scholarly journals The association of maternal plant-based diets and the growth of breastfed infants

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-161
Author(s):  
Elnaz Daneshzad ◽  
Maedeh Moradi ◽  
Mohammad R Maracy ◽  
Neil R. Brett ◽  
Nick Bellissimo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Status ◽  
Infant Growth ◽  
Healthy Plant ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Maternal Plant ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breastfed Infants

Background: Studies are needed to further understand how different plant-based dietary patterns of mothers relate to infant growth. Thus, we investigated the association between maternal plant-based diets and infant growth in breastfed infants during the first 4 months of life. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 290 Iranian mothers and infants. Maternal dietary intake was assessed using a 168-question validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Three plant-based diet indices (PDIs) were then created to evaluate dietary intakes. Eighteen food groups were classified in three main categories by scoring method: wholeplant diet, healthy plant diet, and animal and unhealthy plant diet. Results: Participants in the top tertile of unhealthy PDI (uPDI) had a lower intake of potassium,phosphorus, zinc, magnesium, calcium, folate and vitamin C, B1, B2, and B3. The upper tertileof uPDI was associated with stunting at 4-month in infants (uPDI: odds ratio [OR] = 3.27, 95%CI= 1.32, 8.10). There were no significant associations between plant-based diet scores and anthropometric indices, including weight, weight status and head circumference (P > 0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, higher adherence to uPDI may be associated with stuntingamong Iranian infants. Other PDIs were not associated with anthropometric measures. Future studies are needed to further understand the association between plant-based diets and infant growth.

scholarly journals The Australian Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (OzFITS) 2021: Study Design, Methods and Sample Description

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4524
Author(s):  
Najma A. Moumin ◽  
Rebecca K. Golley ◽  
Chelsea E. Mauch ◽  
Maria Makrides ◽  
Tim J. Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
National Study ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Infants And Toddlers ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Breast Milk Substitutes

(1) Background: Caregiver feeding practices during the first two years of a child’s life influence nutrition, growth, and development, as well as long term taste preferences and dietary patterns. Suboptimal feeding practices lead to poorer health outcomes, such as obesity, that persist into adulthood. Although the importance of early life nutrition is well-established, there are no Australia-wide surveys of dietary intakes of children under two years of age. The 2021 Australian Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (OzFITS) aims to fill this gap. This paper describes the methods and study sample of OzFITS 2021. (2) Methods: OzFITS 2021 is a cross-sectional study of children aged 0 to 23.9 months of age and their caregiver across Australia. Data were collected between April 2020 and April 2021. A telephone-based survey was completed with a caregiver to obtain information on child and caregiver characteristics and feeding practices. For exclusively breastfed infants, the number of breastfeeds in a 24 h period was reported. Dietary intakes for mixed fed children were estimated using a one-day food record, with 30% of caregivers completing a second food record on a non-consecutive day. (3) Results: We enrolled 1140 caregiver and child dyads. Of those eligible to complete a food record, 853 (87%) completed the food record. Compared to the Australian population, caregivers were more likely to be university-educated (>75%), married or in a de facto relationship (94%), and have a household income >$100,000/y (60%). (4) Conclusions: OzFITS 2021 is the first national study to examine food and nutrient intake in Australian children aged under 2 years. The study will provide information on breastfeeding rates and duration, use of breast milk substitutes, and timing of solid food introduction. Dietary intake data will allow the comparison of core food groups and discretionary food intake to Australian guidelines and estimate the prevalence of inadequate intake of key nutrients, like iron. Healthcare practitioners and policymakers can use the study findings as a source of evidence to inform the next iteration of infant feeding guidelines.

scholarly journals “I feel like eating rice 24 hours per day, 7 days a week”: A Study of Dietary Diversity Among Asylum Seekers in Norway (OR21-06-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrun Henjum ◽  
Laura Terragni
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Diet ◽  
Adequate Food

