scholarly journals Os efeitos materno-fetais da covid-19 no período gestacional / The maternal-fetal effects of covid-19 in the gestational period

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 19067-19081
Author(s):  
Martilianno Silva Santos ◽  
Anderson Louis Gomes Cavalcante De Freitas ◽  
Telmo Henrique Barbosa De Lima
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Period

Otoconia formation in the chick embryo

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 572-573
Author(s):  
C.D. Fermin ◽  
M. Igarashi
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Intensive Study ◽  
Basic Fuchsin ◽  
Gestational Period ◽  
Sensory Epithelia ◽  
Transmission Electron

Otoconia are microscopic geometric structures that cover the sensory epithelia of the utricle and saccule (gravitational receptors) of mammals, and the lagena macula of birds. The importance of otoconia for maintanance of the body balance is evidenced by the abnormal behavior of species with genetic defects of otolith. Although a few reports have dealt with otoconia formation, some basic questions remain unanswered. The chick embryo is desirable for studying otoconial formation because its inner ear structures are easily accessible, and its gestational period is short (21 days of incubation).The results described here are part of an intensive study intended to examine the morphogenesis of the otoconia in the chick embryo (Gallus- domesticus) inner ear. We used chick embryos from the 4th day of incubation until hatching, and examined the specimens with light (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The embryos were decapitated, and fixed by immersion with 3% cold glutaraldehyde. The ears and their parts were dissected out under the microscope; no decalcification was used. For LM, the ears were embedded in JB-4 plastic, cut serially at 5 micra and stained with 0.2% toluidine blue and 0.1% basic fuchsin in 25% alcohol.

Malnutrition pathway for the impact of in utero drought shock on child growth indicators in rural households

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Olukorede Abiona
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Potential Interaction ◽  
Apparent Effect ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Gestational Period ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Level Reduction

Abstract This paper evaluates the short-term health effects of in utero drought shock using repeated cross-section household data on Malawi. The main finding reveals that the effects of in utero harvest variability caused by rainfall shocks on child growth indices are driven by the deleterious effects of negative rainfall deviations, namely droughts. Negative rainfall deviation during the agricultural season prior to the gestational period of a child leads to a 21.8 per cent average local level reduction in age-standardized height scores, with the counterpart positive rainfall deviation having no apparent effect. The paper also uses harvest and consumption patterns to establish an important link between early-life malnutrition and growth serving as a precursor for the fetal period programming hypothesis in the literature. The direct impact of embryonic period shocks on growth provides supportive evidence on potential interaction between nutritional and environmental pathways.

scholarly journals Increased risk of preeclampsia after use of paracetamol during pregnancy – causal or coincidence?

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hetti von Hellens ◽  
Leea Keski-Nisula ◽  
Heidi Sahlman
Keyword(s):  
Third Trimester ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Reverse Causation ◽  
Gestational Period ◽  
The Third ◽  
Precise Data ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Risk Of Preeclampsia

Abstract Background The maternal use of paracetamol during pregnancy has been associated with the development of preeclampsia. This study aims to clarify whether the connection is causal or whether it is due to reverse causation. Methods This study is a continuation of the retrospective case cohort study examining 2,508 pregnant women using a variety of drugs and the development of preeclampsia (1,252 women with preeclampsia and 1,256 controls). For the purposes of this study, more precise data was collected from several hospital databases of the women among this cohort who had reported taking paracetamol during pregnancy (indications, gestational period etc.); this was evaluated in association with the development of preeclampsia. Results 5.5% (100 cases and 37 controls) of all the study population (2,508) had clearly reported paracetamol use. Women with preeclampsia had used significantly more often paracetamol during pregnancy compared to controls (cases 8.0%, controls 2.9%, p < 0.001). The difference was most evident in the third trimester (after the 29th GW) and the use of paracetamol was associated with both mild and severe preeclampsia. Headache and “general pain” were the most common indications for medication among all paracetamol users. Conclusions The use of paracetamol in the third trimester of pregnancy was associated with preeclampsia. This observation indicates that association between paracetamol use and preeclampsia is probably due to reverse causation, i.e. women with preeclampsia experience more headaches due to preeclampsia symptoms since this association was not detected with the use of paracetamol in earlier stages of pregnancy.

