ARBOLITE FROM LIGHT-WEIGHT CONCRETE

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Аrbermet Matyevav ◽  
Tolkunbek Keneshbek u. ◽  
N Sayitkaziev
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Cement Stone ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Extractive Substances ◽  
Binder Material ◽  
Aggregate Material ◽  
Mineral Binder

Thispaperinvestigates the technology of energy and resource saving materials, involving the use of local raw materials of plant origin as a filler (aggregate) material, and the alkali base composition as a binder material. Fillers(aggregates)have a significant impact on the technological and operational properties, as well as on the process of structure formation of plant-binding composites.The introduction of Portland cement, construction gypsum, ash and structure-forming additives and polymer silicate compositions with plasticizers in a plant-binding composition (PBC) contributes to the enhancement of the strength properties and obtaininga cement-gypsum-alkali binder with improved technical and mechanical characteristics on their basis and properties. To obtain arbolitewith higher strength, thermal characteristics, it is necessary to completely eliminate the influence of extractive substances of organic fillers (aggregate)on the cement stone, increase the adhesion of organic aggregate with a mineral binder material and modifying additives.According to obtained results on the base ofscientific studiesand researchesondeterminationof the composition and properties of arbolitematerials using crushed rice straw, the possibility of developing arbolitewall blocks based on the developed new building technologies has been established.

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS AND INVESTIGATION OF PROPERTIES OF POLYETHERNAFLUYLENEBENZIMIDAZOLES USING REACTION OF NUCLEOPHILIC POLYNITRO-SUBSTITUTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Ruslan M. Kumykov ◽  
Aslan A. Kyarov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Softening Temperature ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
High Oxygen Content ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Composite Polymers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Dipolar Aprotic Solvents

Soluble polyethernaftoylenbenzimidazoles (PENBI) not previously described are obtained by reacting bis (nitronaphthoylenbenzimidazole) arylene with bisphenols using nucleophilic polynitrosubstitution reaction. The synthesis conditions and the influence of the introduced "bridge" flexible ether, dichloroethylene and carbonyl groups between the phenyl cores of the central fragments of macromolecules on the solubility, thermal and strength properties of the synthesized polymers were studied. Improving melting and solubility (PENBI) without a significant effect on the thermal and strength characteristics is achieved by introducing naphthylamide cycles into them, in combination with flexible bridging fragments into macromolecules of target polymers. The initial bis (nitronaphthoylenbenzimidazole) arylenes were obtained on the basis of (3 or 4-nitronaphthalic anhydride) and bis (o-phenylene diamines), which are derivatives of chloral. In this aspect, the bis (o-phenylenediamine) and bis (nitronaphthoylenenbenzimidazole) arylenes synthesized by us are unique, both in terms of availability of raw materials and price. Bis (nitronaphthoylenbenzimidazole) arylenes were obtained by the interaction of two moles (3 or 4-nitronaphthalic anhydride) with one mole of bis (o-phenylenediamine) under conditions of high-temperature catalytic cyclocondensation in organic solvents. All reactions of the synthesis of bis (nitronaphthoylenbenzimidazole) arylene proceeded homogeneously and resulted in well-cyclized dinitro compounds. As a comonomer of bis (nitronaphtho-ylenbenzimidazole) arylenes, bis-phenols containing also flexible “bridge” groups between phenyl nuclei were used in the synthesis of polyethernaphthoylenbenzimidazoles. The synthesis of polyethernaphthoylenebenzimidazoles was carried out by the interaction of bis (3 or 4-nitronaphthylenebenzimidazole) arylenes with bis-phenols under mild conditions in dimethyl sulfoxide or its mixture with toluene at a temperature of 70 ° C for 2 h in an absolutely dry environment.  The obtained composite polymers were well soluble in dipolar aprotic solvents and had a rather wide interval between the temperatures of active destruction and softening temperatures (~ 250-260 ° С). Analysis of the primary thermal characteristics of the obtained polymers showed that they are characterized by relatively high temperatures of destruction (510-550 ºС). Polyethernaphthoylenebenzimidazoles are amorphous: this fact, combined with the presence in the macromolecules of a large number of flexible and “hinged” groups, determine their increased solubility in chlorinated and phenolic solvents. The significant difference between the softening temperature and the temperature of active destruction determines the possibility of their processing into products by injection molding. An analysis of the fire resistance of polymers showed that the highest oxygen index is for polymers, where macromolecules contain more dichloroethylene groups (KI = 62), and the lowest - for polymers with a high oxygen content (OI = 38.3).