Abstract Objectives Poor nutrition and food insecurity is highly prevalent among asylum seekers residing in western countries. Lack of economic resources, unfamiliarity with new foods, and language barriers are some challenges that asylum seekers encounter upon resettlement. Despite the importance of an adequate diet for good health, limited knowledge, exist on food intake and dietary quality among asylum seekers. We described dietary intake and assessed dietary quality among asylum seekers at Norwegian reception centers. Methods In 2017, a cross-sectional study in eight ordinary asylum reception centers in the South Eastern part of Norway were performed and 205 asylum seekers (131 men and 74 women) were included. Dietary intake was assessed by 24-hour dietary recall and dietary diversity score (DDS) calculated according to FAO and FANTA, 2014. In addition, field notes of the asylum seekers thoughts on dietary intake and living condition provided contextual aspects of their nutritional situation. Results Two-third of the asylum seekers had dietary intakes with low quality; they ate from less than five food groups (low DDS). The asylum seekers ate in average two meals per day and one-third ate their first meal after noon. Meals tend to consist of food that was familiar in their country of origin. Women had significantly higher DDS than men with a higher consumption of vegetables and fruits. Asylum seekers residing in Norway for a longer time had a higher dietary diversity, than asylum seekers with a shorter stay. Most asylum seekers told about a reduced dietary intake, few meals and by the end of the month, hunger. They chose the cheapest food, food on sale or food that had expired and chose quantity over quality. The kitchen facilities at the reception centers were inadequate with limited storage place, low quality of the cooking equipment and crowded kitchen. Conclusions The asylum seekers had a monotonous diet with few meals, in contrast to the food abundance that most Norwegian are accustomed to, revealing, the emergence of new groups and new forms of poverty and social exclusion also in rich countries with otherwise good welfare state systems. The situation appear particularly critical given Norway's commitment through the United Nations (UN) International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights to ensure human rights such as the right to adequate food and health. Funding Sources The study was funded by Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway.

Dietary intakes and anthropometric measures of Indigenous Australian women and their infants in the Gomeroi gaaynggal cohort

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 481-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Ashman ◽  
C. E. Collins ◽  
L. J. Weatherall ◽  
L. Keogh ◽  
L. J. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Indigenous Australians ◽  
Breastfeeding Initiation ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Indigenous Australian ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional

Indigenous Australians continue to experience disparities in chronic diseases, many of which have nutrition-related trajectories. Optimal nutrition throughout the lifespan is protective for a number of adverse health outcomes, however little is known about current dietary intakes and related anthropometric outcomes of Indigenous women and their infants. Research is required to identify nutrition issues to target for health promotion activities. The Gomeroi gaaynggal programme is an ongoing, prospective cohort of pregnant Indigenous Australian women and their children. A cross-sectional examination of postnatal dietary intakes and anthropometric outcomes of mothers and children are reported. To date, 73 mother–child dyads have participatedpostpartum. Breastfeeding initiation was 85.9% and median (interquartile range) duration of any breastfeeding was 1.4 (0.5–4.0) months. Infants were introduced to solid foods at 5.0 months (4.0–6.0) and cow’s milk at 12.0 (10.0–13.0) months. At 12 monthspostpartum, 66.7% of women were overweight or obese, 63.7% at 2 years. Compared with recommendations, reported median maternal nutrient intakes from 24-h recall were low in fibre, folate, iodine, calcium, potassium and vitamin D and high in proportions of energy from total and saturated fat. Limitations of this study include a small sample size and incomplete data for the cohort at each time point. Preliminary data from this ongoing cohort of Indigenous Australian women and children suggest that women may need support to optimize nutrient intakes and to attain a healthy body weight for themselves and their children.

scholarly journals Food Groups Intake in Relation to Stunting Among Exceptional Children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyyed Mostafa Nachvak ◽  
Shima Moradi ◽  
Omid Sadeghi ◽  
Ahmad Esmailzadeh ◽  
Roghayeh Mostafai
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dietary Habit ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Exceptional Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
Mentally Retarded Children

