scholarly journals Flexibility-Enhancing Charging Station to Support the Integration of Electric Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Iliana Ilieva ◽  
Bernt Bremdal
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Traffic Data ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Local Flexibility ◽  
Free Transport ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Roll Out

This paper discusses the Inspiria charging station facility in Norway, which enables various charging point operators to offer different charging systems for different purposes and needs. The charging station can be considered a specific case of a shared economy, as users share the same infrastructure and much of the same space. By utilizing new technology and the differences in charging needs in an innovative way, the power requirements for charging can be controlled and the severity of high-load periods can be reduced—both within the charging station’s system and outside it. Using historical traffic data from the Inspiria charging station’s area and Monte Carlo simulations, this study investigated the impact of charging on the grid—both in the current period and in the future. Attention was paid to the impact associated with the usage of superfast chargers. The possibility of containing grid disturbances through utilization of local flexibility was investigated. Finally, we investigated the benefits that the charging station model brings to charging point operators and car owners. The research reported provides support for ambitions for accelerated roll-out and increased density of cost-effective charging points, the wider implication of which concerns the transition to fossil-free transport and the utilization of locally generated, renewable energy.

scholarly journals Electric Vehicle Charging System

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
Rutuja Rajole ◽  
Rutuja Kakulte ◽  
Ashwin Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
The World ◽  
Vehicle Charging ◽  
Charging Stations ◽  
The Impact

Electric vehicles are a new and upcoming technology in the transportation and power sector that have many benefits in terms of economic and environmental. This study presents a comprehensive review and evaluation of various types of electric vehicles and its associated equipment in particular battery charger and charging station. A comparison is made on the commercial and prototype electric vehicles in terms of electric range, battery size, charger power and charging time. The various types of charging stations and standards used for charging electric vehicles have been outlined and the impact of electric vehicle charging on utility distribution systems is also discussed. The methodology presented here was time-and cost-effective, as well as scalable to other organizations that own charging stations. Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming increasingly popular in many countries of the world. EVs are proving more energy efficient and environmental friendly. But the lack of charging stations restricts the wide adoption of EVs in the world. As EV usage grows, more public spaces are installing EV charging stations.

scholarly journals Understanding the Future Impacts of Electric Vehicles—An Analysis of Multiple Factors That Influence the Market

Vehicles ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 851-871
Author(s):  
Jonathan Wellings ◽  
David Greenwood ◽  
Stuart R. Coles
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vehicle Market

The electric vehicle market is an increasingly important aspect of the automotive industry. However, as a relatively new technology, several issues remain present within the industry. An analysis is utilised to examine these issues, along with how they affect the industry and how they can be tackled. Several key issues that affect the electric vehicle market, as well as how efforts to address these issues influence the market, are identified. The analysis also includes the examination of ethical issues, with the issues that arise from the production of raw materials for electric vehicles. The analysis and examination of ethical issues display a wide range of problems in the industry. However, it did highlight the efforts being made to lessen the effect of these problems by various groups, such as regulation by EU and US governing bodies on the materials mined. From this analysis, this paper identifies that many of the other factors examined are directly or indirectly influenced by political and economic factors, also examined in this review. This highlights the impact that governing bodies and businesses have on a vast number of issues that are present within the market and how they can resolve the harmful factors examined.

Dental Health of Children: Where We Are Today and Remaining Challenges

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
The Impact

Dental caries remains the most common disease in man and presents a tremendous health-affecting challenge and fiscal burden to both developed and underdeveloped countries. Changing demographics including increased number of ethnic minorities, cultural practices and diet, the number of children living in poverty or near poverty, and the special needs of medically compromised children have made solutions more complex and evasive. Systemic and topical fluoride contacts remain the most cost-effective public health response to preventing caries among children. The time-honored impact of reducing sugars and carbohydrates in the diet and improving oral hygiene practices also remain essential. New technology has the potential of offering remineralization strategies. The dental profession is challenged to be proactive in identifying alternatives and implementing new and creative ways to embrace underserved children and improve their access to care including trauma prevention. The impact on families and society, including financial and general well-being, due to poor oral health is significant. Lower income families absorb disproportionately the effect of dental diseases due to lack of education, food availability and selection, and access to early preventive care.

scholarly journals Downsizing of contact tracing during COVID-19 vaccine roll-out

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria M Martignoni ◽  
Joshua Renault ◽  
Joseph Baafi ◽  
Amy Hurford
Keyword(s):  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Outbreak Detection ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Epidemic Spread ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Roll Out

