scholarly journals Applications of Vacuum Measurement Technology in China’s Space Programs

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Detian Li ◽  
Yongjun Wang ◽  
Huzhong Zhang ◽  
Zhenhua Xi ◽  
Gang Li
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
Measurement Technology ◽  
Calibration Standards ◽  
Vacuum Measurement ◽  
Vacuum Technology ◽  
Space Industry ◽  
Space Programs ◽  
Lanzhou Institute ◽  
Standard Gas

The significance of vacuum measurement technology is increasingly prominent in China’s thriving space industry. Lanzhou Institute of Physics (LIP) has been dedicated to the development of payloads and space-related vacuum technology for decades, and widely participated in China’s space programs. In this paper, we present several payloads carried on satellites, spaceships, and space stations; the methodologies of which covered the fields of total and partial pressure measurement, vacuum and pressure leak detection, and standard gas inlet technology. Then, we introduce the corresponding calibration standards developed in LIP, which guaranteed the detection precision of these payloads. This review also provides some suggestions and expectations for the future development and application of vacuum measurement technology in space exploration.

Public-Private Partnership for the Development of Space Sector in the United States and Great Britain

2022 ◽  
pp. 76-87
Author(s):  
V. P. Zavarukhin ◽  
N. D. Frolova ◽  
D. V. Baibulatova
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Space Industry ◽  
Space Activities

The article provides an analysis of modern trends in building public-private partnership (PPP), gives an overview of key studies devoted to this subject in general and PPPs in the field of space activities in particular. The authors analyze the practice of public-private partnerships in the U. S. and Great Britain on the examples of specific mechanisms, their key features, advantages and disadvantages that determine the possibility of their application in different areas of government-business cooperation in the field of space exploration. In order to find possible ways for direct application or adaptation of this experience in Russia for organizing space exploration PPPs the researchers concluded that the level of high-tech production in this country is insufficient and significant administrative barriers for attracting private sector into the space industry are still present.

APPLICATION OF MASS MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE IN CALIBRATION AND CONTROL FOR GAS CYLINDERS

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 1360040
Author(s):  
YI-CHING LIN ◽  
CHIN-FEN TUAN
Keyword(s):  
Mass Measurement ◽  
Mass Difference ◽  
Measurement Technology ◽  
Statistical Control ◽  
Gas Cylinder ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Control ◽  
Measurement And Control ◽  
Gas Cylinders ◽  
Standard Gas

This paper deals with measurement and control of the standard gas cylinder. In CMS (Center of Measurement Standard), the mass measurement technology is used to calibrate the concentration of standard gas cylinders. This measurement method is based on the mass change of gas cylinder before and after filling. By using balance and calculating air buoyancy the mass difference of gas cylinder before and after filling could be obtained. In order to understand stability of the gas cylinder, we use statistical control techniques to monitor the change of concentration of the standard gas cylinders, to take immediate measures when the concentration of the standard gas cylinders is changed.

scholarly journals Pharmaceutical Solutions for Deep Space Travel and Colonization: Background, Challenges, and Possibilities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Jabara
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Space Travel ◽  
Deep Space ◽  
Deep Space Exploration ◽  
Space Programs ◽  
Physical And Psychological Health

Manned missions to Mars and other deep space exploration targets are expected to take place in the next 20 years. These missions will involve prolonged crew exposure to the unique space environment, increasing the risk that astronauts will experience additional physical and psychological health conditions beyond those that would be expected through normal aging on Earth. Thus, there is an acute need to develop therapeutic solutions that can withstand the harsh space environment, while maintaining astronaut health and maximizing crew capabilities to foster successful exploration-class missions. This review covers the nuanced and interdisciplinary challenge that is providing safe and effective pharmaceuticals for future deep space missions. First, the limitations of current pharmaceutical solutions are discussed; the impacts of the space environment on human health and chemical compound stability are covered, along with an evaluation of astronaut medication use on similar missions. Second, potential pharmaceutical solutions and concepts are presented for consideration. Future research should prioritize these and other potential innovations to ensure that our space programs are well equipped to maximize crew safety as astronauts explore deep space objectives.

scholarly journals Internet of Things in Space: A Review of Opportunities and Challenges from Satellite-Aided Computing to Digitally-Enhanced Space Living

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 8117
Author(s):  
Jonathan Kua ◽  
Seng W. Loke ◽  
Chetan Arora ◽  
Niroshinie Fernando ◽  
Chathurika Ranaweera
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Survey Paper ◽  
Space Industry ◽  
Look Ahead ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Terrestrial Environments

Recent scientific and technological advancements driven by the Internet of Things (IoT), Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), distributed computing and data communication technologies have opened up a vast range of opportunities in many scientific fields—spanning from fast, reliable and efficient data communication to large-scale cloud/edge computing and intelligent big data analytics. Technological innovations and developments in these areas have also enabled many opportunities in the space industry. The successful Mars landing of NASA’s Perseverance rover on 18 February 2021 represents another giant leap for humankind in space exploration. Emerging research and developments of connectivity and computing technologies in IoT for space/non-terrestrial environments is expected to yield significant benefits in the near future. This survey paper presents a broad overview of the area and provides a look-ahead of the opportunities made possible by IoT and space-based technologies. We first survey the current developments of IoT and space industry, and identify key challenges and opportunities in these areas. We then review the state-of-the-art and discuss future opportunities for IoT developments, deployment and integration to support future endeavors in space exploration.

scholarly journals From planetary to space mining: prospects for sustainable development

