scholarly journals SYNTHESIS AND INVESTIGATION OF PROPERTIES OF POLYETHERNAFLUYLENEBENZIMIDAZOLES USING REACTION OF NUCLEOPHILIC POLYNITRO-SUBSTITUTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Ruslan M. Kumykov ◽  
Aslan A. Kyarov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Softening Temperature ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
High Oxygen Content ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Composite Polymers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Dipolar Aprotic Solvents

Soluble polyethernaftoylenbenzimidazoles (PENBI) not previously described are obtained by reacting bis (nitronaphthoylenbenzimidazole) arylene with bisphenols using nucleophilic polynitrosubstitution reaction. The synthesis conditions and the influence of the introduced "bridge" flexible ether, dichloroethylene and carbonyl groups between the phenyl cores of the central fragments of macromolecules on the solubility, thermal and strength properties of the synthesized polymers were studied. Improving melting and solubility (PENBI) without a significant effect on the thermal and strength characteristics is achieved by introducing naphthylamide cycles into them, in combination with flexible bridging fragments into macromolecules of target polymers. The initial bis (nitronaphthoylenbenzimidazole) arylenes were obtained on the basis of (3 or 4-nitronaphthalic anhydride) and bis (o-phenylene diamines), which are derivatives of chloral. In this aspect, the bis (o-phenylenediamine) and bis (nitronaphthoylenenbenzimidazole) arylenes synthesized by us are unique, both in terms of availability of raw materials and price. Bis (nitronaphthoylenbenzimidazole) arylenes were obtained by the interaction of two moles (3 or 4-nitronaphthalic anhydride) with one mole of bis (o-phenylenediamine) under conditions of high-temperature catalytic cyclocondensation in organic solvents. All reactions of the synthesis of bis (nitronaphthoylenbenzimidazole) arylene proceeded homogeneously and resulted in well-cyclized dinitro compounds. As a comonomer of bis (nitronaphtho-ylenbenzimidazole) arylenes, bis-phenols containing also flexible “bridge” groups between phenyl nuclei were used in the synthesis of polyethernaphthoylenbenzimidazoles. The synthesis of polyethernaphthoylenebenzimidazoles was carried out by the interaction of bis (3 or 4-nitronaphthylenebenzimidazole) arylenes with bis-phenols under mild conditions in dimethyl sulfoxide or its mixture with toluene at a temperature of 70 ° C for 2 h in an absolutely dry environment.  The obtained composite polymers were well soluble in dipolar aprotic solvents and had a rather wide interval between the temperatures of active destruction and softening temperatures (~ 250-260 ° С). Analysis of the primary thermal characteristics of the obtained polymers showed that they are characterized by relatively high temperatures of destruction (510-550 ºС). Polyethernaphthoylenebenzimidazoles are amorphous: this fact, combined with the presence in the macromolecules of a large number of flexible and “hinged” groups, determine their increased solubility in chlorinated and phenolic solvents. The significant difference between the softening temperature and the temperature of active destruction determines the possibility of their processing into products by injection molding. An analysis of the fire resistance of polymers showed that the highest oxygen index is for polymers, where macromolecules contain more dichloroethylene groups (KI = 62), and the lowest - for polymers with a high oxygen content (OI = 38.3).

scholarly journals PREPARATION OF NEW POLYETHERPHTHALIMIDES BASED ON CHLORAL DERIVATIVES USING NUCLEOPHILIC POLYNITRO SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
Abdullakh B. Ittiev ◽  
Ruslan M. Kumykov
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Aprotic Solvents ◽  
Substitution Reactions ◽  
High Oxygen Content ◽  
Rate Of Dissolution ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bridging Groups ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Dipolar Aprotic Solvents