Contact tracing is a key component of successful management of COVID-19. Contacts of infected individuals are asked to quarantine, which can significantly slow down (or prevent) community spread. Contact tracing is particularly effective when infections are detected quickly (e.g., through rapid testing), when contacts are traced with high probability, when the initial number of cases is low, and when social distancing and border restrictions are in place. However, the magnitude of the individual contribution of these factors in reducing epidemic spread and the impact of vaccination in determining contact tracing outputs is not fully understood. We present a delayed differential equation model to investigate how vaccine roll-out and the relaxation of social distancing requirements affect contact tracing practises. We provide an analytical criteria to determine the minimal contact tracing efficiency (defined as the the probability of identifying and quarantining contacts of symptomatic individuals) required to keep an outbreak under control, with respect to the contact rate and vaccination status of the population. Additionally, we consider how delays in outbreak detection and increased case importation rates affect the number of contacts to be traced daily. We show that in vaccinated communities a lower contact tracing efficiency is required to avoid uncontrolled epidemic spread, and delayed outbreak detection and relaxation of border restrictions do not lead to a significantly higher risk of overwhelming contact tracing. We find that investing in testing programs, rather than increasing the contact tracing capacity, has a larger impact in determining whether an outbreak will be controllable. This is because early detection activates contact tracing, which will slow, and eventually reverse exponential growth, while the contact tracing capacity is a threshold that will easily become overwhelmed if exponential growth is not curbed. Finally, we evaluate quarantine effectiveness during vaccine roll-out, by considering the proportion of people that will develop an infection while in isolation in relation to the vaccination status of the population and for different viral variants. We show that quarantine effectiveness decreases with increasing proportion of fully vaccinated individuals, and increases in the presence of more transmissible variants. These results suggest that a cost-effective approach during vaccine roll-out is to establish different quarantine rules for vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals, where rules should depend on viral transmissibility. Altogether, our study provides quantitative information for contact tracing downsizing during vaccine roll-out, to guide COVID-19 exit strategies.

scholarly journals PV-Powered Charging Station for Electric Vehicles: Power Management with Integrated V2G

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6500
Author(s):  
Dian Wang ◽  
Manuela Sechilariu ◽  
Fabrice Locment
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Start Time ◽  
Vehicle To Grid ◽  
The Public ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ev Charging

The increase in the number of electric vehicles (EVs) has led to an increase in power demand from the public grid; hence, a photovoltaic based charging station for an electric vehicle (EV) can participate to solve some peak power problems. On the other hand, vehicle-to-grid technology is designed and applied to provide ancillary services to the grid during the peak periods, considering the duality of EV battery “load-source”. In this paper, a dynamic searching peak and valley algorithm, based on energy management, is proposed for an EV charging station to mitigate the impact on the public grid, while reducing the energy cost of the public grid. The proposed searching peak and valley algorithm can determine the optimal charging/discharging start time of EV in consideration of the initial state of charge, charging modes, arrival time, departure time, and the peak periods. Simulation results demonstrate the proposed searching peak and valley algorithm’s effectiveness, which can guarantee the balance of the public grid, whilst meanwhile satisfying the charging demand of EV users, and most importantly, reduce the public grid energy cost.

scholarly journals Modeling Vehicles to Grid as a Source of Distributed Frequency Regulation in Isolated Grids with Significant RES Penetration

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neofytos Neofytou ◽  
Konstantinos Blazakis ◽  
Yiannis Katsigiannis ◽  
Georgios Stavrakakis
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Regulation Services ◽  
Primary Frequency ◽  
The Impact

The rapid development of technology used in electric vehicles, and in particular their penetration in electricity networks, is a major challenge for the area of electric power systems. The utilization of battery capacity of the interconnected vehicles can bring significant benefits to the network via the Vehicle to Grid (V2G) operation. The V2G operation is a process that can provide primary frequency regulation services in the electric network by exploiting the total capacity of a fleet of electric vehicles. In this paper, the impact of the plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) in the primary frequency regulation is studied and the effects PHEVs cause in non-interconnected isolated power systems with significant renewable energy sources (RES) penetration. Also it is taken into consideration the requirements of users for charging their vehicles. The V2G operation can be performed either with fluctuations in charging power of vehicles, or by charging or discharging the battery. So an electric vehicle user can participate in V2G operation either during the loading of the vehicle to the charging station, or by connecting the vehicle in the charging station without any further demands to charge its battery. In this paper, the response of PHEVs with respect to the frequency fluctuations of the network is modeled and simulated. Additionally, by using the PowerWorld Simulator software, simulations of the isolated power system of Cyprus Island, including the current RES penetration are performed in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of V2G operation in its primary frequency regulation.