scholarly journals Polyphenols and IUGR Pregnancies: Effects of the Antioxidant Hydroxytyrosol on Brain Neurochemistry and Development in a Porcine Model

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 884
Author(s):  
Natalia Yeste ◽  
Daniel Valent ◽  
Laura Arroyo ◽  
Marta Vázquez-Gómez ◽  
Consolación García-Contreras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Immunohistochemical Study ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
Fetal Period ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Gestational Period ◽  
Hippocampal Ca1 ◽  
Maternal Supplementation ◽  
The Brain

Supplementation of a mother’s diet with antioxidants, such as hydroxytyrosol (HTX), has been proposed to ameliorate the adverse phenotypes of fetuses at risk of intrauterine growth restriction. In the present study, sows were treated daily with or without 1.5 mg of HTX per kilogram of feed from day 35 of pregnancy (at 30% of total gestational period), and individuals were sampled at three different ages: 100-day-old fetuses and 1-month- and 6-month-old piglets. After euthanasia, the brain was removed and the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex were dissected. The profile of the catecholaminergic and serotoninergic neurotransmitters (NTs) was characterized and an immunohistochemical study of the hippocampus was performed. The results indicated that maternal supplementation with HTX during pregnancy affected the NT profile in a brain-area-dependant mode and it modified the process of neuron differentiation in the hippocampal CA1 and GD areas, indicating that cell differentiation occurred more rapidly in the HTX group. These effects were specific to the fetal period, concomitantly with HTX maternal supplementation, since no major differences remained between the control and treated groups in 1-month- and 6-month-old pigs.

MODELING ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN PREGNANT WOMAN AND FETUS

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (03) ◽  
pp. 505-520
Author(s):  
HAI-FENG HUO ◽  
JUN LI ◽  
YU-NING LI
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Pregnant Woman ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Uniform Persistence ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gestational Period ◽  
Potential Impact

Infection caused by antibiotic-resistant pathogens is one of global public health problems. Many factors contribute to the emergence and spread of these pathogens. A model which describes the transmission dynamics of susceptible and resistant bacteria in a pregnant woman and the fetus is presented. Detailed qualitative analysis about positivity, boundedness, global stability and uniform persistence of the model is carried out. Numerical simulation and sensitivity analysis show that antibiotic input has potential impact for neonatal drug resistance. Our results show that the resistant bacteria in baby mainly come from antibiotics which are wrongly-used during gestational period, or foods containing antibiotic residues.

Prenatal and early postnatal fatty acid status and neurodevelopmental outcome

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (s1) ◽  
pp. S28-S34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mijna Hadders-Algra ◽  
Hylco Bouwstra ◽  
Saskia A. van Goor ◽  
D.A. Janneke Dijck-Brouwer ◽  
Frits A.J. Muskiet
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcome ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Gestational Period ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Nutritional Components ◽  
Acid Status ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractThe present review addresses the effect of pre- and postnatal supplementation of nutrition with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) on neurodevelopmental outcome. The few studies which addressed the effect of prenatal LCPUFA status or prenatal LCPUFA supplementation suggest that a better prenatal arachidonic acid (AA) and doxosahexaenoic acid (DHA) status might be related to a better neurodevelopmental outcome until at least 18 months of age. A review of the few randomized controlled trials on formula supplementation with LCPUFA in preterm infants did not provide evidence for a significant beneficial effect of LCPUFA on developmental outcome. A review of the trials on formula supplementation with LCPUFA in term infants revealed that supplementation with LCPUFA, in particularly supplementation with ≥0.30% DHA, has a beneficial effect on neurodevelopmental outcome until 4 months. The studies could not demonstrate a consistent positive effect beyond that age. It was concluded that the relatively subtle effects of LCPUFA supplementation on neurodevelopmental outcome do not only depend on dosage but also on the gestational period during which the nutritional components are supplied: supplementation prior to term seems to have more effect than that after term.

