scholarly journals Water Distribution from Artificial Recharge via Infiltration Basin under Constant Head Conditions

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1052
Author(s):  
Tiansong Qi ◽  
Longcang Shu ◽  
Hu Li ◽  
Xiaobo Wang ◽  
Yanqing Men ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vadose Zone ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Artificial Recharge ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Infiltration Basin ◽  
Constant Head ◽  
3D Software

The vadose zone plays a significant role during artificial recharge via the infiltration basin. Its thickness, lithology, heterogeneity, among others greatly affect the recharge efficiency. The main objective of this research is to establish the role of the vadose zone and the impacts of infiltration basin features and vadose zone factors on water distributions. In this work, an ideal conceptual model was considered, and mathematical models were built using HYDRUS (2D/3D) software package version 2.05. A total of 138 numerical experiments were implemented under seven types of experimental conditions. The experimental data were analyzed with the aid of correlation and regression analysis. The results showed that infiltration basin features and vadose zone factors had various impacts on water distribution, low permeability formation had various effects on evaporation depending on its depth, and there were consistent, similar, or different variation trends between infiltration and recharge. In conclusion, it is recommended that when the vadose zones are to be chosen as an infiltration basin site, the trade-off among the infiltration, recharge, storage, and evaporation should be seriously considered. This paper may contribute to a better understanding of the vadose zone as a buffer zone for artificial recharge.

Site of Lysosome Production During Hepatic Injury

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 348-349
Author(s):  
Nalin J. Unakar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
Close Approximation ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Toxic Injury

The increased number of lysosomes as well as the close approximation of lysosomes to the Golgi apparatus in tissue under variety of experimental conditions is commonly observed. These observations suggest Golgi involvement in lysosomal production. The role of the Golgi apparatus in the production of lysosomes in mouse liver was studied by electron microscopy of liver following toxic injury by CCI4.

The Affiliative Role of Empathy in Everyday Interpersonal Interactions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney R. Ringwald ◽  
Aidan G.C. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Interpersonal Behavior ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Ecological Momentary

Empathy theoretically serves an affiliative interpersonal function by satisfying motives for intimacy and union with others. Accordingly, empathy is expected to vary depending on the situation. Inconsistent empirical support for empathy’s affiliative role may be due to methodology focused on individual differences in empathy or differences between controlled experimental conditions, which fail to capture its dynamic and interpersonal nature. To address these shortcomings, we used ecological momentary assessment to establish typical patterns of empathy across everyday interactions. Associations among empathy, affect, and interpersonal behavior of self and interaction partner were examined in a student sample (N=330), then replicated in a pre-registered community sample (N=279). Multi-level structural equation modeling was used to distinguish individual differences in empathy from interaction-level effects. Results show people are more empathetic during positively-valanced interactions with others perceived as warm and when expressing warmth. By confirming the typically affiliative role of empathy, existing research to the contrary can be best understood as exceptions to the norm.

scholarly journals Comparative investigation of lasing and amplification performance in cryogenic Yb:YLF systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Umit Demirbas ◽  
Martin Kellert ◽  
Jelto Thesinga ◽  
Yi Hua ◽  
Simon Reuter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Laser Cavity ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Temperature Estimation ◽  
Transverse Temperature ◽  
First Time

AbstractWe present detailed experimental results with cryogenic Yb:YLF gain media in rod-geometry. We have comparatively investigated continuous-wave (cw) lasing and regenerative amplification performance under different experimental conditions. In the cw lasing experiments effect of crystal doping, cw laser cavity geometry and pump wavelength on lasing performance were explored. Regenerative amplification behavior was analyzed and the role of depolarization losses on performance was investigated. A recently developed temperature estimation method was also employed for the first time in estimating average crystal temperature under lasing conditions. It is shown that the thermal lens induced by transverse temperature gradients is the main limiting factor and strategies for future improvements are discussed. To the best of our knowledge, the achieved results in this study (375 W in cw, and 90 W in regenerative amplification) are the highest average powers ever obtained from this system via employing the broadband E//a axis.

