and histopathological lesions were scored at two and seven days post inoculation (dpi). The heart and liver of euthanized chickens at 2 dpi were removed aseptically and homogenized to evaluate pathogenic E. coli colonization. Results showed that live avian colibacillosis vaccine reduced mortalities and APEC colonization in the homologous challenge group but not in the heterologous challenge group. Lectin-treated groups showed 20% and 16% mortality after challenge with E. coli O78 and O125, respectively, and both groups showed performance parameters, clinical signs, and histopathological lesion scores comparable to the negative control group, with variable E. coli colonization of heart and liver. The study demonstrated the efficacy of live attenuated avian colibacillosis vaccine against homologous but not heterologous APEC challenge in broiler chickens. The lectin-containing products can be used as a preventive medication to reduce the clinical impacts of colibacillosis regardless of the challenge strain. Standardization of the evaluation parameters for APEC vaccines is recommended.

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Promotor effect of S-metolachlor generics with different hepatotoxicity in liver carcinogenesis in rats

Ukrainian Journal of Modern Toxicological Aspects ◽

10.33273/2663-4570-2019-86-2-5-13 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 86 (2) ◽

pp. 5-13

Author(s):

E.A. Bagley ◽

N.M. Nedopytanska ◽

V.S. Lisovska ◽

O.V. Reshavska ◽

L.V. Tkachenko

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Liver Cancer ◽

Constitutive Androstane Receptor ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Species Specific

Metolachlor and currently its biological active isomer S–metolachlor is one of the most widely used herbicides in the world. Chronic experiments in rats have found hepatocarcinogenic effect of metolachlor, and epidemiological studies have found positive relationship between enzyme exposure to metolachlor and prevalence of liver cancer. Possibility of the influence of harmful impurities contained in technical products on the detected effects is emphasized. Objective is to study promotor effect of S–metolachlor generics with different hepatotoxicity in carcinogenesis of liver in rats induced by nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) and analyse possibility of its realisation in human. Materials and Methods. Experiments were performed in male Wistar Han rats on hepatocarcinogenesis model “NDEA — hepatectomy”. Two specimens of S–metolachlor generics were studied; and their ratio of S/R enantiomers was 87/13 % with different hepatotoxicity. Substances were administered intragastrically in the doses of 1.5,15 and 150 mg/kg body weight for 8 weeks. Animals of the negative control group received water, and positive control — phenobarbital. Promotor effect was evaluated by the standardised parameters of the total area and number of hepatocyte foci expressing γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GTP). Results. No clinical signs of the toxic action of S–metolachlor on the rat body induced to carcinogenesis by NDEA were found. Increase in the number and total area of γ-GTP positive foci in the liver of animals on tumorogenic dose of both specimens of S–metolachlor as well as phenobarbital was found. Mean area of focus in the liver of rats on more toxic specimen was lower. The threshold of promotor action of S–metolachlor on hepatocarcinogenesis has been established at the level of γ 15 mg/kg body weight. Analysis of literature data on the mechanism of hepatotoxic action of metolachlor allowed to make a conclusion aboutphenobarbital-like mechanism of promotor action that is realised through constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). This mechanism is species-specific for rodents; therefore, the results of epidemiological studies on the possibility of liver cancer in human cannot be confirmed experimentally. Conclusion. Tumorogenic dose of S–metolachlor generics with different degree of hepatotoxicity shows promotor effect in NDEA induced carcinogenesis in rat liver. Hepatotoxicity of S–metolachlor inhibits growth of γ-GTP positive foci. The threshold of hepatocarcinogenesis promotion has been established at the level of γ 15 mg/kg body weight. The mechanism of the observed effect is not relevant for human. Key Words: S–metolachlor, hepatocarcinogenesis initiated by nitrosodiethylamine, Wistar Han rats, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase.

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Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) Reduces the Survival Time of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae), the Main Vector of the Visceral Leishmaniasis Agent in the Americas

Journal of Medical Entomology ◽

10.1093/jme/tjaa131 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 57 (6) ◽

pp. 2025-2029

Author(s):

Luciana Aguiar Figueredo ◽

Rafaela Lira Nogueira Luna ◽

Débora Elienai de Oliveira Miranda ◽

Fernando José Silva ◽

Domenico Otranto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Survival Time ◽

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Biological Control Agent ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Control Agent ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Lutzomyia Longipalpis

Abstract Visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) is a major neglected tropical disease and Brazil is the responsible for most cases reported in the Americas. In this region, L. infantum is primarily transmitted by Lutzomyia longipalpis and Migonemyia migonei (França) (Diptera: Psychodidae) is considered a permissive vector. We evaluated the susceptibility of Lu. longipalpis and Mg. migonei to Beauveria bassiana and to Eucalyptus globulus (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) essential oil. A spore suspension of B. bassiana was prepared and sand flies divided into five groups: test 1 (107 spores/ml of B. bassiana with E. globulus essential oil at 4 mg/ml), test 2 (107 spores/ml of B. bassiana), test 3 (E. globulus essential oil at 4 mg/ml), positive control (cypermethrin 0.1%), and negative control (sterile distilled water). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed on specimens from each group. A 50% reduction was recorded in the survival time of Lu. longipalpis in test 1 and 2, where hyphal adhesion and cuticle damage were observed by SEM. No significant differences in the survival time of Mg. migonei were found, probable due to the high mortality rate observed in the negative control group, which may be a result of the greater sensitivity of this species to laboratory conditions. The results obtained herein suggest that B. bassiana may be a potential biological control agent against Lu. longipalpis, the main vector of L. infantum in the Americas.