Prematurity and Pseudoprematurity: Studies of the Developmental Age in Underweight Newborns

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 656-656
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
The State ◽  
Gestational Period ◽  
Developmental Age ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Sleeping Habits

The present generally accepted definition of a premature based on weight (a newborn weighing less than 2,500 gm.) has obvious limitations. The authors have pursued an interesting attempt to find physiologic indices of development which may distinguish the state of maturity. A series of neuromotor examinations is correlated with gestational period: visual perception, Moro reflex, manual grasping, prone behavior, swallow reflex, sucking reflex, sleeping habits, and capacity to regulate temperature. A group of 33 infants weighing 1,000 to 2,500 gm. were examined. The maximum of grasping-suck and prone-behavior reflexes appeared to develop simultaneously with the ability to suck, these accomplishments occurring in the thirty-fifth to thirty-seventh fetal week. The authors indicate that the degree of physiologic accomplishment correlates more closely with the gestational period than does the weight. It would seem that these observations should be extended to a much larger group of infants to determine the validity of the employment of physiologic indices rather than weight as a basis for judging maturity.

scholarly journals A reterospective study of maternal and fetal outcome of adolescent pregnancy in Kawthaung province, Myanmar

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soe Htet Aung
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Mothers ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Gestational Period ◽  
Maternal And Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Adolescent Pregnancies ◽  
Retrospective Comparative Study

Objectives : To study maternal and neonatal outcomes of adolescent pregnancies (< 19 years) and to compare the outcomes with pregnant women between 20-34 years.Materials and Methods: This retrospective comparative study was performed in No. (13), Military Hospital (100) Bedded from 1stNovember 2014 to 31st October 2015. The case records of all adolescent mothers who delivered in hospital were retrieved. The major complications and the outcome were compared between adolescent mothers and adults mothers (20 -34 years) who delivered in the same period.Results: During the study period there were 262 deliveries in our hospital, of which 64 (24.4%) were teenage mothers. The mean age of the adolescent mothers was 18.01 (±0.95) and mean gestational period of adolescent mothers was 37.8 weeks (±1.23), comparing to mean age of adult pregnancy was 27.45 (±3.8) and the gestational period was 38.7 weeks (±0.95), Adolescent mothers were significantly higher in inadequate AN visits (18.3% vs. 11.4%), Serology Positive at AN visit (16.7 % vs. 6.4 %), anemia (23% vs. 7.8%), PROM (26.7% vs. 15.1%), eclampsia (15% vs. 6.6%), emergency CS (31.7% vs. 18.7%), poor Apgar score (10% vs. 3 %) and low birth babies (11.6% vs. 3%).Conclusions: Pregnant teenagers are definitely at greater risk, requiring more attention and effective antenatal care for prevention and treatment of anemia, prematurity, IUGR and LBW. To prevent the adverse outcome, steps should be taken to avoid teenage pregnancies by creating public awareness and health education about reproductive health in Kawthaung province.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(4) 2017 p.535-540

scholarly journals Uterine Prolapse in Pregnancy: Two Cases Report and Literature Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyan Zeng ◽  
Feng Yang ◽  
Chunhua Wu ◽  
Junlin Zhu ◽  
Xiaoming Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Uterine Prolapse ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gestational Period ◽  
In Pregnancy

Uterine prolapse complicating pregnancy is rare. Two cases are presented here: one patient had uterine prolapse at both her second and third pregnancy, and the other developed only once prolapse during pregnancy. This report will analyze etiology, clinical characteristics, complication, and treatment of uterine prolapse in pregnancy. Routine gynecologic examination should be carried out during pregnancy. If uterine prolapse occurred, conservative treatment could be used to prolong the gestational period as far as possible. Vaginal delivery is possible, but caesarean section seems a better alternative when prolapsed uterus cannot resolve during childbirth.

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