scholarly journals Gut Microbiome of Healthy and Arthritic Dogs

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Cintio ◽  
Elisa Scarsella ◽  
Sandy Sgorlon ◽  
Misa Sandri ◽  
Bruno Stefanon
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Chronic Arthritis ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Group Data ◽  
The Relationship

Several studies have underlined the interplay among host-microbiome and pathophysiological conditions of animals. Research has also focused specifically on whether and how changes in the gut microbiome have provoked the occurrence of pathological phenomena affecting cartilage and joints in humans and in laboratory animals. Here, we tried to evaluate the relationship between the gut microbiome and the hip and elbow arthritis in owned dogs. The study included 14 dogs suffering from chronic arthritis (AD) and 13 healthy dogs (HD). After the first visit and during the period of the study, the dogs, under the supervision of the owner, were fed a semi-moist complete diet supplemented with omega 3 fatty acids. Feces and blood samples were collected in the clinic at the first visit (T0) and after days (T45). The plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) was higher, and the serum vitamin B12 and folate concentrations were lower (p < 0.05) in the AD group in comparison to the HD group. Data of the fecal microbiome showed that the relative abundances of the genus Megamonas were higher in AD (p < 0.001), while the relative abundance of the families Paraprevotellaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, and Mogibacteriaceae was significantly lower in comparison to HD. The results of the study identified several bacterial groups that differed significantly in the fecal microbiome between healthy and diseased dogs. If the observed differences in fecal bacterial composition predispose dogs to hip and elbow arthritis or if these differences reflect a correlation with these conditions deserves further investigation.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Plays an Essential Role in the Onset of Membranous Nephropathy: Evidence from Multi-Center Case-Control Study and Animal Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Shang ◽  
Yiding Zhang ◽  
Ruixue Guo ◽  
Wenli Liu ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Membranous Nephropathy ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Urinary Protein ◽  
Diagnostic Model ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract OBJECTIVE: Membranous nephropathy (MN) is one of the most common causes of nephrotic syndrome in adults. Here we aim to establish a non-invasive diagnostic model using differential gut microbiome and to explore the relationship between gut microbiome and the pathogenesis of MN in animal experiment.DESIGN: A total of 825 fecal samples including MN patients and healthy controls (HC) were collected from Central, East and South China. We obtained crucial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) by 16S rRNA sequencing and then established a diagnostic model using five-fold cross-validation on random forest model. We subsequently validated its efficiency in cross regional cohort. MN rat model was induced by Sheep Anti-Rat Fx1A Serum and was used to explore the relationship between gut microbiome and the pathogenesis of MN.RESULTS: The diversity and richness of gut microbiome was significantly decreased in MN patients. The diagnostic model based on 7 operational OTUs achieved excellent efficiency with an area under curve (AUC) of 98.36% in training group. The different disease states and cross regional cohort validated high diagnostic efficiency. In rat model, urinary protein was significantly relieved by intestine cleaning, while increased again by fecal microbiome transplant (FMT). Interestingly, fecal microbiome from MN patients seems to play a protective role when compared with that from healthy people.CONCLUSION: Gut microbiome can be used as a non-invasive tool for MN diagnosis. The onset of MN depends partially on the existence of naturally colonized microbiome. Adaptive changes of gut microbiome during MN may help relieve urinary protein.

scholarly journals The Mammalian Intestinal Microbiome: Composition, Interaction with the Immune System, Significance for Vaccine Efficacy, and Potential for Disease Therapy

Pathogens ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Desselberger
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Disease Therapy ◽  
Intestinal Pathogens ◽  
The Relationship

The mammalian gut is colonized by a large variety of microbes, collectively termed ‘the microbiome’. The gut microbiome undergoes rapid changes during the first few years of life and is highly variable in adulthood depending on various factors. With the gut being the largest organ of immune responses, the composition of the microbiome of the gut has been found to be correlated with qualitative and quantitative differences of mucosal and systemic immune responses. Animal models have been very useful to unravel the relationship between gut microbiome and immune responses and for the understanding of variations of immune responses to vaccination in different childhood populations. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying optimal immune responses to infection or vaccination are not fully understood. The gut virome and gut bacteria can interact, with bacteria facilitating viral infectivity by different mechanisms. Some gut bacteria, which have a beneficial effect on increasing immune responses or by overgrowing intestinal pathogens, are considered to act as probiotics and can be used for therapeutic purposes (as in the case of fecal microbiome transplantation).

scholarly journals The Relationship between Serum Vitamin D Levels, C-Reactive Protein, and Anxiety Symptoms

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-319
Author(s):  
Sun-Young Kim ◽  
Sang-Won Jeon ◽  
Weon-Jeong Lim ◽  
Kang-Seob Oh ◽  
Dong-Won Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Korean Adult ◽  
Sufficient Vitamin ◽  
The Relationship

