Vitamin D and atopic dermatitis

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
Mariya Aleksandrovna Bochkareva ◽  
Svetlana Viktorovna Bulgakova ◽  
Anula Viktorovna Melikova
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Skeletal System ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Global Health Problem

Allergic diseases, in particular, atopic dermatitis, are becoming a global health problem due to the rapid spread, both as an independent disease and as a predictor of the development of bronchial asthma. Discovery of all the processes of the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis will provide great opportunities for the prevention and treatment of this disease. In this regard, special attention is paid to vitamin D, which becomes more and more popular all over the world every year. In addition to the known and studied consequences of vitamin D deficiency for skeletal system health and mineral metabolism, recent studies have shown that calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, is involved in many biological processes in the body, including the regulation of the immune system. The discovery of the vitamin D receptor on various cells of the body opens up new prospects for studying the course of various diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, vascular atherosclerosis, obesity, autoimmune diseases, oncology and allergies. The review will be devoted to this problem. 38 foreign and 2 domestic sources are cited.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Signaling in Inflammation and Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 3219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed El-Sharkawy ◽  
Ahmed Malki
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Active Form ◽  
The Body ◽  
Skeletal Health ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Vitamin D Signaling

Vitamin D and its active metabolites are important nutrients for human skeletal health. UV irradiation of skin converts 7-dehydrocholesterol into vitamin D3, which metabolized in the liver and kidneys into its active form, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Apart from its classical role in calcium and phosphate regulation, scientists have shown that the vitamin D receptor is expressed in almost all tissues of the body, hence it has numerous biological effects. These includes fetal and adult homeostatic functions in development and differentiation of metabolic, epidermal, endocrine, neurological and immunological systems of the body. Moreover, the expression of vitamin D receptor in the majority of immune cells and the ability of these cells to actively metabolize 25(OH)D3 into its active form 1,25(OH)2D3 reinforces the important role of vitamin D signaling in maintaining a healthy immune system. In addition, several studies have showed that vitamin D has important regulatory roles of mechanisms controlling proliferation, differentiation and growth. The administration of vitamin D analogues or the active metabolite of vitamin D activates apoptotic pathways, has antiproliferative effects and inhibits angiogenesis. This review aims to provide an up-to-date overview on the effects of vitamin D and its receptor (VDR) in regulating inflammation, different cell death modalities and cancer. It also aims to investigate the possible therapeutic benefits of vitamin D and its analogues as anticancer agents.

scholarly journals Influence of vitamin D provision on the course of acute respiratory infections in children

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Marushko ◽  
◽  
S.I. Esipova ◽  
T.V. Gishchak ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Skeletal System ◽  
D3 Receptors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

The review article provides data from modern studies confirming the multifaceted effect of vitamin D in the human body. Vitamin D3 receptors (VDRs) have been shown to be present in most organs and tissues of the body. This confirms the importance of vitamin D not only in the formation of the skeletal system, but also in many of its extraosseous effects. Calcitriol affects the modulation of cell growth, neuromuscular conduction, inflammation processes, and is also an important stimulator of innate immunity due to the synthesis of antimicrobial peptides that provide protection against bacteria and viruses. In recent years, the relationship between the concentration of vitamin D in the blood and the incidence of respiratory infections in children has been actively studied. Many studies have shown that low vitamin D status is characteristic of most children with respiratory infections, and an adequate level of 25(OH)D in serum has a positive effect on the frequency of these infections and the severity of their course. Most authors demonstrate the benefits of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention of respiratory diseases in children, but there is no consensus regarding the frequency and dosage of vitamin D. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. Key words: vitamin D, children, deficiency, respiratory diseases, prevention.

SCREENING INVESTIGATIONS OF VITAMIN D CONTENT DIFFERENT POPULATION GROUPS OF BIG SOCHI

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
Chzhu O.P. ◽  
Araviashvili D.E.
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Age Factors ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Active Form ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Data on vitamin D metabolism suggest that it is a secosteroid prohormone. Current studies have shown that the mechanism of functioning of vitamin D is associated with a specific receptor of the hormonally active form of this vitamin (VDR). Receptors for vitamin D are identified in more than 40 target tissues of the body (bones, muscles, intestine, kidneys, heart, prostate gland, mammary glands, pancreas), in particular in most cells of the immune system and epithelial cells lining the mucous membranes which determines many of its biological effects. Vitamin D levels affect 172 major physiological indicators of human health [1,2]. Determining the optimal values for vitamin D connect in body plays a key role in establishment of recommendations for maintaining the normal status of this vitamin throughout the year, including winter months. In connection with the discovery of new extraskeletal (non-calcemic) functions of vitamin, as well as the influence on its content of geographical, ethnic and age factors, it became necessary to clarify the norms of physiological need for this vitamin based on regional conditions [2]. The work presented is a part of comprehensive research on optimizing the reference values of diagnostic systems and enzyme immunoassay systems, in particular, to definite human populations. The investigations presented out in this work revealed the most vulnerable groups in relation to D deficiency and revealed significant seasonal degradation of vitamin content, despite the fairly comfortable climate conditions of the coast of Greater Sochi.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Receptor in Osteoblasts Is a Negative Regulator of Bone Mass Control

