scholarly journals Stem Photosynthesis Affects Hydraulic Resilience in the Deciduous Populusalba but Not in the Evergreen Laurus nobilis

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 2911
Author(s):  
Patrizia Trifilò ◽  
Sara Natale ◽  
Sara Gargiulo ◽  
Elisa Abate ◽  
Valentino Casolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Hydraulic Conductance ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Laurus Nobilis ◽  
Stem Photosynthesis ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Structural Carbohydrate

Stem photosynthesis has been suggested to play relevant roles to cope with different biotic and abiotic stress factors, including drought. In the present study, we performed measurements of stem hydraulic conductance and non-structural carbohydrate content in the evergreen Laurus nobilis L. and the deciduous Populusalba L., subjected to inhibition of stem photosynthesis and successive exposure to a drought-recovery cycle in order to check if stem photosynthesis may be involved in allowing hydraulic recovery after drought stress relief. Stem shading affected the growth of L. nobilis but not of P. alba saplings. By contrast, inhibition of stem photosynthesis was coupled to inhibition of hydraulic recovery following embolism build-up under drought in P. alba but not in L. nobilis. The two study species showed a different content and behavior of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs). The differences in NSCs’ trend and embolism reversal ability led to a significant relationship between starch content and the corresponding hydraulic conductance values in L. nobilis but not in P. alba. Our findings suggest that stem photosynthesis plays a key role in the maintenance of hydraulic functioning during drought especially in the deciduous species. This, in turn, may increase their vulnerability under current global climate change scenarios.

GRAFTED TOMATOES – ECOLOGICAL ALTERNATIVE FOR CHEMICAL DISINFECTION OF SOIL

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorin Sora ◽  
Mădălina Doltu
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Chemical Disinfection

This study aimed to identification of an ecological alternative for the chemical disinfection of soil in the greenhouses from Romania. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most popular vegetable crops in the world. The carbohydrate, vitamins, salts of important mineral elements and organic acids content of tomato fruits is very important. Tomato crops are very sensitive to climatic vagaries, so fluctuation in climatic parameters at any phase of growth can affect the yield and the fruit quality. Grafting on Solanaceae is a method which has improved and spread quickly during the past years, a similar approach to crop rotation, a practice meant to increase productivity, resistance or tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress factors and at increasing fruit quality. The research was conducted in a glass greenhouse of the Horting Institute, Bucharest, Romania. The biological material used was a Romanian tomato hybrid (Siriana F1), a Dutch tomato hybrid (Abellus F1) and four rootstocks, a Dutch tomato hybrid (Emperador F1) and three Romanian tomato cultivars (L542, L543 and L544) obtained from the Research and Development Station for Vegetable Growing, Buzău, Romania. The rootstocks have had resistance to biotic stress factors (soil diseases and pests) and the chemical disinfection of soil has was eliminated. The result of this research are presented in this paper.

scholarly journals Activation of the Promoter of the Tnt1 Retrotransposon in Tomato After Inoculation with the Fungal Pathogen Cladosporium fulvum

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 592-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Mhiri ◽  
Pierre J. G. M. De Wit ◽  
Marie-Angèle Grandbastien
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Cladosporium Fulvum ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Specific Factors

The copia-like Tnt1 element of tobacco is one of the few active plant retrotransposons and is transcriptionally activated, in tobacco and in heterologous species, by biotic and abiotic stress factors. In order to establish more precisely the link between Tnt1 activation and plant defense responses, the expression of the Tnt1 promoter was studied in a gene-for-gene pathosystem, the interaction between tomato and the fungal pathogen Cladosporium fulvum. In compatible interactions, Tnt1 expression is highly induced throughout the leaf regions colonized by the fungus, while in incompatible interactions Tnt1 induction is transient and localized in distinct foci. Tnt1 expression after fungal inoculation parallels the differential activation of tomato defense genes. Tnt1 expression is induced by nonspecific factors of plant or fungal origin present in apoplastic fluids of leaf tissues infected by virulent races of C. fulvum, but is also activated by specific factors resulting from the interaction between fungal avirulence peptides and plant resistance genes. Tnt1 activation by apoplastic fluids containing avirulence peptides of C. fulvum is detected soon after elicitation. These results demonstrate that Tnt1 transcriptional activation correlates with biological responses of tomato to infection by C. fulvum and is mediated through signals originating from both race-specific and non-race-specific perception pathways.