scholarly journals Granular Aggregates Based on Finely Dispersed Substandard Raw Materials

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 369
Author(s):  
Valery Lesovik ◽  
Liliya Zagorodnyuk ◽  
Vladislav Ryzhikh ◽  
Ruslan Lesovik ◽  
Roman Fediuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Nonferrous Metallurgy ◽  
Cement Stone ◽  
Quartz Sands ◽  
Ecological Problems ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Characteristics

It is necessary to solve the ecological problems of regions where there is large-tonnage storage of various finely dispersed materials, including technogenic ones. This article presents the results of an investigation into the possible use of substandard dispersed quartz sands to obtain effective granular aggregates, with the purpose of putting them to use in mortars and concrete. The study used standard and original experimental research methods related to the analysis and preparation of raw materials, technological tests, and the study of the properties of finished composites. Investigations were carried out to obtain composite binders in the component composition of which the use of different ratios of Portland cement and substandard quartz sands prepared in a vortex jet mill was envisaged. It was found that the obtained composite binders had high physical and mechanical characteristics, which was due to the high specific surface area and hydration activity. On the basis of composite binders and finely dispersed quartz sands (fineness from ≤0.16 mm to 1 mm), the granulation of mixtures of 36 types of component compositions was performed. The developed compositions of granular aggregates (GAs) showed the possibility of obtaining them with sufficiently high strength values in cement stone. The studies carried out make it possible to recommend finely dispersed substandard and technogenic materials for the production of GAs, which would ensure the economy of binding materials as well as contribute to the reuse of large-tonnage waste of ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy and the chemical and mining industries.

TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HIGH QUALITY RAW MATERIAL OBTAINING FOR PECTIN PRODUCTION

1970 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
I. A. Ilina ◽  
I. A. Machneva ◽  
E. S. Bakun
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Gel Forming Ability

  The article is devoted to the study of the chemical composition, physical and thermal-pfysical characteristics of damp apple pomaces and the identifying patterns of influence of drying temperature the functional composition and gel-forming ability of pectin. The research is aimed at obtaining initial data for the subsequent calculation of the main technological, hydro-mechanical, thermal, structural and economic characteristics of devices for drying the plant raw materials, ensuring the environmental safety and high quality of pectin-containing raw materials, the reducing heat and energy costs. As a result of the study of the thermal characteristics of apple pomaces, the critical points (temperature conductivity – 16.5 x 10-8 m2/s, thermal conductivity – 0.28 W/m K, heat capacity – 1627 j/(kg K)) at a humidity of 56 % are determined, which characterizing the transition from the extraction of weakly bound moisture to the extraction of moisture with strong bonds (colloidal, adsorption). It was found that the pomaces obtained from apples of late ripening have a higher content of solids (21-23 %), soluble pectin and protopectin (2.5-4.5 %). Dried pomaces obtained from apple varieties of late ripening contain up to 25 % pectin, which allow us to recommend them as a source of raw materials for the production of pectin. The optimum modes of preliminary washing of raw materials are offered, allowing to the remove the ballast substances as much as possible. It is established that when the drying temperature increases, the destructive processes are catalyzed: the strength of the pectin jelly and the uronide component and the degree of pectin esterification are reduced. The optimum drying temperature of damp apple pomaces is 80 0C, at which the quality of pectin extracted from the dried raw materials is maintained as much as possible. It is shown that the most effective for the pectin production is a fraction with a particle size of 3-5 mm, which allow us to extract up to 71 % of pectin from raw materials.

scholarly journals Energy and resource saving raw materials for dactyloscopy

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 01017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyubov F. Ikonnikova ◽  
Kseniya V. Ikonnikova ◽  
Ekaterina A. Koltunova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Resource Saving

