scholarly journals Enhancement of Characteristics and Potential Applications of Amylases: A Brief Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-35 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Engineering ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Plant Products ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Storage Carbohydrate ◽  
High Fructose ◽  
Potential Applications

Starch is the major storage carbohydrate of plant products. Amylases are the group of enzymes hydrolyzes starch and related polymers to smaller oligosaccharides and less amount of monosaccharide. Microbes are the major sources of amylases, exploited for large scale production in different industries. Recently, protein engineering has been applied to improve the structural and physicochemical properties of the enzyme for its potential applications. Amylases are mostly used for liquefaction of starch in the purpose of glucose, maltose, and high fructose containing syrup preparation, malto-oligosaccharides production, desizing, production of bio-fuel, detergent preparation, waste management, and preparation of digestive aids.

scholarly journals Foaming of rhamnolipids fermentation: impact factors and fermentation strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijin Gong ◽  
Ge Yang ◽  
Chengchuan Che ◽  
Jinfeng Liu ◽  
Meiru Si ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Foaming Behavior ◽  
Production Strategies ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
And Control

AbstractRhamnolipids have recently attracted considerable attentions because of their excellent biosurfactant performance and potential applications in agriculture, environment, biomedicine, etc., but severe foaming causes the high cost of production, restraining their commercial production and applications. To reduce or eliminate the foaming, numerous explorations have been focused on foaming factors and fermentation strategies, but a systematic summary and discussion are still lacking. Additionally, although these studies have not broken through the bottleneck of foaming, they are conducive to understanding the foaming mechanism and developing more effective rhamnolipids production strategies. Therefore, this review focuses on the effects of fermentation components and control conditions on foaming behavior and fermentation strategies responded to the severe foaming in rhamnolipids fermentation and systematically summarizes 6 impact factors and 9 fermentation strategies. Furthermore, the potentialities of 9 fermentation strategies for large-scale production are discussed and some further strategies are suggested. We hope this review can further facilitate the understanding of foaming factors and fermentation strategies as well as conducive to developing the more effective large-scale production strategies to accelerate the commercial production process of rhamnolipids.

A Simple and Effective Method for the Preparation of Porous Graphene Nanosheets

2015 ◽  
Vol 719-720 ◽  
pp. 123-126
Author(s):  
Jin Sun ◽  
Qing Zhong Xue ◽  
Yong Gang Du ◽  
Fu Jun Xia ◽  
Qi Kai Guo
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Graphene Nanosheets ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Green Method ◽  
Porous Graphene ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
One Step ◽  
Autogenous Pressure ◽  
The One

Porous graphene is a collection of graphene-related materials which exhibits properties distinct from those of graphene, and it has widespread potential applications in various fields. Several approaches have been developed to produce porous graphene. However, the large-scale production of porous graphene nanosheets still remains a great challenge. Moreover, the costs of some methods are prohibitive for its commercial production and the processes are too complicated and time-consuming. In this work, we propose a simple and green method by which graphene nanosheets can be etched by sodium hydroxide under autogenous pressure at 180 °C. The morphologies and surface elements of the porous graphene nanosheets and sizes of pores were characterized. It is demonstrated that the one-step etching of graphene nanosheets is an effective method to obtain large-scale porous graphene nanosheets with high and uniform porosity. The pores in the porous graphene nanosheets were 6 nm depth (the same as the thickness of the graphene nanosheets) and 30-50 nm width.

scholarly journals Scale-up of Electrospinning: Market Overview of Products and Devices for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Purposes

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
Safaa Omer ◽  
László Forgách ◽  
Romána Zelkó ◽  
István Sebe
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hybrid Methods ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Potential Applications

Recently, the electrospinning (ES) process has been extensively studied due to its potential applications in various fields, particularly pharmaceutical and biomedical purposes. The production rate using typical ES technology is usually around 0.01–1 g/h, which is lower than pharmaceutical industry production requirements. Therefore, different companies have worked to develop electrospinning equipment, technological solutions, and electrospun materials into large-scale production. Different approaches have been explored to scale-up the production mainly by increasing the nanofiber jet through multiple needles, free-surface technologies, and hybrid methods that use an additional energy source. Among them, needleless and centrifugal methods have gained the most attention and applications. Besides, the production rate reached (450 g/h in some cases) makes these methods feasible in the pharmaceutical industry. The present study overviews and compares the most recent ES approaches successfully developed for nanofibers’ large-scale production and accompanying challenges with some examples of applied approaches in drug delivery systems. Besides, various types of commercial products and devices released to the markets have been mentioned.

scholarly journals Production and Potential Applications of Bioconversion of Chitin and Protein-Containing Fishery Byproducts into Prodigiosin: A Review

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2744 ◽  
Author(s):  
San-Lang Wang ◽  
Van Bon Nguyen ◽  
Chien Thang Doan ◽  
Thi Ngoc Tran ◽  
Minh Trung Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽  
Microbial Conversion ◽  
N Sources ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Potential Applications

The technology of microbial conversion provides a potential way to exploit compounds of biotechnological potential. The red pigment prodigiosin (PG) and other PG-like pigments from bacteria, majorly from Serratia marcescens, have been reported as bioactive secondary metabolites that can be used in the broad fields of agriculture, fine chemicals, and pharmacy. Increasing PG productivity by investigating the culture conditions especially the inexpensive carbon and nitrogen (C/N) sources has become an important factor for large-scale production. Investigations into the bioactivities and applications of PG and its related compounds have also been given increased attention. To save production cost, chitin and protein-containing fishery byproducts have recently been investigated as the sole C/N source for the production of PG and chitinolytic/proteolytic enzymes. This strategy provides an environmentally-friendly selection using inexpensive C/N sources to produce a high yield of PG together with chitinolytic and proteolytic enzymes by S. marcescens. The review article will provide effective references for production, bioactivity, and application of S. marcescens PG in various fields such as biocontrol agents and potential pharmaceutical drugs.