Abstract Background Although several studies have examined the link between different food groups intake and stunting among children, no study, to our knowledge, was done on exceptional children. The aim of this study was assessed the association of dietary intake and stunting in Iranian exceptional children.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 470 exceptional children (226 mentally retarded, 182 deaf and 62 blind children), aged 5–15 years. Height was measured using standard tool. Stunting was defined as height-for-age z-score of <-1. A validated dietary habit questionnaire was applied to assess dietary intakes.Results Mean age of children was 10.02 ± 2.04 years. Stunting was prevalent among 50.6% of children. Compared with children in the lowest category of dairy consumption, those in the highest category had lower odds of stunting. This association remained significant even after adjusting for covariates (OR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.29–0.87). In addition, moderate consumption of egg (1–3 time/wk) was inversely associated with stunting either before or after controlling for potential confounders (OR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.21–0.64). Such finding was also seen among mentally retarded children (OR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.16–0.89). No other significant association was seen between intakes of other food groups (including meat, fruits and vegetables) and stunting.Conclusion We found that higher intake of dairy products and egg was associated with lower risk of stunting. However, intakes of other food groups including meat, fruits and vegetables were not significantly related to stunting.

scholarly journals Diet quality, assessed by the Healthy Eating Index-2010, and exercise associated factors of obesity: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-198
Author(s):  
Ismael San Mauro Martin ◽  
Elena Garicano Vilar ◽  
Paula Mendive Dubourdieu ◽  
Victor Paredes Barato ◽  
Cristina Garagarza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Certain weight management methods may be associated with unhealthy dietary intakes, skewing toward certain dietary components and lacking others. Management of weight should not ignore the quality of the diet, as both obesity and poor diet are associated with higher risk of chronic disease. Objective: To conduct a diet quality and exercise scan and observe their repercussion on BMI, in adults from Spain, Portugal, Uruguay and Mexico. Material and methods:An observational retrospective cohort study was designed, with 1181 adults aged 18-65 years. HEI-2010 score was used to assess diet quality. Data on type, days a week and hours/day of exercise, and participant’s anthropometric measures were collected.Results: The mean HEI-2010 score was 65.21. There were no statistically significant differences between HEI-2010 score and BMI [p=0.706], BMI and days of exercise per week [p=0.151], BMI and hours/day of exercise [p=0.590] and BMI and being active [>3 days/week] [p=0.106]. On the contrary, overall exercise influenced BMI significantly [p<0.001]. Conclusions: Dietary patterns may help to prevent weight gain and fight overweight and obesity. This study, however, did not observe associations between the quality of the diet nor specifics of exercise with lower BMIs. The quality of the diet of adults in Spain, Portugal, Uruguay and Mexico fell short of recommendations.

scholarly journals Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire: association with BMI in children aged 3–10 years from Bosnia and Herzegovina

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 3360-3367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razija Spahić ◽  
Nurka Pranjić
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Child Bmi

AbstractObjective:To evaluate differences in children’s eating behaviour in relation to their weight status.Design:Prospective, cross-sectional study. Anthropometric measures were taken and age- and sex-adjusted BMI percentiles and Z-scores were calculated according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations to assess weight status. Parents completed a questionnaire which included demographic data and the Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) to assess eating behaviour.Setting:Tuzla Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina (September 2016–September 2017).Participants:Male and female children aged 3–10 years and one of their parents.Results:The study sample comprised 2500 children; 6·8 % of them were underweight and 14·4 % were overweight, while there were 14·8 % obese children and 64·0 % had normal weight. The factor analysis of CEBQ revealed an eight-factor solution. Significant differences in CEBQ subscale scores were found within BMI categories for all CEBQ subscales except Food Fussiness. On the other hand, child BMI Z-scores showed a linear increase with the ‘food approach’ subscales of the CEBQ, except the Desire to Drink subscale which was excluded from analysis, and a decrease with ‘food avoidant’ subscales.Conclusions:The present study suggests that the CEBQ is valuable for identifying specific eating styles that are associated with weight status and can be seen as important and modifiable determinants implicated in the development and maintenance of overweight/obesity as well as underweight.

scholarly journals Geography Influences Dietary Intake, Physical Activity and Weight Status of Adolescents

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shauna M. Downs ◽  
Shawn N. Fraser ◽  
Kate E. Storey ◽  
Laura E. Forbes ◽  
John C. Spence ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Urban Youth ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviours ◽  
Rural And Urban

