scholarly journals La vinculación universidad-empresa-gobierno: una visión histórica y conceptual

ECA Sinergia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gladys Saltos Briones ◽  
Silvia Odriozola Guitart ◽  
Maritza Ortiz Torres

  En el mundo contemporáneo, cada vez con mayor fuerza, el conocimiento se convierte en un elemento fundamental para los procesos de desarrollo, lo cual ha ido transformando el rol de las universidades en sus vínculos con la sociedad. En este contexto, la participación del gobierno, así como del sistema empresarial, se torna igualmente relevante, dando lugar a diversos modelos de vinculación entre todos estos actores. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, el presente trabajo tiene como propósito fundamental la sistematización, desde el punto de vista teórico-metodológico e histórico, de las bases conceptuales para la vinculación universidad-empresa-gobierno, así como de los modelos de vinculación derivados de la experiencia internacional. Ambos tópicos son abordados en los dos apartados que conforman el artículo.   Palabras clave: Vinculación, Universidad, Empresa, Gobierno   ABSTRACT In the contemporary world, knowledge is increasingly becoming a fundamental element for development processes, which has been transforming the role of universities in their links with society. In this context, the participation of the government, as well as of the industry, becomes equally relevant, giving rise to diverse models of linkage between all these actors. Taking into account the above, the present work has as its fundamental purpose the systematization, from the theoretical-methodological and historical point of view, of the conceptual bases for the university-industry-government linkage, as well as of the linking models derived from the international experience. Both topics are addressed in the two sections that make up the article.   Key words: Linkage, University, Industry, Government  

2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 04006
Author(s):  
Artem Artyukhov ◽  
Iurii Volk ◽  
Tetyana Vasylieva ◽  
Serhiy Lyeonov

This article deals with the development of the university activities model to ensure the quality of education and technology transfer (SDG 4) and to create a successful background in achieving SDG 7. We conduct an analysis of the literature on the achievement of SDGs through governmental instruments of influence, as well as the creation of effective university model ensuring the education quality and technology transfer. In addition, we demonstrate the role of the government in financing higher education in Ukraine. We also present the evaluation of the popularity of educational programs related to energy efficiency and a “clean” environment in Ukrainian universities after the adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The indicators of the use of various energy types by Ukraine are assessed, and a comparative analysis of these indicators with the data for EU-28 is performed. Based on the data presented, conclusions are drawn about the need to improve the quality of university training and to activate the university technology transfer. Successful practical approaches that can be of use for different higher education institutions are outlined. A combined model of quality assurance and technology transfer at the university is presented. An algorithm for testing the model and assessing the technological level of readiness for implementation is developed. The presented chain “combined model – model testing algorithm – determination of the technological level of readiness” is also assessed from the point of view of socio-economic impact on the main stakeholders. The use of the combined model lays background for the university’s own sustainable development as a tool for achieving SDGs.


2020 ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
R. M. Gambarova

Relevance. Grain is the key to strategic products to ensure food security. From this point of view, the creation of large grain farms is a matter for the country's selfsufficiency and it leading to a decrease in financial expense for import. Creation of such farms creates an abundance of productivity from the area and leads to obtaining increased reproductive seeds. The main policy of the government is to minimize dependency from import, create abundance of food and create favorable conditions for export potential.The purpose of the study: the development of grain production in order to ensure food security of the country and strengthen government support for this industry.Methods: comparative analysis, systems approach.Results. As shown in the research, if we pay attention to the activities of private entrepreneurship in the country, we can see result of the implementation of agrarian reforms after which various types of farms have been created in republic.The role of privateentrepreneurshipinthedevelopmentofproduction is great. Тhe article outlines the sowing area, production, productivity, import, export of grain and the level of selfsufficiency in this country from 2015 till 2017.


Educação ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Evandro Coggo Cristofoletti ◽  
Milena Pavan Serafim

The economic and political changes in the world, from the 1970s, changed the political education of the Public Institutions of Higher Education in the world. The direction of these changes was clear: the university approachedthe market and the company and created interaction mechanisms that did not exist. The article therefore reviews the academic literature that interprets the relationship between university and market/company from two perspectives: approaches that positively position of interactions, exposing their motivations, interests and forms of interaction, especially the notions on Knowledge Economy and Entrepreneurial University; approaches that observe this interaction critically and reflectively, exposing the problems of interaction, its negative aspects and the reflection of the true role of the public university from the perspective of Academic Capitalism.