scholarly journals Toward Large-Scale Production of Oxidized Graphene

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talia Tene ◽  
Gabriela Tubon Usca ◽  
Marco Guevara ◽  
Raul Molina ◽  
Francesco Veltri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Toxic Gases ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Time Required

The oxidative exfoliation of graphite is a promising approach to the large-scale production of graphene. Conventional oxidation of graphite essentially facilitates the exfoliation process; however, the oxidation procedure releases toxic gases and requires extensive, time-consuming steps of washing and reduction to convert exfoliated graphene oxide (GO) into reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Although toxic gases can be controlled by modifying chemical reactions, filtration, dialysis, and extensive sonication are unfavorable for large-scale production. Here, we report a complete, scalable, and green synthesis of GO, without NaNO3, followed by reduction with citric acid (CA). This approach eliminates the generation of toxic gases, simplifies the washing steps, and reduces the time required to prepare rGO. To validate the proposed method, we present spectroscopical and morphological studies, using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), UV-visible spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is used to analyze the thermal properties of GO and rGO. This eco-friendly method proposes a complete guideline protocol toward large-scale production of oxidized graphene, with potential applications in supercapacitors, fuel cells, composites, batteries, and biosensors.

scholarly journals Cereal- and Fruit-Based Ethiopian Traditional Fermented Alcoholic Beverages

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1781
Author(s):  
Eskindir Getachew Fentie ◽  
Shimelis Admassu Emire ◽  
Hundessa Dessalegn Demsash ◽  
Debebe Worku Dadi ◽  
Jae-Ho Shin
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Microbial Dynamics ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Large Scale Production

Traditional fermented alcoholic beverages are drinks produced locally using indigenous knowledge, and consumed near the vicinity of production. In Ethiopia, preparation and consumption of cereal- and fruit-based traditional fermented alcoholic beverages is very common. Tella, Borde, Shamita, Korefe, Cheka, Tej, Ogol, Booka, and Keribo are among the popular alcoholic beverages in the country. These beverages have equal market share with commercially produced alcoholic beverages. Fermentation of Ethiopian alcoholic beverages is spontaneous, natural and uncontrolled. Consequently, achieving consistent quality in the final product is the major challenge. Yeasts and lactic acid bacteria are the predominate microorganisms encountered during the fermentation of these traditional alcoholic beverages. In this paper, we undertake a review in order to elucidate the physicochemical properties, indigenous processing methods, nutritional values, functional properties, fermenting microorganisms and fermentation microbial dynamics of Ethiopian traditional alcoholic beverages. Further research will be needed in order to move these traditional beverages into large-scale production.

I. S. A. Baud. Forms of Production and Women's Labour: Gender Aspects of Industrialisation in India and Mexico. New Delhi: Sage Publications. 1992. 321 pp.Hardbound. Price: Indian Rs 295.00.

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-131
Author(s):  
Naureen Talha
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Commodity Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Mexican Society ◽  
Small Production

The literature on female labour in Third World countries has become quite extensive. India, being comparatively more advanced industrially, and in view of its size and population, presents a pictures of multiplicity of problems which face the female labour market. However, the author has also included Mexico in this analytical study. It is interesting to see the characteristics of developing industrialisation in two different societies: the Indian society, which is conservative, and the Mexican society, which is progressive. In the first chapter of the book, the author explains that he is not concerned with the process of industrialisation and female labour employed at different levels of work, but that he is interested in forms of production and women's employment in large-scale production, petty commodity production, marginal small production, and self-employment in the informal sector. It is only by analysis of these forms that the picture of females having a lower status is understood in its social and political setting.

An Efficient and Improved Process for the Synthesis of Itopride Hydrochloride and Trimethobenzamide Hydrochloride

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ponnusamy Kannan ◽  
Samuel I.D. Presley ◽  
Pallikondaperumal Shanmugasundaram ◽  
Nagapillai Prakash ◽  
Deivanayagam Easwaramoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Hydrochloride Salt ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Non Ulcer Dyspepsia ◽  
Itopride Hydrochloride ◽  
Yield And Purity

Aim and Objective: Itopride is a prokinetic agent used for treating conditions like non-ulcer dyspepsia. Itopride is administered as its hydrochloride salt. Trimethobenzamide is used for treating nausea and vomiting and administered as its hydrochloride salt. The aim is to develop a novel and environmental friendly method for large-scale production of itopride and trimethobenzamide. Materials and Methods: Itopride and trimethobenzamide can be prepared from a common intermediate 4- (dimethylaminoethoxy) benzyl amine. The intermediate is prepared from one pot synthesis using Phyrdroxybenzaldehye and zinc dust and further reaction of the intermediate with substituted methoxy benzoic acid along with boric acid and PEG gives itopride and trimethobenzamide. Results: The intermediate 4-(dimethylaminoethoxy) benzylamine is prepared by treating p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 2-dimethylaminoethyl chloride. The aldehyde formed is treated with hydroxylamine hydrochloride. The intermediate is confirmed by NMR and the purity is analysed by HPLC. Conclusion: Both itopride and trimethobenzamide were successfully synthesized by this method. The developed method is environmental friendly, economical for large-scale production with good yield and purity.

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