Implications of Changing Dynamics for Metered On-Street Parking

2015 ◽  
Vol 2500 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Soumya S. Dey ◽  
Stephanie Dock ◽  
Evian Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Program Outcomes ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Dynamic Congestion Pricing ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Maintenance Personnel ◽  
Real Time Information ◽  
The Impact

The parking industry has seen significant changes over the past decade with the infusion of new technology and smart assets. The introduction of networked meters, virtual payment methods (such as pay-by-cell and credit–debit cards at meters), and technology for real-time detection of space occupancy has resulted in better system uptime, proactive maintenance strategies, multiple payment options, real-time information on parking availability, and better use of spaces through dynamic congestion pricing. The new parking assets and payment options have implications for municipalities and vendors supporting their parking programs. Instead of a significant portion of revenue from coins, virtual transactions account for a predominant share of the parking revenue stream. Focusing on Washington, D.C., as a case study, this paper discusses the economic implications of the changes in the context of overall parking revenue and the cost of different revenue streams for parking. The paper also discusses the impact of these changes on program management (such as maintenance, personnel, and contracting models) and program outcomes (such as customer satisfaction and continued innovation). The paper provides agencies with a framework for taking a holistic look at their parking programs and assessing the impacts of various alternative, cost-effective approaches.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Impact of Electric Vehicles on the Design and Effectiveness of Electric Distribution Grid with Distributed Generation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 5125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Mancini ◽  
Michela Longo ◽  
Wahiba Yaici ◽  
Dario Zaninelli
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Heavy Load ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Fast Charging ◽  
Probable Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future

The objective of this paper is to assess the probable effect that electric vehicles (EVs), already in wide circulation and likely to increase exponentially in the near future, will have on distribution networks. Analyses are conducted on the necessary interventions and evolutions that the distribution grid will have to undergo in order to manage this new and progressively increasing heavy load of energy. Thus, in order to understand the technical limitations of the current infrastructure and how transformers and lines will be able to withstand the increasing penetration of EVs, urban and rural grid models have been studied, to highlight the differences between the impacts on high- and low-density networks. In addition, an analysis of fast charging station impact has been carried out. MATLAB software was used to perform the simulations for the creation of scripts, which were then exploited within the DIgSILENT PowerFactory software. This allowed evaluation of the networks under examination and verification of the effectiveness of the proposed solutions. In concluding based on findings, some methods of managing the distribution network to optimise the network parameters analysed in the study and a solution involving electric vehicles are recommended.

scholarly journals Research on voltage stability and control strategy of power system considering grid connected charging of electric vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 2121 (1) ◽  
pp. 012020
Author(s):  
Weidong Fang ◽  
Hao Lv ◽  
Yiting Jiang ◽  
Lingzhi Li
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Voltage Stability ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
New Energy ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The development of new energy vehicles is an important measure to deal with the growing energy demand and climate change. Especially in recent years, with the support of national policies and the maturity of electric vehicles(EVs) related technologies, the number of EVs has increased explosively, and the situation is very good. However, it also means that a large number of charging loads will be connected to the power grid, which will put great pressure on the safe and stable operation of the power grid. Although there have been many studies on the impact of EVs integration into modern power grid, most of the EVs load models are based on probability function and lack accuracy. Therefore, starting with the actual operation data of EVs charging station, this paper studies the influence of a large number of EVs charging loads on the static voltage stability of power grid. It is found that the charging load of large-scale EVs is added to the power grid, which significantly reduces the stability of power grid voltage, especially at the place connected to the EVs load and far away from the balance node. In addition, when the charging station adopts the time-of-use(TOU) price strategy, it can effectively improve the voltage stability of the whole network.

Decision Making and Economic Analysis for Accelerated Bridge Construction

2013 ◽  
Vol 423-426 ◽  
pp. 2196-2201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeng Zhong Wang ◽  
Bin Shi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Accelerated Bridge Construction ◽  
Bridge Construction ◽  
Construction Time ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
The Impact

Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC) is recognized as an important method to design and rehabilitate highway bridge structures. ABC is bridge construction that uses innovative planning, design, materials, and construction methods in a safe and cost-effective manner to reduce the onsite construction time that occurs when building new bridges or replacing and rehabilitating existing bridges. ABC uses both new technology and innovative project management techniques to reduce the impact of bridge construction projects on the public and to reduce bridge construction costs. In the early stages of a construction project, engineers need to assess whether elements of ABC are achievable and effective for a specific bridge location. Use of decision-making tools in early stages of planning is advocated as a mechanism for helping decision maker assess alternatives with more confidence and for preventing investment in alternatives that are more costly. In this study, a set of decision making tools, based on the Bridge Construction Index (BCI) were developed. This tool is prepared for transportation specialists and decision-makers to determine if ABC techniques are more effective than traditional construction for a given bridge replacement or rehabilitation project.

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