Non-previously described new bis (3-nitropthalimide) arylenes activated with two carbonyls and containing flexible “bridging” groups, in particular dichloroethylene and ketones between the phthalimide fragments of the dinitrocompounds were obtained. The reactivity of the dinitrophthalimides used is determined, first of all, by the position of (3 or 4) nitro groups, and not by the nature of the Ar residue; monomers containing nitro groups in position 3 are more reactive than systems containing nitro groups in position 4. The interaction of synthesized bis (nitropthalimide) arylenes containing central dichloroethylene and ketone groups between phthalimide fragments and bis-phenolate derivatives of chloral was carried out. Synthesis of polyetherphthalimides using the process of polynitro substitution was carried out under modified conditions with complete absence of moisture. In general, the reactions of polynitro substitution proceed rapidly under relatively mild conditions; when dipolar aprotic solvents or a mixture of them with toluene are used, relatively high molecular weight polymers are formed. It has been established that the rate of dissolution of monomers is an important factor affecting the reaction rate; this determines the possibility of the formation of relatively high-molecular polymers, even with some deviation from the equimolarity of the monomers. As the general conditions for the synthesis of polyetherphthalimides based on synthesized bis (3-nitropthalimide) arylenes and bis-phenols, the optimal conditions were: reaction temperature -60 °C, reaction time -1 h with equimolar monomer ratio and concentration of each of them 0.25 mol/l. The influence of moisture on the synthesis of polyetherimides using the reaction of nucleophilic polynitro substitution was studied. It is shown that the process in the maximally dry system in the DMSO medium or (DMSO / toluene) leads to the formation of polymers with hr at least 0.63 dl/g. All the polymers obtained are readily soluble in dipolar and aprotic solvents. The structure of all the obtained intermediates and monomers was confirmed by elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy. An analysis of the primary thermal characteristics of the polymers obtained showed that they are characterized by relatively high and near destruction temperatures was found that the largest oxygen index (CI) in polymers, where more macromolecules contain more dichloroethylene fragments, and the lowest CI in polymers with a high oxygen content. It is shown that the polymers obtained have satisfactory deformation-strength characteristics. A feature of synthesized polyetherphthalimides is a significant difference between the temperatures of intensive destruction and softening temperatures, which determines the possibility of their processing into products by injection molding.  

Synthesis and Application of Glyoxalted Polyacrylamide Paper Strengthening Agent

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 1385-1390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Yang Yuan ◽  
Hui Ren Hu ◽  
Yang Bing Wen
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Paper Making ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Dimethyl Ammonium ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Radical Solution ◽  
Diallyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride

The glyoxalted polyacrylamide(GPAM) resins were obtained by cross-linking reaction between glyoxal and cationic polyacrylamide(CPAM) through aqueous solution copolymerization. The based CPAM was synthesized with acrylamide(AM) and diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride(DADMAC) as raw materials by living free radical solution polymerization. Various synthesis conditions were discussed and the optimum conditions for copolymer’s synthesis were as follows: the amount of DADMAC 20%(wt), the charge of the initiator 0.5%(wt), the dosage of chain transfer agent(2-mercaptoethanol) 1.0%(wt), and the charge of crosslinking monomer 9.0%, the dosage of glyoxal 25%(wt), the pH value of the tertiary reaction 7.5-8.0 and the tertiary temperature about 65°C. The structure of the resulting product was characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR. Then the GPAM resins were used in the process of paper-making as wet-end additive, the results showed that the paper sheets can get a significant increase in strength properties from the added novel product.

ARBOLITE FROM LIGHT-WEIGHT CONCRETE

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Аrbermet Matyevav ◽  
Tolkunbek Keneshbek u. ◽  
N Sayitkaziev
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Cement Stone ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Extractive Substances ◽  
Binder Material ◽  
Aggregate Material ◽  
Mineral Binder

Thispaperinvestigates the technology of energy and resource saving materials, involving the use of local raw materials of plant origin as a filler (aggregate) material, and the alkali base composition as a binder material. Fillers(aggregates)have a significant impact on the technological and operational properties, as well as on the process of structure formation of plant-binding composites.The introduction of Portland cement, construction gypsum, ash and structure-forming additives and polymer silicate compositions with plasticizers in a plant-binding composition (PBC) contributes to the enhancement of the strength properties and obtaininga cement-gypsum-alkali binder with improved technical and mechanical characteristics on their basis and properties. To obtain arbolitewith higher strength, thermal characteristics, it is necessary to completely eliminate the influence of extractive substances of organic fillers (aggregate)on the cement stone, increase the adhesion of organic aggregate with a mineral binder material and modifying additives.According to obtained results on the base ofscientific studiesand researchesondeterminationof the composition and properties of arbolitematerials using crushed rice straw, the possibility of developing arbolitewall blocks based on the developed new building technologies has been established.

TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HIGH QUALITY RAW MATERIAL OBTAINING FOR PECTIN PRODUCTION

1970 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
I. A. Ilina ◽  
I. A. Machneva ◽  
E. S. Bakun
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Gel Forming Ability

  The article is devoted to the study of the chemical composition, physical and thermal-pfysical characteristics of damp apple pomaces and the identifying patterns of influence of drying temperature the functional composition and gel-forming ability of pectin. The research is aimed at obtaining initial data for the subsequent calculation of the main technological, hydro-mechanical, thermal, structural and economic characteristics of devices for drying the plant raw materials, ensuring the environmental safety and high quality of pectin-containing raw materials, the reducing heat and energy costs. As a result of the study of the thermal characteristics of apple pomaces, the critical points (temperature conductivity – 16.5 x 10-8 m2/s, thermal conductivity – 0.28 W/m K, heat capacity – 1627 j/(kg K)) at a humidity of 56 % are determined, which characterizing the transition from the extraction of weakly bound moisture to the extraction of moisture with strong bonds (colloidal, adsorption). It was found that the pomaces obtained from apples of late ripening have a higher content of solids (21-23 %), soluble pectin and protopectin (2.5-4.5 %). Dried pomaces obtained from apple varieties of late ripening contain up to 25 % pectin, which allow us to recommend them as a source of raw materials for the production of pectin. The optimum modes of preliminary washing of raw materials are offered, allowing to the remove the ballast substances as much as possible. It is established that when the drying temperature increases, the destructive processes are catalyzed: the strength of the pectin jelly and the uronide component and the degree of pectin esterification are reduced. The optimum drying temperature of damp apple pomaces is 80 0C, at which the quality of pectin extracted from the dried raw materials is maintained as much as possible. It is shown that the most effective for the pectin production is a fraction with a particle size of 3-5 mm, which allow us to extract up to 71 % of pectin from raw materials.

SOME DIRECTIONS IN THE MODIFICATION OF AZOLES

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (443) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Ibrayev M.K., ◽  
◽  
Takibayeva A.T., ◽  
Fazylov S.D., ◽  
Rakhimberlinova Zh.B., ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
13C Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Biologically Active Compounds ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Alkaloid Cytisine ◽  
Azole Ring ◽  
Cyclic Compounds ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Derivatives Of

This article presents studies on the targeted search for new derivatives of azoles, such as benzthiazole, 3,5-dimethylpyrazole, 1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thione, 1,3,4-thiadiazole. The possibility of combining in one molecule of the azole ring with other cyclic compounds: the alkaloid cytisine, morpholine, furan and some arenes has been studied. To obtain new compounds, the reactions of bromination, acylation, and interaction with isothiocyanates were studied. Optimal synthesis conditions were studied for all reactions. It was found that the reaction of 4-bromo-3,5-dimethylpyrazole with isothiocyanates, in contrast to the previously written derivatives of anilines, takes a longer time and requires heating the reaction mixture. The combination of a pirasol fragment with halide substituents often results in an enhanced therapeutic effect. The synthesized 2-bromine-N-(6-rodanbenzo[d]thiazole-2-yl)acetamide, due to the alkylbromide group, is an important synth in the synthesis of new benzthiazole derivatives. Its derivatives combine in one molecule the rest of rhodanbenzthiazole with alkaloid cytisine and biogenic amine morpholine and are potentially biologically active compounds, since the molecule structure contains several pharmacophoric fragments: benzthiazole and alkaloid (amine) heterocycles, rhodane and urea groups. The mechanism of formation of 1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-tyons from hydrazides under action on them by carbon disulfide was studied and assumed. It was shown that dithiocarbamates in acidic medium decompose with the release of hydrogen sulfide and the formation of highly reactive isothiocyanate group. Then, intra-molecular cyclization occurs, with the formation of end products - 1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thions. The structures of the synthesized compounds were studied by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. All synthesized substances are potentially biologically active compounds, since they contain several pharmacophore fragments in their structure.

Оrganic Meat Production of Broiler Chickens Hubbard Redbro Cross

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
The Impact

This article presents the results of studying the impact of housing and feeding conditions on broiler chickens of Hubbard RedBro cross, as well as the quality of products obtained when using floor and cage content, in a farm. It established that when receiving a mixed feed of own production using feed raw materials grown on a farm without the use of pesticides, a statistically significant decrease in potentially dangerous substances for animal health is recorded. Compared with factory feed, it has reduced the content of pesticides by 14 times, and mercury and arsenic by 24 times, cadmium by five times, and lead by ten times. The results of the study of economic indicators of growing Hubbard RedBro cross broiler chickens, as well as the chemical composition and quality of carcasses, indicated that there was no significant difference between the floor and cell conditions of keeping. Still, the use of a diet based on eco-feeds contributed to a statistically significant decrease in the concentration of toxic metals in the muscles of the poultry of the experimental groups. As a result, it found that the use of the studied compound feed in the diets of broiler chickens increased the indicators of Biosafety and ensured the production of environmentally safe ("organic") poultry meat products.