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Effect of HylocereusPolyrhizus Rind Extract Toward Interleukin-1β, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression, Endometriosis Implant Area

International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.25258/ijpcr.v9i08.9588 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (08) ◽

Author(s):

YanuarEka P. ◽

Hendy Hendarto ◽

Widjiati .

Keyword(s):

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Vascular Endothelial ◽

Mice Model ◽

Endothelial Growth Factor ◽

Fruit Rind

Retrograde menstruation lead to I Kappa B Kinase (IKK) fosforilation in peritoneum macrophage and cause secretion of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin1β then stimulate endometriosis cell to produce Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor which lead to increasing of endometriosis lession seen as endometriosis implant area. Cytokine secretion was inhibited through prevention of NF-κB activation by dragon red fruit rind extract (Hylocereuspolyrhizus). The aim of this reserach is to know the effect of dragon red fuit rind extract with 0,25; 0,5; and 1 mg/g bodyweight dosage toward IL-1β, VEGF expression and implant area in endometriosis mice model. The design of this experiment was randomized post test only control group design.Endometrios mice model were made in 14 days and split into two group, positive control group and treatment group after two week negative control group and postive control group were given Na-CMC 0,5% solution consequetively, and treatment group were given dragon red fruit extract with different dosage. Signification number for IL-1β is p>0,05, signification number for VEGF is p>0,05, and implant area signification number is p>0,05. Administration of dragon red fruit rind extract can decrease IL-1β, VEGF, and implant area.

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The Comparison of Ostecyte in the Pressure area and Tension area on Tooth Movement Because of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy

DENTA ◽

10.30649/denta.v12i1.162 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Arya Barahmanta ◽

Muhammad Faizal Winaris ◽

Pambudi Raharjo

Keyword(s):

Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽

Oxygen Therapy ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Bone Remodelling ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Pressure Area

Background: Orthodontic tooth movement is a interaction prosess of resorption and deposition of bone remodeling. Orthodontic tooth movement by mechanical strength causes changes in alveolar bone. Osteocyte is an essential cell to respond bone remodelling. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy affects production of osteocyte because it can release Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Nitrid Oxide (NO). Purpose: To determine the difference number of osteocyte in pressure and tension area during tooth movement by adjuvant of Hyperbaric Oxygen 2,4 ATA during 7 days starting on day 8 to day 14. Materials and Methods: This research used Completery Randomized Control Group Post Test Only Design. 36 cavia cobaya (male) were divided into 3 groups randomly : the negative control groups, positive control group, and treatment group. Preparat staining used Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) and calculated on microscop 1000x with 20 field of view. Data analyses used one way ANOVA and LSD test then compared each area by using paired T test. Result: The data showed that the treatment group (P=10,67) tension area has the highest number of osteocyte than negative control group (K-=3,67), positive control (K+=7,42). In the pressure area showed that negative control group (K-=5,00) has the highest than positive control group (K+=3,83) and treatment (P=3,25). Conclusion: Therapy HBO 2,4 ATA 7 days starting on day 8 to day 14 is could increase osteocyte in the tissue to stimulate process of bone remodelling.<pre> </pre>Keywords: Hyperbaric Oxygen, Tooth movement, Bone remodeling, Osteocyte Correspondence: Arya Brahmanta, Department of Orthodonty, Faculty of Dentistry, Hang Tuah University, Arif Rahman Hakim 150, Surabaya, Phone 031-5945864, Email: <a href="mailto:[email protected]">arya.brahmanta@hangtuah.ac.id</a>

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Antiurolithiatic effect of Cymbopogon Proximus, Alhagi Maurorum, on Sulfadimidine induced urolithiasis in male New Zealand rabbits

Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal ◽

10.35943/mvmj.2019.01.107 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 12-18

Author(s):

Sameh El-Nabtity

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Intramuscular Injection ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Blood And Urine Samples ◽

Group 2 ◽

New Zealand Rabbits ◽

Group 1

The present study aimed to investigate the prophylactic effect of Cymbopogon proximus and Alhagi maurorum on Sulfadimidine induced urolithiasis in rabbits . Thirty New Zealand male rabbits were allocated into six equal groups (each of five): Group (1) was used as a negative control. Group(2) were administered sulfadimidine (200mg/kg) by intramuscular injection.Groups(3) and (4) were administered sulfadimidine(200mg/kg) by intramuscular injection and 330mg/kg of Cymbopogon proximus alcoholic and aqueous extracts respectively orally.Groups(5) and (6) were administered sulfadimidine(200mg/kg) by intramuscular injection and 400mg/kg of Alhagi maurorum alcoholic and aqueous extracts respectively orally. The period of experiment was 10 days. Blood and urine samples were collected from rabbits on the 10th day. The results recorded a significant decrease in serum creatinine, urea, uric acid and crystalluria in Cymbopogon proximus and Alhagi maurorum groups compared to sulfadimidine treated group.We conclude that Cymbopogon proximus and Alhagi maurorum have a nephroprotective and antiurolithiatic effects against sulfadimidine induced crystalluria.

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