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to assess rural and urban differences in the dietary intakes, physical activity levels and weight status of a large sample of Canadian youth in both 2005 and 2008.Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional study of rural and urban adolescents (n=10,023) in Alberta was conducted in both 2005 and 2008 using a web-based survey.Results. There was an overall positive change in nutrient intakes between 2005 and 2008; however, rural residents generally had a poorer nutrient profile than urban residents (P<.001). They consumed less fibre and a greater percent energy from saturated fat. The mean physical activity scores increased among rural youth between 2005 and 2008 (P<.001), while remaining unchanged among urban youth. Residence was significantly related to weight status in 2005 (P=.017), but not in 2008.Conclusion. Although there were small improvements in nutrient intakes from 2005 to 2008, several differences in the lifestyle behaviours of adolescents living in rural and urban areas were found. The results of this study emphasize the importance of making policy and program recommendations to support healthy lifestyle behaviours within the context of the environments in which adolescents live.

Use of Linear Programming to Develop Complementary Feeding Recommendations to Improve Nutrient Adequacy and Dietary Diversity Among Breastfed Children in the Rural Philippines

2021 ◽  
pp. 037957212199812
Author(s):  
Karen Kay Mejos ◽  
Maria Socorro Ignacio ◽  
Rohan Jayasuriya ◽  
Jayashree Arcot
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
Programming Tool

Background: Lack of dietary diversity in complementary feeding contributes to nutrient gaps leading to undernutrition. Food-based strategies have been successfully used to enrich the complementary diets of infants and young children. However, context-specific recommendations based on an objective diet optimization is needed to formulate sound and practical nutritional guidelines. Objectives: The present study aimed to identify problem nutrients in complementary diets and formulate complementary feeding recommendations (CFRs) using linear programming analysis for children aged 6 to 23 months in the rural Philippines. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the municipality of Mercedes, Philippines. Dietary intakes of breastfed children 6 to 8, 9 to 11, and 12 to 23 months of age (n = 297) were assessed using a multipass 24-hour recall method with 7-day food consumption frequency. A linear programming tool was used to identify the recommended nutrient intakes that could not be met within the existing local food patterns and develop CFRs that would best fulfil nutrient adequacy for 11 modelled micronutrients. Results: Problem nutrients in the current diets were iron and calcium in any age-group, zinc for 6 to 8 and 9 to 11 months old, and thiamine and folate for 12 to 23 months old children. Adoption of CFRs with 4 to 5 food groups in the diet would ensure the adequacy of 7 to 8 nutrients, depending on the age-group. Conclusion: Within the boundaries of local dietary patterns, adequacy for most nutrients could be achieved by promoting realistic servings of nutrient-dense foods and food groups. The linear programming results provide an evidence-based strategy in designing interventions to improve the quality of Filipino complementary diets.

The association between lunch composition and obesity in Iranian adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Zahra Akbarzade ◽  
Kurosh Djafarian ◽  
Nasim Saeidifard ◽  
Shabnam Aliakbari Majd ◽  
Nazila Garousi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Principal Component Factor Analysis ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio

Abstract We aimed to assess the dietary composition of lunch meal using a posteriori derived dietary patterns and to determine the association of lunch composition with obesity in a sample of Iranian adults. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 850 men and women in Tehran (aged 20-59 y). Dietary intakes were assessed using three 24-h dietary recalls, and dietary patterns were identified via principal component factor analysis. For each identified pattern, scores were calculated for each participant and then classified into tertiles. Central obesity was defined WHO criteria. General obesity was defined as a body mass index of more than 30 kg/m2. Three major dietary patterns were identified at lunch meal using 12 food groups: “Bread, grains and fat”, “Western”, and “Potato and eggs”. After adjustment for potential confounders, participants at the top tertile of the “Bread, grains and fat” dietary pattern had greater odds for a higher waist to hip ratio, compared with those in the lowest tertile (OR, 1.44; 95% CI: 1.01 to 2.07). However, we found no association between ‘Western or ‘“potato and eggs” patterns and waist to hip ratio (OR 0.89, 95% CI: 0.62 to 1.28 and OR 1.16, 95% CI: 0.69 to 1.42, respectively). None of the identified dietary patterns was associated when defining obesity with waist circumference or body mass index. In conclusion, participants had a greater chance of central obesity defined based on waist to hip ratio following a lunchtime pattern with a higher and positive loading factor for “Bread, grains and fat”.

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