2021 ◽  
pp. 47-104
Author(s):  
Albert Esplugas

This paper presents a critique of intellectual property from an ethical and economical point of view. Once patents and copyrights are characterized as a monopolies of ideas, it is argued that intellectual pro-perty violates private property rights in its original meaning and it is not based in real scarcity but creates artificial scarcity instead. In addition, the paper challenges intellectual property as an incentive to innovation and studies the several costs of this kind of regulation. Eventually, diffe-rent market alternatives to tackle the free-riding problem are explored. Key words: intelectual property, patents, copyrights, private property, scar-city, public good, innovation incentives, market economy. Clasificación JEL: O310, O320, O340, H410. Resumen: En este trabajo se presenta una crítica a la propiedad intelec-tual desde una perspectiva ética y económica. Tras caracterizar las paten-tes y los copyrights como monopolios sobre ideas, se arguye que la pro-piedad intelectual viola el derecho de propiedad privada en su sentido tradicional y crea una escasez artificial en lugar de fundarse sobre la esca-sez. Se cuestiona, asimismo, que la propiedad intelectual suponga un incen-tivo a la creación, estudiando los distintos costes de una regulación de este tipo. Por último se mencionan varias alternativas de mercado para hacer frente a los problemas de free-riding. Palabras clave: propiedad intelectual, patentes, copyrights, propiedad privada, escasez, bien público, incentivos a la innovación, mercado.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Diah Gustina ◽  
Ilham Adbullah ◽  
Sofino Sofino

This study aims to describe: (1) The formulation of the contents of the program of the University of Bengkulu Student Working Period 86 period in Tebat Monok Village 2018 Academic Year; (2) The form of community empowerment carried out as a realization of the 86th period of the University of Bengkulu Student Work Lecture program in Tebat Monok Village 2018 Academic Year; (3) Results of community empowerment carried out through the 86th period of the Bengkulu University Student Work Lecture in Tebat Monok Village 2018 Academic Year; (4) Role of Supervising Lecturers (DPL) in assisting the activities of the 86 Year University of Bengkulu University Real Work Period 2018 in Tebat Monok Village. This study used a qualitative approach to the research subjects of Students of the University of Bengkulu in the 86 86 2018 period in Tebat Monok Village the government of Tebat Monok village as a Lapanga Advisor, and University of Bengkulu P3KKN. Data collection is done by interviewing techniques and documentation. The technique used in data analysis is data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Triangulation is used to explain the validity of the data by using source triangulation, technique triangulation, and time triangulation. The results of the study show: (1) The process of formulating the program content is done by drafting the KKN student work program through the KKN workshop. (2) The form of implementation of community empowerment carried out is training in packaging techniques and product labeling. (3) The results of community empowerment are carried out, namely the fulfillment of the basic needs of the community of Tebat Monok Village in the field of Entrepreneurship. (4) The role of Field Advisors is to carry out their duties and functions in accordance with existing provisions, namely by holding orientation until giving objective values.  Keywords: Community Empowerment, Training, Family Welfare.  


2021 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 05002
Author(s):  
Nurshafiza Ismail ◽  
Nabilla Afzan Abdul Aziz ◽  
Arif Hartono

Recently, university commercialization has drawn growing attention to the role of the university as one of the drivers to local economic growth. Majority universities and other research institutes in Malaysia has established Technology Transfer Offices (TTO) to give support and guidance to the researchers in the bid to commercialize Research and Development (R&D) activities. The issues that are faced by current researchers are progressing and adapting to the role of developing and commercialising products while having lack of business acumen that hinders success in commercialization among the researchers. The objective of this study is to create a research model for commercialization study in universities and developing questionnaire to assess the issue in a holistic view. This study reviews the role of TTO, lists of incentives from the government to the researchers and factors that impedes the researchers’ output to the commercial bench. Contextual factor, Process factors and Organizational factors lead to the successful commercialization in the research institutes. A research model for impediment in commercialization is created and questionnaire for TTO and survey for researchers, are developed to investigate on the impediment factors that hinder success in the research commercialization among universities. The in-house developed instruments are modified based on massive literatures on commercialization to stimulate strategies and improvement of units from Planning to Execution role in the TTO. On another hand, researchers in the university will be able to plan and execute their research that will deliver scientific, technological, cultural and economic developments in addressing industrial, culture and social issues.