2019 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 06015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiy Ursul ◽  
Tatiana Ursul
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Global Stability ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
Sustainable Mining ◽  
Space Industry ◽  
The Future ◽  
Close Cooperation ◽  
Mountain Development

The article considers sustainable mining development as one of the most important problems of achieving global stability as a solution to the contradiction between the growing needs of mankind and the presence of limits of the biosphere in their provision. It is expected that sustainable mountain development will continue in both the planetary and space dimensions, and these processes will unfold in close cooperation. Having joined the space industry, sustainable space mining will contribute to the formation of extraterrestrial basis of the future wide space exploration by mankind.

scholarly journals Numerical Analysis of Smoke Behavior and Detection of Solid Combustible Fire Developed in Manned Exploration Module Based on Exploration Gravity

Fire ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Ter-Ki Hong ◽  
Seul-Hyun Park
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
Fire Detection ◽  
Measurement Technology ◽  
Smoke Detector ◽  
Smoke Particle ◽  
Manned Space ◽  
Detection Characteristics

A fire during manned space exploration can cause serious casualties and disrupt the mission if the initial response is delayed. Therefore, measurement technology that can detect fire in the early stage of ignition is important. There have been a number of works that investigate the smoke behaviors in microgravity as the foundation for a reliable method for sensing a fire during spaceflight. For space missions to the outer planets, however, a strategy of detecting smoke as an indicator of fire should be adjusted to cover the fire scenario that can be greatly affected by changes in gravity (microgravity, lunar, Mars, and Earth gravity). Therefore, as a preliminary study on fire detectors of the manned pressurized module, the present study examined the smoke particle behavior and detection characteristics with respect to changes in gravity using numerical analysis. In particular, the effects of the combination of buoyancy and ventilation flow on the smoke particle movement pattern was investigated to further improve the understanding of the fire detection characteristics of the smoke detector, assuming that a fire occurred in different gravity environments inside the pressurized module. To this end, we modeled the internal shape of Destiny and performed a series of numerical analysis using the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). The findings of this study can provide basic data for the design of a fire detection system for manned space exploration modules.

scholarly journals State and Business Groups in the Space Industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Yunita Permatasari
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Cold War ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
Business Groups ◽  
Private Space ◽  
Space Industry ◽  
Source Data ◽  
World Class

Space exploration is growing from cold war to present. Actors also began to change, not only developed state or developing state, but also industry. Industry offers more economical space exploration, which is driving the industry increasing. However, state remains primary party responsible for ensuring space exploration are peaceful purposes and beneficial to all mankind. Thus, need to analyze how state and business groups relationships in the development of the private space industry? The method to be used in this research is content analysis related to governed interdependence. The analysis will use source data in the form of journals, books, and media information about the development of space industry by the state and business groups that influence it in political economy. From the analysis results know that the pattern of relationship between countries and groups in the development of space industry is interdependence to develop a world class strategic industry. This paper is important in the development of international political economy concept.

scholarly journals Competitiveness of the Russian space industry in the global space services market

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
A. В. Khodykin
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
Space Robotics ◽  
Deep Space ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
National Space ◽  
Commercial Space ◽  
Deep Space Exploration ◽  
Space Industry ◽  
Global Space

The article carries out an analysis of the competitiveness of the Russian space industry in the international space services market according to the following indicators: the volume of budget of national space organizations, the volume of the commercial space exploration market, the number of space launches, positions in manned cosmonautics, production of spacecrafts, deep space exploration, staffing of the space industry and international integration in the space sphere. The paper conducts a SWOT-analysis of the Russian space industry. Its main strengths are: leading positions in manned cosmonautics, leading positions in the number of space launches per year, and extensive experience in space exploration. The greatest concern is caused by: the lack of development of space robotics, insufficient programs for the development of deep space, financial problems and the private sector of Russian cosmonautics, which is in its infancy. The author substantiates the necessity of reforming the Russian space industry.

scholarly journals Competition of the private sector in the domestic space services market as a factor of scientific and technological development

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-53
Author(s):  
Viktor N. Terentyev
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
The State ◽  
Domestic Space ◽  
Order System ◽  
Space Technology ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Space Industry ◽  
Space Programs ◽  
The Government

The subject of the research is the system of economic relations in the processes of functioning of the rocket and space industry that arise between the private sector and the state customer during the implementation of space programs. The purpose of the research is to develop a model of interaction between participants in the domestic market of space services (products). The main problems of the existing state order system in the implementation of domestic space programs are highlighted. The analysis of the activities of space corporations in the international space market for 20002020 is carried out. The concepts of the international and domestic space market are revealed. This study offers a model for the development of economic relations between the private sector involved in the implementation of domestic space programs and the Customer, represented by the government of the Russian Federation. The presented model of interaction between participants of the domestic space technology market is aimed at creating competition in the domestic (domestic) market of space services (products) in contrast to the existing concept of distribution of budget funds allocated for space programs. The proposed mechanism for free investment of private funds in space programs will allow efficient allocation of funding for the development of the rocket and space industry. Public authorities responsible for the development of the rocket and space industry, as well as private and state-owned companies involved in the implementation of major innovative rocket and space projects, form the basis of public-private partnership. The current structure of interaction between research institutes and design bureaus in the implementation of space programs has not generated the desired competition in the domestic space market. The principal position of the proposed model of interaction in the implementation of space programs is the need to have in the domestic market, in addition to the state, customers from the private sector.

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