Endocrinology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (3) ◽  
pp. 1008-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Yamamoto ◽  
Tatsuya Yoshizawa ◽  
Toru Fukuda ◽  
Yuko Shirode-Fukuda ◽  
Taiyong Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Collagen Promoter ◽  
Mass Increase

Abstract The physiological and beneficial actions of vitamin D in bone health have been experimentally and clinically proven in mammals. The active form of vitamin D [1α,25(OH)2D3] binds and activates its specific nuclear receptor, the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Activated VDR prevents the release of calcium from its storage in bone to serum by stimulating intestinal calcium absorption and renal reabsorption. However, the direct action of VDR in bone tissue is poorly understood because serum Ca2+ homeostasis is maintained through tightly regulated ion transport by the kidney, intestine, and bone. In addition, conventional genetic approaches using VDR knockout (VDR-KO, VDR−/−) mice could not identify VDR action in bone because of the animals' systemic defects in calcium metabolism. In this study, we report that systemic VDR heterozygous KO (VDR+/L−) mice generated with the Cre/loxP system as well as conventional VDR heterozygotes (VDR+/−) showed increased bone mass in radiological assessments. Because mineral metabolism parameters were unaltered in both types of mice, these bone phenotypes imply that skeletal VDR plays a role in bone mass regulation. To confirm this assumption, osteoblast-specific VDR-KO (VDRΔOb/ΔOb) mice were generated with 2.3 kb α1(I)-collagen promoter-Cre transgenic mice. They showed a bone mass increase without any dysregulation of mineral metabolism. Although bone formation parameters were not affected in bone histomorphometry, bone resorption was obviously reduced in VDRΔOb/ΔOb mice because of decreased expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (an essential molecule in osteoclastogenesis) in VDRΔOb/ΔOb osteoblasts. These findings establish that VDR in osteoblasts is a negative regulator of bone mass control.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Review: The Low Hanging Fruit for Human Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Lucy N. W. Mungai ◽  
Zanuba Mohammed ◽  
Michuki Maina ◽  
Omar Anjumanara
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Immune Regulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Phosphate Metabolism ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Bone Mineralisation ◽  
Calcium And Phosphate Metabolism

Vitamin D is an important hormone that is known for the regulation of calcium and phosphate metabolism. Vitamin D deficiency leads to rickets in children and osteoporosis in adults leading to poor bone mineralisation and can also lead to serious dental complications in the same population. Recent studies have shown vitamin D to work as a hormone needed not only in bone and teeth but also in other body organs from intrauterine life up to old age. It has been demonstrated that Vitamin D has various effects on biological processes that deal with cell growth, differentiation, cell death, immune regulation, DNA stability, and neuronal growth. Despite being readily formed in the body through the intervention of the sun, patients are still found to have low vitamin D levels. We review studies done to show how vitamin D works.

scholarly journals Alfacalcidol use in complex therapy of atopic dermatitis

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 952-958
Author(s):  
V Yu Pestova
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Severe Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Complex Therapy

Aim. To study clinical course of atopic dermatitis and improve dermatosis therapeutic tactics in vitamin D deficiency. Study design - comparative observational open-label study. Methods. 67 patients with a verified «atopic dermatitis» diagnosis were selected to study. Serum calcidol level below 75 nmol/l was observed in 32 patients what was the basis to division of the observed patients into two groups. Conventional therapy (local glucocorticoids and moistening agents, systemic administration of non-specific anti-inflammatory and desensitizing agents) was administered to all patients. Vitamin D active form - alfacalcidol (Alpha D3-Teva) was administered to patients of the second group as a part of complex therapy. Results. Good clinical results have been achieved amid the treatment, in 21 days SCORAD index decreased by 86.56% in the first group, in the second - by 93.63%, with the clinical remission achievement in over 75% of patients in both groups. Atopic dermatitis complex therapy using alfacalcidol contributed to the normalization of the vitamin D concentration (from 42.92±2.87 to 79.26±4.92 nmol/l) and total calcium level (from 1.97±0.4 to 2, 21±0,8 mmol/l), reduced TEWL measurement and increased corneometry results. The therapy did not contribute to the sebometry data change in both groups. Conclusion. Vitamin D deficiency leads to more severe atopic dermatitis course; complex treatment of this disease with alfacalcidol facilitated normalization of serum vitamin D level and tendency to the epidermal barrier recovery, what opens new possibilities in the treatment of atopic dermatitis.