Author(s):  
Jorge Sierra Merchán

ResumenEn la discusión sobre las implicaciones éticas de la ingeniería genética, es común establecer una diferencia entre eugenesia negativa y eugenesia positiva. La eugenesia negativa está conformada por procedimientos orientados a corregir defectos genéticos, es decir, a evitar o minimizar la trasmisión de enfermedades hereditarias. La eugenesia positiva consiste en potenciar u optimizar caracteres que se consideran deseables (belleza o inteligencia). Una cosa es reparar, con fines terapéuticos, un error genético y otra cosa es mejorar genéticamente un rasgo que se considera bueno y deseable. En este sentido cabe preguntarse: ¿hay un deber moral de evitar, mediante la ingeniería genética, que los niños nazcan con discapacidades y no se les condene a una vida de desgracia? ¿O hay también un deber moral equivalente de garantizar que los niños posean belleza e inteligencia? El presente texto busca responder ambas cuestiones mediante una evaluación de los argumentos en pro y en contra de la eugenesia desarrollados por Singer y Nussbaum. Sostendré que hay una obligación moral de aplicar la eugenesia negativa, mientras que tal obligación no es extensiva para el caso de la eugenesia positiva. Esto implica que no es posible exigir un presunto derecho a ser desgraciado ni desde el punto de vista de los padres ni desde el punto de vista de los futuros hijos para el caso de la eugenesia negativa, en tanto que para el caso de la eugenesia positiva el derecho a ser desgraciados parece ser más defendible. Palabras clave: Eugenesia, genoma humano, principio preventivo, Singer, Nussbaum**********************************************************Is it possible to claim a alleged right to be disgraced? The “happy world” of eugenicsAbstractIn the discussion about the ethical implications of genetic engineering it is usual to distinguish between negative and positive eugenics. Negative eugenics refers to genetic imperfections correction procedures, which aim to avoid or minimize the transmission of hereditary diseases. Positive eugenics consists in the improvement or optimization of features considered desirable (as beauty or intelligence). One thing is to repair, for therapeutic purposes, a genetic error, and another to genetically improve a feature considered good and desirable. In this sense one could ask if it is a moral duty to avoid, through genetic engineering, impairments in newborns, saving them from an unfortunate life; and if there is also an equivalent moral duty to guarantee that children possess beauty and intelligence. This paper aims to answer both questions through an evaluation of the arguments for and against eugenics proposed by Singer and Nussbaum. I will hold that though there is a moral obligation to apply negative eugenics, this kind of obligation is not present in the case of positive eugenics. This implies that it is not possible to demand a presumed right to be miserable, either from the parent’s or the future children’s point of view, in the case of negative eugenics, although this presumed right to be miserable seems to be more defensible in the case of positive eugenics. Key words: Eugenics, human genome, preventive principle, Singer, Nussbaum.**********************************************************É possível reclamar um alegado direito a ser desgraçado? O “mundo feliz” da eugenesiaResumoNa discussão sobre as implicações éticas da engenharia genética é frequente estabelecer uma diferenciação entre eugenesia negativa e eugenesia positiva. A eugenesia negativa está conformada pelos procedimentos orientados a corrigir defeitos genéticos, ou seja, evitar ou minimizar a transmissão de doenças hereditárias. A eugenesia positiva consiste em potenciar ou aperfeiçoar caracteres que se consideram desejáveis (beleza ou inteligência). Uma coisa é reparar, com fins terapêuticos, um erro genético, e outra coisa é melhorar geneticamente um traço que se considera bom ou desejável, Nesse sentido é possível perguntar: há o dever moral de evitar, mediante a engenharia genética, que as crianças nasçam com incapacidades e não sejam condenados a uma vida de desgraça? Ou há também um dever moral equivalente de que as crianças possuam beleza e inteligência? O presente texto procura responder ambas as questões mediante uma avaliação dos argumentos em prol e em contra da eugenesia desenvolvidos por Singer e Nussbaum. Vou suster que há uma obrigação moral de aplicar a eugenesia negativa, enquanto que tal obrigação não é extensiva para o caso da eugenesia positiva. Isto implica que não é possível exigir um pressuposto direito a ser desgraçado nem desde o ponto de vista dos pais nem desde o ponto de vista dos futuros filhos no caso da eugenesia negativa, em tanto que no caso da eugenesia positiva o direito a ser desgraçados parece ser mais defendível. Palavras chave: Eugenesia, genoma humano, princípio preventivo, Singer, Nussbaum.