Factors affecting in vitro and in vivo antioxidant effects. Experimental conditions and nature of oxidants determine antioxidant efficacy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Etsuo Niki
Keyword(s):  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Multiple Oxidants ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species have been implicated in the onset and progression of various diseases and the role of antioxidants in the maintenance of health and prevention of diseases has received much attention. The action and effect of antioxidants have been studied extensively under different reaction conditions in multiple media. The antioxidant effects are determined by many factors. This review aims to discuss several important issues that should be considered for determination of experimental conditions and interpretation of experimental results in order to understand the beneficial effects and limit of antioxidants against detrimental oxidation of biological molecules. Emphasis was laid on cell culture experiments and effects of diversity of multiple oxidants on antioxidant efficacy.

scholarly journals Stress Modifies the Expression of Glucocorticoid-Responsive Genes by Acting at Epigenetic Levels in the Rat Prefrontal Cortex: Modulatory Activity of Lurasidone

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6197
Author(s):  
Paola Brivio ◽  
Giulia Sbrini ◽  
Letizia Tarantini ◽  
Chiara Parravicini ◽  
Piotr Gruca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Glucocorticoid Responsive Element ◽  
Responsive Element

Epigenetics is one of the mechanisms by which environmental factors can alter brain function and may contribute to central nervous system disorders. Alterations of DNA methylation and miRNA expression can induce long-lasting changes in neurobiological processes. Hence, we investigated the effect of chronic stress, by employing the chronic mild stress (CMS) and the chronic restraint stress protocol, in adult male rats, on the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) function. We focused on DNA methylation specifically in the proximity of the glucocorticoid responsive element (GRE) of the GR responsive genes Gadd45β, Sgk1, and Gilz and on selected miRNA targeting these genes. Moreover, we assessed the role of the antipsychotic lurasidone in modulating these alterations. Chronic stress downregulated Gadd45β and Gilz gene expression and lurasidone normalized the Gadd45β modification. At the epigenetic level, CMS induced hypermethylation of the GRE of Gadd45β gene, an effect prevented by lurasidone treatment. These stress-induced alterations were still present even after a period of rest from stress, indicating the enduring nature of such changes. However, the contribution of miRNA to the alterations in gene expression was moderate in our experimental conditions. Our results demonstrated that chronic stress mainly affects Gadd45β expression and methylation, effects that are prolonged over time, suggesting that stress leads to changes in DNA methylation that last also after the cessation of stress procedure, and that lurasidone is a modifier of such mechanisms.

Réponses évoquées par les mouvements oculaires d'exploration (réponse lambda): Rôle des afférences intervenant à divers moments du processus oculo-moteur

Perception ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Lesèvre ◽  
A Rémond
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Visual Effects ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Initial Portion ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
Black Field ◽  
Fixation Points ◽  
Lambda Response

Experiments are reported the aim of which was to elucidate the cause of each of the components of the lambda response, and particularly to evaluate the role of ‘on’ and ‘off’ visual effects which appear at various times during the oculomotor process and also the possible influence of non-visual mechanisms. Eight subjects with normal sight were studied under the following conditions: (i) horizontal eye movements of 12° were guided by fixation points placed on a dimly-lit uniform black field of 20°; a checkerboard of 6° aperture was placed in this field so as to be integrated into the oculomotor process at different times—at the beginning, during and at the end of the eye movement; (ii) successive horizontal eye movements of 3°, 7° and 11° scanned a checkerboard of 20°, each square of which had a 40′ aperture; (iii) the checkerboard was moved with an amplitude and period similar to those of the eye movements in (ii), but this time with gaze fixed. Horizontal and vertical movements of both eyes were recorded with an EOG. An EEG of the parieto-occipital regions was obtained using eight linked bipolar derivations in line on two montages, median longitudinal and right-left transverse. The EEG and EOG data were digitalized and a numerical programme of waveform recognition was used to identify the beginning of the saccade which triggers the averaging out of the EEG before (100 ms) and after (500 ms) the eye movement. A discussion of the results, taking into account the latency of the different components and their reinforcements or inhibition depending on experimental conditions, suggests that the two initial components of lambda response (including the initial portion of the classical lambda wave) might be due to visual effects (‘off effect’) that arise at the start of the movement or slightly before it at the time that the saccadic suppression begins. The later components could be attributed to visual effects brought into play towards the end of the movement (‘on effect’), when perception becomes normal again. It is, however, difficult to explain some of the results related to the amplitude of lambda components without bringing in a mechanism of non-visual origin (corollary discharge).