Variability in Breeding Pool of Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) for Yield, Quality and Resistance to Different Biotic and Abiotic Stress Factors

Sugar Tech ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
A. Anna Durai ◽  
M. N. Premachandran ◽  
P. Govindaraj ◽  
P. Malathi ◽  
R. Viswanathan
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Saccharum Spp ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Breeding Pool

scholarly journals Крымский бисер – новый бессемянный сорт винограда селекции Института «Магарач»

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.V. Likhovskoi ◽  
V.A. Volynkin ◽  
I.A. Vasylyk ◽  
A.A. Polulyakh ◽  
S.V. Levchenko
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Training Technique ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Production Period

Селекционерами Института Магарач в результате целенаправленной селекции создан новый бессемянный сорт винограда столового направления использования, отличающийся от сорта-эталона Кишмиш лучистый очень ранним сроком созревания, высокой продуктивностью, относительно высокой устойчивостью к биотическим и абиотическим стресс-факторам биосферы, нарядной гроздью и ягодой, и высоким качеством столового винограда. Элитная форма, оформленная как новый сорт винограда, выделена из популяции сеянцев комбинации скрещивания Подарок Запорожью (колх.) х Русбол улучшенный (колх.) 2009 г. при комплексном изучении популяций столовых форм винограда очень раннего срока созревания. В статье представлены основные ампелографические и биолого-хозяйственные параметры, которыми характеризуется новый перспективный сорт: очень ранний срок созревания (5 августа), продукционный период 110 дней. В результате экспериментальных лабораторных исследований по определению морозоустойчивости сортов и элитных форм винограда установлена средняя морозоустойчивость сорта Крымский бисер (до минус 21 С). Рекомендуемая форма куста кордон на среднем штамбе. Нагрузка 6 глазков на рожке (4 рожка). Схема посадки 3 х 1,5 м. Профилактические обработки против грибных болезней 34 раза в сезон. Возделывание сорта Крымский бисер в производственных насаждениях Южного берега Крыма позволит получать чистую прибыль с 1 га насаждений 1896.0 тыс. руб. ежегодно.As a result of targeted selection, plant selection breeders of the Institute Magarach created a new seedless cultivar of table grapes distinguished from the standard cultivar Kishmish luchistyi by a very early ripening date, high productivity, relatively high resistance to biotic and abiotic stress-factors of the biosphere, elegant bunch and berry, and high quality of table grapes. The elite form formally established as a new grape cultivar has been singled out from the seedlings population Podarok Zhaporozhyu (colchicine treated) x Rusbol ulutshennyi (colchicine treated) as a result of a cross performed in 2009 under a complex study of a population of table grape forms of a very early ripening date. The article summarizes the main ampelographic, biological and commercial parameters characteristic of the new promising cultivar: very early ripening date (5th of August), production period 110 days. Laboratory research on frost-resistance of cultivars and elite grapevine forms established average frost resistance of Krymski biser cultivar (up to -21 degrees Celsius). The recommended bush training technique is a medium trunk cordon. The load of 6 eyes on cane (4 canes on bush). The planting scheme is 3x1.5 m. Prophylactic treatment against fungal diseases 34 times per year. Cultivation of Krymski biser cultivar in commercial vineyards of the southern coast of Crimea will allow obtaining a yearly net profit of 1896.0 thousand roubles from 1 ha of plantations.

scholarly journals Challenges – the impact of climate change on the nutritional management of Hungarian orchards

2018 ◽  
pp. 323-334
Author(s):  
Péter Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Nutrient Demand ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
The Impact

The agricultural sector is increasingly exposed to both environmental and economic risks due to the phenomena of climate change and climate variability. Fruit growth and productivity are adversely affected by nature’s wrath in the form of various abiotic stress factors. Climate change and extreme climatic events are predicted to increase in intensity, frequency, and geographic extent as a consequence of global climate change. It is no doubt that frequency of unexpected climatic events and their growing rate result in an increasing amount of problems for fruit growers globally. Today, climate change impacts are the most serious problems for Hungarian fruit growers as well. It can be stated that the nutrient demand of fruit trees can be supplied only under even worse conditions. Therefore, it is so important to know and apply adaptation and mitigation strategies in horticulture to improve fruit quality and yield. In the last ten years, at the Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management at University of Debrecen expanded studies have been made to prove the importance of groundcover management in horticultural applications. In this mini review paper, is presented, how the university's researches contributed to the expansion of knowledge of preservation of soil moisture and what advice we can provide for fruit growers to face the challenges of climate change.

scholarly journals The Impact of Biotic and Abiotic Stress Factors on Development of European Ash Tissue Cultures

Forests ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Nawrot-Chorabik ◽  
Małgorzata Sułkowska ◽  
Małgorzata Osmenda ◽  
Vasyl Mohytych ◽  
Ewa Surówka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
European Ash