scholarly journals 2-Piece Cork Stoppers as Alternative for Valorization of Thin Cork Planks: Analysis by LCA Methodology

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 873
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Flor-Montalvo ◽  
Agustín Sánchez-Toledo Ledesma ◽  
Eduardo Martínez Cámara ◽  
Emilio Jiménez-Macías ◽  
Jorge Luis García-Alcaraz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Lca Methodology ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Thickness ◽  
Cork Stoppers ◽  
Wine Bottle

Natural stoppers are a magnificent closure for the production of aging wines and unique wines, whose application is limited by the availability of raw materials and more specifically of cork sheets of different thickness and quality. The growing demand for quality wine bottle closures leads to the search for alternative stopper production. The two-piece stopper is an alternative since it uses non-usable plates in a conventional way for the production of quality caps. The present study has analyzed the impact of the manufacture of these two-piece stoppers using different methodologies and for different dimensions by developing an LCA (Life Cycle Assessment), concluding that the process phases of the plate, its boiling, and its stabilization, are the phases with the greatest impact. Likewise, it is detected that the impacts in all phases are relatively similar (for one kg of net cork produced), although the volumetric difference between these stoppers represents a significant difference in impacts for each unit produced.

scholarly journals Development of Immunohistochemical Methods for Casein Detection in Meat Products

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Ludmila Kalčáková ◽  
Matej Pospiech ◽  
Bohuslava Tremlová ◽  
Zdeňka Javůrková ◽  
Irina Chernukha
Keyword(s):  
Milk Protein ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Increase Production Efficiency ◽  
Allergenic Potential ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dairy Ingredients ◽  
Immunohistochemical Methods

To increase production efficiency of meat products, milk protein additives are often used. Despite a number of advantages, use of dairy ingredients involves a certain risk, namely the allergenic potential of milk proteins. A number of methods have been developed to detect milk-origin raw materials in foodstuffs, including immunological reference methods. This study presents newly developed immunohistochemical (IHC) methods for casein detection in meat products. Casein was successfully detected directly in meat products where sensitivity was determined at 1.21 and specificity at 0.28. The results obtained from the IHC were compared with the Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) and there was no statistically significant difference between the IHC and ELISA methods (p > 0.05). The correspondence between the methods was 72% in total. The highest correspondence was reached in frankfurters (90%), the lowest in canned pâté (44%).

Reaction Heat of High Alkali Aluminosilicate Glass Batches in Melting Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 852 ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Liang Tian ◽  
Jin Shu Cheng ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Yan Li Shao ◽  
Xiao Li
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Aluminosilicate Glass ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Optimization Scheme ◽  
Reaction Heat ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Carbonate Decomposition ◽  
High Alkali

High alkali aluminosilicate glass batches were prepared by five different raw materials, reaction heat of which in melting process was studied by means of DSC thermal analysis method. The results show that reaction heat of batches in the heating process of 25-1600°C exists a significant difference, and which is among 4396.38 J/g-5311.14 J/g, moreover the least is the batches using petalite, while the most is spodumene. In the whole heating process, 380-800°C is carbonate decomposition stage, which accounts for 42-46% of the total absorbed heat; and 800-1200°C is silicate reaction stage, 40-50%; and 1200-1600°C is glass clarify and homogenization phase , 6%-16%. Therefore, carbonate decomposition and silicate reaction is the main part of batches heat consumption, the optimization scheme for materials has a significant effect on energy saving and emission reduction.

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Magnesia Binder Based on Natural and Technogenic Raw Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
pp. 181-185
Author(s):  
Elvija Namsone ◽  
Genadijs Sahmenko ◽  
Irina Shvetsova ◽  
Aleksandrs Korjakins
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Experimental Part ◽  
Technogenic Raw Materials ◽  
Caustic Magnesia

Because of low calcination temperature, magnesia binders are attributed as low-CO2 emission materials that can benefit the environment by reducing the energy consumption of building sector. Portland cement in different areas of construction can be replaced by magnesia binder which do not require autoclave treatment for hardening, it has low thermal conductivity and high strength properties. Magnesium-based materials are characterized by decorativeness and ecological compatibility.The experimental part of this research is based on the preparation of magnesia binders by adding raw materials and calcinated products and caustic magnesia. The aim of this study was to obtain low-CO2 emission and eco-friendly material using local dolomite waste materials, comparing physical, mechanical, thermal properties of magnesium binders.

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