scholarly journals The main aspects of the immunopathogenesis of atopic dermatitis in children

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Olga Olegovna Pobezhimova ◽  
Alexander Viktorovich Zhestkov
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Adaptation

Research objective Atopic dermatitis (AtD) is the earliest and most frequent manifestation of the body’s hypersensitivity reaction to environmental allergens. Often manifested in severe form, affecting the skin, can occur in early infancy, childhood. The disease is genetically determined and is chronic. AtD is one of the most common skin diseases (from 20 to 40% in the structure of skin diseases), which occurs in all countries in people of both sexes. In recent years, there has been an increase in the incidence of AtD throughout the world. The disease is more common in highly developed countries and cities (less commonly in rural areas). AtD significantly reduces the quality of life of children, causing psychological discomfort and disrupting their social adaptation. AtD in children is a risk factor for the «atopic march» — the further sequential development of other allergic diseases: allergic rhinitis, pollinosis, allergic conjunctivitis, bronchial asthma. With a reduced immune response of the body, AtD in children can be complicated by the addition of a secondary infection (bacterial, viral, fungal). Such a high incidence rate, a debut in early childhood, a frequently recurring course of the pathological process, and a tendency towards an increase in the forms of the disease resistant to traditional therapy make the details of the pathogenesis of AtD particularly relevant. One of the main roles in the pathogenesis of AtD belongs to the cells of the immune system. The purpose of this article: to systematize the information available today on the immunopathogenesis of atopic dermatitis.

scholarly journals Impact of Maternal Vitamin D Status on the Formation of Atopic Dermatitis in Young Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2110229
Author(s):  
Mariam Petriashvili
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Maternal Vitamin ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

Recent studies have highlighted relationship of allergic diseases with vitamin D deficiency. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of maternal vitamin D levels in pregnancy on the formation of atopic dermatitis in early life. A total of 186 pregnant women and their infants who developed atopic dermatitis before the age of 2 years were involved in the prospective study. Most pregnant women (57.5%) were diagnosed with 25(OH)D deficiency (3.6 ± 4.4 ng/ml) ( P = .000). Maternal 25(OH)D deficiency was directly related to atopic family anamnesis and relatively high IgE levels. In these cases, children developed atopic dermatitis before the age of 6 months (70.8%) with prevalence of moderate-severity (55%) and persistent course (68.3%) of the disease. The above mentioned supported the idea that the peculiarities of the formation of atopic dermatitis in young children are associated with low concentrations of vitamin D in mothers during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Vitamin D in Atopic Dermatitis, Asthma and Allergic Diseases

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Searing ◽  
Donald Y.M. Leung
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Allergic Diseases

scholarly journals Klotho-Dependent Role of 1,25(OH)2D3 in the Brain

Neurosignals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-23
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Early Death ◽  
Premature Aging ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
The Brain

The antiaging protein Klotho is encoded by the Klotho gene first identified as an 'aging suppressor', in mice. Klotho deficiency is involved in premature aging and early death, while its overexpression is related to longevity. Klotho is mostly expressed in the kidney, but also in the brain, and in other organs. Two forms of Klotho, the cell membrane and secreted form, have pleiotropic activities that include regulation of general metabolism, oxidative stress, and mineral metabolism that correlates with its effect on accelerating aging. Membrane Klotho serves as an obligate co-receptor for the fibroblast growth factor (FGF), while secreted Klotho plays its role as a humoral factor. Klotho protein participates in the regulation of several biological activities, including regulation of calcium-phosphate homeostasis and PTH as well as vitamin D metabolism. The active form of vitamin D, 1,25(OH)2D3 (1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 = calcitriol), acts as a neurosteroid that participates in the regulation of multiple brain functions. It provides neuroprotection and suppresses oxidative stress, inhibits inflammation and inflammatory mediators, and stimulates various neurotrophins. Calcitriol is involved in many brain-related diseases, including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer´s disease, Parkinson´s disease, and schizophrenia. This review covers the most recent advances in Klotho research and discusses Klotho-dependent roles of calcitriol in neuro-psycho-pathophysiology.

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