Objective The aim of study is to investigate the relationship between serum vitamin D, c-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and anxiety symptoms.Methods Serum vitamin D and CRP levels of 51,003 Korean adult participants were collected retrospectively. Anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Korean version of Beck Anxiety Inventory. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (ORs) of anxiety symptoms by serum vitamin D and CRP levels. The regression was adjusted for covariates, and each model was adjusted mutually for vitamin D and CRP levels.Results Compared with sufficient vitamin D levels (≥20 ng/mL), insufficient (10–19.99 ng/mL) and deficient (<10 ng/mL) vitamin D levels were significantly associated with risk of anxiety symptoms. Also, continuous vitamin D levels were negatively associated with the risk of anxiety symptoms. CRP levels did not affect the relationship between vitamin D levels and risk of anxiety symptoms.Conclusion Insufficient (10–19.99 ng/mL) and deficient (<10 ng/mL) vitamin D levels were significantly associated with risk of anxiety symptoms. After adjusting for CRP levels, the results were not changed, and no evidence of interaction between vitamin D and CRP levels was found. CRP levels did not account for the association between vitamin D levels and risk of anxiety symptoms.

Complementary Effects of Multivitamin and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Indices of Cardiovascular Health in Individuals with Elevated Homocysteine

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Earnest ◽  
S. Kupper ◽  
M. Thompson ◽  
Guo ◽  
S. Church
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Fatty Acid Supplementation ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Daily Ingestion

Homocysteine (HCY), C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and triglycerides (TG) are risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). While multivitamins (MVit) may reduce HCY and hsCRP, omega-3 fatty acids (N3) reduce TG; yet, they are seldom studied simultaneously. We randomly assigned 100 participants with baseline HCY (> 8.0 umol/L) to the daily ingestion of: (1) placebo, (2) MVit (VitC: 200 mg; VitE: 400 IU; VitB6: 25 mg; Folic Acid: 400 ug; VitB12: 400 ug) + placebo, (3) N3 (2 g N3, 760 mg EPA, 440 mg DHA)+placebo, or (4) MVit + N3 for 12 weeks. At follow-up, we observed significant reductions in HCY (umol/L) for the MVit (- 1.43, 95 %CI, - 2.39, - 0.47) and MVit + N3 groups (- 1.01, 95 %CI, - 1.98, - 0.04) groups, both being significant (p < 0.05) vs. placebo (- 0.57, 95 %CI, - 1.49, 0.35) and N3 (1.11, 95 % CI, 0.07, 2.17). hsCRP (nmol/L) was significantly reduced in the MVit (- 6.00, 95 %CI, - 1.04, - 0.15) and MVit + N3 (- 0.98, 95 %CI, - 1.51, - 0.46) groups, but not vs. placebo (- 0.15, 95 %CI, - 0.74, 0.43) or N3 (- 0.53, 95 %CI, - 1.18, 0.12). Lastly, we observed significant reductions in TG for the N3 (- 0.41, 95 %CI, - 0.69, - 0.13) and MVit + N3 (- 0.71, 95 %CI, - 0.93, - 0.46) groups, both significant vs. placebo (- 0.10, 95 %CI, - 0.36, 0.17) and MVit groups (0.15, 95 %CI, - 12, 0.42). The co-ingestion of MVit + N3 provides synergistic affects on HCY, hsCRP, and plasma TG.

scholarly journals The Relationship between the Gut Microbiome and Metformin as a Key for Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3566
Author(s):  
Chae Bin Lee ◽  
Soon Uk Chae ◽  
Seong Jun Jo ◽  
Ui Min Jerng ◽  
Soo Kyung Bae
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Potential Target ◽  
The Relationship

Metformin is the first-line pharmacotherapy for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, its mechanism of modulating glucose metabolism is elusive. Recent advances have identified the gut as a potential target of metformin. As patients with metabolic disorders exhibit dysbiosis, the gut microbiome has garnered interest as a potential target for metabolic disease. Henceforth, studies have focused on unraveling the relationship of metabolic disorders with the human gut microbiome. According to various metagenome studies, gut dysbiosis is evident in T2DM patients. Besides this, alterations in the gut microbiome were also observed in the metformin-treated T2DM patients compared to the non-treated T2DM patients. Thus, several studies on rodents have suggested potential mechanisms interacting with the gut microbiome, including regulation of glucose metabolism, an increase in short-chain fatty acids, strengthening intestinal permeability against lipopolysaccharides, modulating the immune response, and interaction with bile acids. Furthermore, human studies have demonstrated evidence substantiating the hypotheses based on rodent studies. This review discusses the current knowledge of how metformin modulates T2DM with respect to the gut microbiome and discusses the prospect of harnessing this mechanism in treating T2DM.

scholarly journals Quantified Nostalgia: Social Media, Metrics, and Memory

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 205630512110088
Author(s):  
Benjamin N. Jacobsen ◽  
David Beer
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
The Past ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Focus Group Data ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Memory Practices ◽  
The Relationship