Западное пограничье СССР в 1939–1941 гг. как « буферная зона » (случай Западной Белоруссии)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Yanina Karpenkina
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Zone ◽  
The West ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Soviet Policy ◽  
Barrier Zone

Abstract In 1939–1941, the Soviet policy in the new western borderlands was based on the need to transform quickly the annexed territories into a safe and invulnerable border. Thus, having expanded its territories to the west in 1939–1940, the Soviet government was in no hurry to eliminate the old border outposts. On the contrary, the previously existing Polish-Soviet border was preserved in the form of so-called “barrier zone” (« зона заграждения »), and special permits were still required to cross it. At the same time, the construction of new western borders was proceeding at an accelerated pace, and in parallel with this, a massive “purge” of the population of the new regions was carried out. Thus, in the pre-war years, the annexed territories were assigned the role of a kind of broad “buffer zone” that was supposed to protect the USSR from the west with two border lines—the new German-Soviet border (external) and the preserved former Polish-Soviet border (internal).

Makeup and its application simulation affect women’s self-perceptions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslava Varella Valentova ◽  
Anthonieta Looman Mafra ◽  
Natália Machado ◽  
Marco Antonio Correa Varella
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
The Real ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Appearance Satisfaction ◽  
Self Assessments

Appearance modification is ancient, universal, and influences other- and selfperceptions. The role of expectation of appearance modification has never beeninvestigated. We analyzed self-assessments of women without makeup and after having makeup professionally applied at four increasing levels. In the simulation phase,women were treated with colorless cosmetics. Fifty Brazilian women (Mage = 24.26) rated themselves on attractiveness, health, self-esteem, femininity, satisfaction withappearance, age, dominance, confidence, and competence in all experimental conditions. Women in the simulation phase considered themselves more feminine,healthier, and with higher self-esteem than without makeup. In the real makeup phases, these ratings were higher than in simulation phase. Appearance satisfaction and attractiveness did not differ between simulation and the real makeup phases, both being higher than without makeup. Confidence increased only in real makeup phases, and there was no effect on competence. Thus, real appearance modification and/or an expectation thereof can differently affect specific domains of self-evaluation.

Re-Examination of the Exacerbating Effect of Inflammasome Components during Radiation Injury

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. June Brickey ◽  
Michael A. Thompson ◽  
Zhecheng Sheng ◽  
Zhiguo Li ◽  
Kouros Owzar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Response ◽  
Radiation Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
Acute Radiation ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Acute Radiation Injury ◽  
Radiation Induced

Radiation can be applied for therapeutic benefit against cancer or may result in devastating harm due to accidental or intentional release of nuclear energy. In all cases, radiation exposure causes molecular and cellular damage, resulting in the production of inflammatory factors and danger signals. Several classes of innate immune receptors sense the released damage associated molecules and activate cellular response pathways, including the induction of inflammasome signaling that impacts IL-1β/IL-18 maturation and cell death. A previous report indicated inflammasomes aggravate acute radiation syndrome. In contrast, here we find that inflammasome components do not exacerbate gamma-radiation-induced injury by examining heterozygous and gene-deletion littermate controls in addition to wild-type mice. Absence of some inflammasome genes, such as caspase-1/11 and Nlrp3, enhance susceptibility of treated mice to acute radiation injury, indicating importance of the inflammasome pathway in radioprotection. Surprisingly, we discover that the survival outcome may be sex-dependent as more inflammasome-deficient male mice are susceptible to radiation-induced injury. We discuss parameters that may influence the role of inflammasomes as radioprotective or radioexacerbating factors in recovery from radiation injury including the use of littermate controls, the sex of the animals, differences in microbiota within the colonies and other experimental conditions. Under the conditions tested, inflammasome components do not exacerbate radiation injury, but rather provide protective benefit.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document