Fraxinus excelsior L. is threatened by a variety of environmental factors causing a decline of the species. The most important biotic factors negatively affecting the condition of the F. excelsior population are fungi such as the pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. Abiotic factors with potentially harmful effect to the F. excelsior population are the accumulation of heavy metals and salinity in soils. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of selected biotic and abiotic stress factors to determine which of them pose a threat to European ash. The study was conducted using in vitro techniques based on callus and seedlings regenerated via indirect organogenesis. Tissue cultures exclude the influence of other factors, including the environmental impact on ash extinction. The results confirmed very strong pathogenic potential of H. fraxineus in which after 14 days the callus tissue cells died as the tissue failed to activate its defense mechanisms. Experiments showed the high toxicity of cadmium in concentration of 0.027 mmol/L. Salinity caused the activity of oxidation enzymes to vary among seedlings and calluses in the control suggesting the enzymes play a role in controlling the morphogenetic development of tissue cultures.

scholarly journals Genetic modifications as a future prospect in the improvement of the major qualitative traits of cereals. A review

2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
KAROLINA DUDZIAK ◽  
MICHAŁ NOWAK ◽  
KRZYSZTOF KOWALCZYK
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Direct Gene Transfer ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors

Progress in cereals transformation which can be observed for last two decades has great importance in the development of plant science and agriculture. So far, non-vector techniques, particularly direct gene transfer using „gene gun”, have been often applied in cereals transformation. However, agrobiotechnology achievements enabled cereals transformation with the soil bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Initially, it was believed that this technique cannot be applied to cereals because monocotyledones are outside the host range of the crown gall disease. Nowadays, the top five cereals with the highest economic significance – rice (Oryza sativa L.), maize (Zea mays L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) are quite efficiently transformed by A. tumefaciens. By means of molecular genetic tools it is possible to obtain cereals with new, improved traits. The present paper is focused on agricultural development which can by observed by the application of GM cereals tolerant to biotic and abiotic stress factors. Moreover, we summarized the latest achievements in cereals transformation.

scholarly journals Impact of Carbon Nanomaterials on the Antioxidant System of Tomato Seedlings

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 5858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda González-García ◽  
Elsy Rubisela López-Vargas ◽  
Gregorio Cadenas-Pliego ◽  
Adalberto Benavides-Mendoza ◽  
Susana González-Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Antioxidant Responses ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Carbon Based Nanomaterials

Tomato is one of the most economically important vegetables worldwide and is constantly threatened by various biotic and abiotic stress factors reducing the quality and quantity in the production of this crop. As an alternative to mitigate stress in plants, carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) have been used in agricultural areas. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the antioxidant responses of tomato seedlings to the application via foliar and drench of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene (GP). Different doses (10, 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 mg L−1) and a control were evaluated. The results showed that the fresh and dry root weight increased with the application of CNMs. Regarding the antioxidant responses of tomato seedlings, the application of CNMs increased the content of phenols, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, glutathione, photosynthetic pigments, activity of the enzyme’s ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase as well as the content of proteins. Therefore, the use of carbon-based nanomaterials could be a good alternative to induce tolerance to different stress in tomato crop.

scholarly journals Influence of Biotic and Abiotic Stress Factors on Physiological Traits of Sugarcane Varieties

10.5772/55255 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Galon ◽  
Germani Conceno ◽  
Evander A. ◽  
Ignacio Aspiazu ◽  
Alexandre F. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors

scholarly journals Brassinosteroids, the Sixth Class of Phytohormones: A Molecular View from the Discovery to Hormonal Interactions in Plant Development and Stress Adaptation

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Peres ◽  
José Soares ◽  
Rafael Tavares ◽  
Germanna Righetto ◽  
Marco Zullo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
New Era ◽  
New Class ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors

Phytohormones are natural chemical messengers that play critical roles in the regulation of plant growth and development as well as responses to biotic and abiotic stress factors, maintaining plant homeostasis, and allowing adaptation to environmental changes. The discovery of a new class of phytohormones, the brassinosteroids (BRs), almost 40 years ago opened a new era for the studies of plant growth and development and introduced new perspectives in the regulation of agronomic traits through their use in agriculture. BRs are a group of hormones with significant growth regulatory activity that act independently and in conjunction with other phytohormones to control different BR-regulated activities. Genetic and molecular research has increased our understanding of how BRs and their cross-talk with other phytohormones control several physiological and developmental processes. The present article provides an overview of BRs’ discovery as well as recent findings on their interactions with other phytohormones at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, in addition to clarifying how their network works to modulate plant growth, development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document