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Magnesia Binder Based on Natural and Technogenic Raw Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
pp. 181-185
Author(s):  
Elvija Namsone ◽  
Genadijs Sahmenko ◽  
Irina Shvetsova ◽  
Aleksandrs Korjakins
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Experimental Part ◽  
Technogenic Raw Materials ◽  
Caustic Magnesia

Because of low calcination temperature, magnesia binders are attributed as low-CO2 emission materials that can benefit the environment by reducing the energy consumption of building sector. Portland cement in different areas of construction can be replaced by magnesia binder which do not require autoclave treatment for hardening, it has low thermal conductivity and high strength properties. Magnesium-based materials are characterized by decorativeness and ecological compatibility.The experimental part of this research is based on the preparation of magnesia binders by adding raw materials and calcinated products and caustic magnesia. The aim of this study was to obtain low-CO2 emission and eco-friendly material using local dolomite waste materials, comparing physical, mechanical, thermal properties of magnesium binders.

Study of hydrogenation and corrosion of steel equipment and pipelines at the production facilities of H2S -containing hydrocarbon raw materials

2021 ◽  
pp. 170-181
Author(s):  
R. K. Vagapov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Safety And Reliability ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Steel Equipment ◽  
Equipment And Pipelines ◽  
Corrosion Of Steel ◽  
The Impact

The impact of hydrogen sulfide raw materials on steel equipment and pipelines is associated not only with corrosion processes, but also with the hydrogenation of used carbon and low-alloy steels. This can lead to the loss of their strength properties and the subsequent destruction of equipment operated under conditions of increased operating pressures. Such corrosive-mechanical effects associated with the penetration of hydrogen into steel are the most dangerous from the point of view of the safety and reliability of the operation of facilities for the production of hydrocarbon fluids. The effect of H2S on the main types of structural steels was investigated according to the results of autoclave tests. The formation of blistering (blistering) and cracks on the surface of steels due to the effect of hydrogen on the steel was recorded. A study of the phase composition of corrosion products and their possible effect on the processes of corrosion and hydrogenation of steel has been carried out.

scholarly journals Use of Industrial Waste for the Optimization of Ceramic Construction Materials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Galhano ◽  
Pedro Lamas ◽  
Diogo Seixas
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Fine Fraction ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
High Production Rate ◽  
Marble Powder

The massive growth of the ceramic industry and the consequent demand for construction materials worldwide has motivated the search for alternative solutions aimed at reducing the use of mineral / natural resources as the main source of raw materials. One of the strategies frequently adopted by the scientific community is the reuse of industrial waste. It is beneficial not only to reduce the overexploitation of mineral resources but also to reduce the environmental, economic and social impacts resulting from their incorrect disposal/treatment and consequent deposition on land unsuitable or that purpose. Duetoconsiderationssuchasphysico-mechanical characteristics and the high production rate, two different types of industrial waste were selected for this work, ashes resulting from the burning of coal in thermoelectric power plant, commonly known as bottom ash (B), and the Marble Powder (MP). It was intended to test the technological feasibility of the manufacture of ceramic materials produced from clay mixtures containing these two residues. For this purpose, the fine fraction(<63μm)obtained from the sieving of the marbleresidue(MR)and slag(Bf)was used,aswellasacoarsergrainslagfractionrangingfrom63-125μm(Bg). The resulting test samples were subjected to a firing of 950 °C under an oxidizing atmosphere, following a primary drying process. Faced with the standard values, the new ceramic materials obtained from MP have seen their mechanical and porous characteristics decrease and increase, respectively. Atthesametime,althoughtheadditionofBinno way influenced the mechanical characteristics,a significant improvement the porous characteristic was observed. The incorporation of these residues produced a color very close to the original sample material. Keywords: industrial waste, ceramic, construction materials, bottom ash, Marble Powder

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF THE STORAGE CONDITIONS OF RAW MATERIALS ON THE PRESERVATION OF THE PROPERTIES OF THE FUR SEMI-FINISHED PRODUCT

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
Natalya P. Bodryakova
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Biological Factor ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Complex Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Stability