2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-53
Author(s):  
Olga Marques ◽  
Amanda Couture-Carron ◽  
Tyler Frederick ◽  
Hannah Scott

Many post-secondary institutions are developing policies and programs aimed at improving responses to sexual assault experienced by students. In some areas, such as Ontario, Canada, the government has mandated post-secondary institutions to do so. However significant these initiatives, they are predicated on the assumption that students trust, and want to engage with, the university following sexual violence. This study explores students’ perceptions of sexual assault policies and services on one mid-size university campus focusing specifically on how trust factors into reporting sexual victimization and using services. Findings show that students believe that sexual assault policies and programs exist, but this does not meanstudents are willing to use such resources or that they even trust that their university has students’ needs and interests at the fore. This paper discusses policy and programmatic considerations for building student trust in their post-secondary institutions to encourage student use of campus support.


Author(s):  
Pablo Estévez Hernández

Resumen: Al cambiar la disposición geopolítica tras 1898, España intenta articular un africanismo que permita justificar y valorar su presencia en las pocas colonias que le quedan en África. Este africanismo representaba una estrategia política que ofrecía una versión humanista de sus intereses en estas colonias, en principio sólo estratégico. El caso de Guinea ofrece una historia donde esta recreación tuvo reveses particulares, al no poder consolidar un origen racial que se pudiera poner en común. Pero, mientras fue cambiando el estatus de la colonia y al adquirir ésta nueva significación económica, la estrategia cambia y es capaz de disolver las anteriormente rígidas diferencias raciales dispuestas en documentos estadísticos. Este ensayo sigue los discursos que desde la antropología y las fuentes gubernamentales se dieron con respecto a la identidad indígena guineana, y a cómo fueron mutando las categorías para dar validez al sentido colonial: desde una categoría negativa y bajo el estereotipo de la “baja disposición al trabajo” a convertirse en seres asimilables y útiles para el propósito de la Nación. Igualmente, se pone énfasis en la confección de un censo colonial (1950) y su retroalimentación con los discursos antropológicos para poder captar la incisiva incursión colonial-administrativa y la re-presentación española en el terreno geopolítico. Palabras clave: Guinea Española, censo, raza, africanismo. Abstract: As the geopolitical disposition changed in 1898, Spain tried to articulate its Africanism as to justify and value its presence in the colonies left in Africa. This Africanism represented a political strategy that gave a humanist version of its own interests in the colonies. The case of Spanish Guinea brings up a story where this recreation have particular setbacks, as it was difficult to put together a common racial background. But, as the colony changed its status and economic significance, the strategy also changed, making it possible to dissolve the prior, rigid, racial differences deployed in statistic documents. This essay follows the discourses made from anthropology and governmental archives on indigenous Guinean identity, and studies how categories were mutating categories as to accept the colonial role of the Nation: from negative categories based on stereotypes of low profile for labor to assimilation and usefulness. The paper in centered on the confection of a colonial census (1950) and its feedback with anthropological discourses as to capture the colonial-administrative incursion and the representation of the Spanish in the geopolitical arena. Key words: Spanish Guinea, census, race, Africanism.


2019 ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
María del Socorro MoraC de Asmat

Pedro Azabache Bustamante (1918-2012) fue un reconocido maestro indigenista, discípulo directo del fundador del movimiento, José Sabogal (1888-1956). Este artículo es una reflexión sobre su vida y obra desde un punto de vista psicobiológico y neuroestético. Palabras clave: Pedro Azabache, Indigenismo, Moche, maestro, personalidad, memoria, tradición, juego neuroestético AbstractPedro Azabache Bustamante (1918-2012) was a renowned Indigenist Master, direct disciple of the founder of the movement, José Sabogal (1888-1956). This article is a collection of thoughts on the life and work of Pedro Azabache from a psychobiological and neurasthenic point of view. Key words: Pedro Azabache, Indigenism, Moche, master, personality, memory, tradition, neuroaesthetics game


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