As social media platforms have developed over the past decade, they are no longer simply sites for interactions and networked sociality; they also now facilitate backwards glances to previous times, moments, and events. Users’ past content is turned into definable objects that can be scored, rated, and resurfaced as “memories.” There is, then, a need to understand how metrics have come to shape digital and social media memory practices, and how the relationship between memory, data, and metrics can be further understood. This article seeks to outline some of the relations between social media, metrics, and memory. It examines how metrics shape remembrance of the past within social media. Drawing on qualitative interviews as well as focus group data, the article examines the ways in which metrics are implicated in memory making and memory practices. This article explores the effect of social media “likes” on people’s memory attachments and emotional associations with the past. The article then examines how memory features incentivize users to keep remembering through accumulation. It also examines how numerating engagements leads to a sense of competition in how the digital past is approached and experienced. Finally, the article explores the tensions that arise in quantifying people’s engagements with their memories. This article proposes the notion of quantified nostalgia in order to examine how metrics are variously performative in memory making, and how regimes of ordinary measures can figure in the engagement and reconstruction of the digital past in multiple ways.

scholarly journals Regular consumption of cod liver oil is associated with reduced basal and exercise-induced C-reactive protein levels; a prospective observational trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette Wærstad Hansen ◽  
Stein Ørn ◽  
Christine B. Erevik ◽  
Magnus Friestad Bjørkavoll-Bergseth ◽  
Øyvind Skadberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Cod Liver Oil ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Recreational Athletes ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Exercise Induced

Abstract Background Dietary supplement use among recreational athletes is common, with the intention of reducing inflammation and improving recovery. We aimed to describe the relationship between omega-3 fatty acid supplement use and inflammation induced by strenuous exercise. Methods C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were measured in 1002 healthy recreational athletes before and 24 h after a 91-km bicycle race. The use of omega-3 fatty acid supplements was reported in 856 out of 1002 recreational athletes, and the association between supplement use and the exercise-induced CRP response was assessed. Results Two hundred seventy-four subjects reported regular use of omega-3 fatty acid supplements. One hundred seventy-three of these used cod liver oil (CLO). Regular users of omega-3 fatty acid supplements had significantly lower basal and exercise-induced CRP levels as compared to non-users (n = 348, p < 0.001). Compared to non-users, regular users had a 27% (95% confidence interval (CI): 14–40) reduction in Ln CRP response (unadjusted model, p < 0.001) and 16% (95% CI: 5–28, p = 0.006) reduction after adjusting for age, sex, race duration, body mass index, delta creatine kinase, MET hours per week, resting heart rate and higher education. CLO was the primary driver of this response with a 34% (95% CI: 19–49) reduction (unadjusted model, p < 0.001) compared to non-users. Corresponding numbers in the adjusted model were 24% (95% CI: 11–38, p < 0.001). Conclusion Basal CRP levels were reduced, and the exercise-induced CRP response was attenuated in healthy recreational cyclists who used omega-3 fatty acid supplements regularly. This effect was only present in regular users of CLO. Trial registration NCT02166216, registered June 18, 2014 – Retrospectively registered.

scholarly journals Seasonal Shifts in Cold Tolerance and the Composition of the Gut Microbiome of Dendroctonus valens LeConte Occur Concurrently

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 888
Author(s):  
Zehai Hou ◽  
Yaxin Dong ◽  
Fengming Shi ◽  
Yabei Xu ◽  
Sixun Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Dendroctonus Valens ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Seasonal Shifts

Dendroctonus valens LeConte, an invasive bark beetle, has caused severe damage in pine forests and has the potential to disperse into new geographic ranges in China. Although the gut microbiota of D. valens and its fundamental role in host fitness have been investigated widely, little is known about the relationship between the seasonal shifts of both cold tolerance and the gut microbiome of D. valens during overwintering, which occurs at the larval stage. In this study, to examine seasonal variations in the composition of the microbiome, we collected D. valens larvae in September (autumn), January (winter), and May (spring), and then analyzed the bacterial and fungal communities of the gut via sequencing of partial 16S rRNA and ITS genes. In addition, changes in the supercooling capacity and antioxidant enzyme activities of D. valens larvae collected in the different seasons were evaluated. Overwintering resulted in changes to microbial communities. In particular, the abundances of Enterobacter, Serratia, Erwinia, and Klebsiella decreased during overwintering. Concurrent with these changes, the cold tolerance of D. valens larvae was enhanced during overwintering, and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase and peroxidase were reduced. We hypothesize that seasonal shifts in the gut microbiome may be connected to changes in cold tolerance and antioxidant enzyme activity in D. valens. It will be worthwhile to confirm whether seasonal changes in the microbiome contribute to the success of host overwintering.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document