This article deals with the problem of preserving the properties of a semi-finished fur product under the influence of a biological factor during the storage of raw materials. The characteristic features of the biodegradation of untreated rabbit skins during storage at elevated temperature and relative humidity are identified and described. A complex characteristic of a semi-finished fur product developed from raw materials of various degrees of microbiological spoilage is given. The author offers a point scale of assessment dynamics of the processes of destruction of fur raw materials and a point assessment of the organoleptic indicators of the semi-finished product was developed. As a result of comprehensive studies, it was found that the degree of damage to the fur raw materials being processed affects the decrease in the stability of the structure and strength properties of the finished semi-finished product.

scholarly journals Strengthening the pavement bases through the use of stabilizing additives

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Stroev ◽  
Sergey Sizonets ◽  
Vanik Kazaryan
Keyword(s):  
Road Construction ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
High Water ◽  
Base Layer ◽  
Cement Stone ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Residual Deformations ◽  
Positive Properties ◽  
Mineral Binder ◽  
Structural Base

The experience of recent years of road operation shows that one of the ways to reduce the accumulation of residual deformations in the layers of road construction, expressed in rutting, the appearance of a grid of cracks and other types of transverse and longitudinal irregularities, is used in the base layers of pavements reinforced with mineral binders of crushed-stone-gravel-sandy mixtures (HGPS). The strength and deformability of hardened HGPS is determined mainly by the structure and properties of the cement stone, which holds the aggregate grains in place. The structure and properties of reinforced HGHPs depend on: the mineralogical composition, the water-cement ratio, the fineness of the cement, the age, the preparation and hardening conditions, or the addition of additives. With the introduction of additives, you can significantly change the strength and deformability of reinforced HGPS. Currently, stabilizing additives are widely used, the introduction of which allows to provide high water resistance, crack resistance and durability of the structural base layer. At the same time, a reinforced mixture with the use of additives has not only all the positive properties of HGPS on portland cement, but also eliminates its negative sides: low values of compressive strength, tensile strength in bending, and large shrinkage deformations. Based on the above, the introduction of stabilizing additives in fortified HGPS seems to be fruitful. As an additive, the stabilizer «ARMADOR» was used. The additive is a dry bulk mixture based on polymers, salts of alkali and alkaline earth metals. With the introduction of the stabilizer «ARMADOR», the physico-mechanical parameters increase in the composition of the reinforced material. This stabilizer creates strong crystallization and coagulation bonds, the use of which is recommended in conjunction with a mineral binder.

scholarly journals INNOVATIVE PROCESSES OF DEEP AND ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE PROCESSING OF TECHNOGENIC RAW MATERIALS IN THE CONDITIONS OF NEW ECONOMIC CHALLENGES

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-237
Author(s):  
Valentin CHANTURIA ◽  
◽  
Irina SHADRUNOVA ◽  
Olga GORLOVA ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Secondary Products ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Mineral Raw Materials ◽  
The Face ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Technogenic Raw Materials

Innovative processes of deep and complex processing of technogenic raw materials in the context of sustainable development of the mining industry and the economic challenges facing the mining industry should ensure the transition to a circular economy and the maximum use of natural resources. The article reflects the priority scientific and technological research on the involvement of technogenic mineral resources in efficient processing. Presented, developed at ICEMR RAS, including jointly with universities, research and production organizations and enterprises, modern innovative processes of deep and environmentally friendly processing of refractory mineral raw materials of complex material composition (tailings of enrichment of non-ferrous and noble metal ores, poor off-balance ores, slags ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy, sludge of metallurgical production) and hydro-mineral technogenic resources (acidic mineralized bottom-dump waters of mining enterprises of the copper-zinc complex of the Urals, saponite-containing circulating waters of diamond processing factories). Among other things, new directions in the field of selective disintegration of finely dispersed mineral raw materials based on energy effects and deep processing of slags are outlined; increasing the selectivity of enrichment processes; combined processing of technogenic raw materials; resource-saving processing of technogenic and hydro-mineral resources, obtaining secondary products from processing waste. It is shown that in the face of new economic challenges, Russia has sufficient scientific and technological potential in the field of deep and environmentally safe processing of technogenic raw materials in the form of developed and, to varying degrees, tested innovative resource-saving technologies that correspond to the world level, and in a number of technologies are superior to it.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document