TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE MULTIFACTORIAL CHARACTER OF VOICE CHARACTERISTICS IN THE PROBLEMS OF SPEAKER IDENTIFICATION

When testing the most advanced speaker identification systems on specialized databases, their minimum efficiency, estimated by the error probability at the point of intersection of the error curves, is only a few percent. However, many factors are known that affect the variability of the characteristics of the speaker's voice, each of which has its own, different from the others, influence on the results of the speaker's identification by the characteristics of the voice. The complexity of creating and testing speaker identification systems is the need to quantitatively formalize a number of specific factors that affect the characteristics of his voice. The article discusses the proposed method for accounting for a variety of factors affecting the parameters of the characteristics of the speaker's voice, which provides the fundamental possibility of indirectly accounting for their practically unlimited number. According to this method, «atomic» structures are distinguished from speech signals, which depend on the totality of the main factors that affect the speaker's identification process. With this method, all significant factors affecting the characteristics of the voice will be indirectly taken into account at the level of these structures. Subsequent decisions are made on the combinatorial set of a huge number of these «atomic» structures. «Atomic» speech structures are understood as the spectra of any fragments of any vowel sounds allocated in a time window of 20 ms. «Atomic» structures are selected automatically. The proposed method provides a rational consideration of the multifactorial influence of various parameters, since the spectra of these structures are influenced by all the main factors that characterize the individuality of the voice of a particular speaker. The decision on the identity of the voices of the announcers recorded on different phonograms is carried out on the basis of combinatorics of «atomic» spectra of vowel sounds in both phonograms. The method has shown high efficiency in the examination of phonograms of short duration.

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Measuring the Efficiency of Football Clubs Using Data Envelopment Analysis: Empirical Evidence From Spanish Professional Football

SAGE Open ◽

10.1177/2158244021989257 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 215824402198925

Author(s):

Isidoro Guzmán-Raja ◽

Manuela Guzmán-Raja

Keyword(s):

Data Envelopment Analysis ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Sport Performance ◽

Data Envelopment ◽

Professional Football ◽

Efficiency Measure ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Football Clubs ◽

Main Factors ◽

Using Data

Professional football clubs have a special characteristic not shared by other types of companies: their sport performance (on the field) is important, in addition to their financial performance (off the field). The aim of this paper is to calculate an efficiency measure using a model that combines performance (sport and economic) based on data envelopment analysis (DEA). The main factors affecting teams’ efficiency levels are investigated using cluster analysis. For a sample of Spanish football clubs, the findings indicate that clubs achieved a relatively high efficiency level for the period studied, and that the oldest teams with the most assets had the highest efficiency scores. These results could help club managers to improve the performance of their teams.

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Recent Rapid Climate Changes in Antarctic and their Influence on Low Diversity Ecosystems

Papers on Global Change IGBP ◽

10.2478/v10190-010-0002-6 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 17-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Katarzyna J. Chwedorzewska

Keyword(s):

Environmental Variables ◽

Climate Changes ◽

Biological Significance ◽

Global Changes ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Low Diversity ◽

Main Factors ◽

The Antarctic ◽

High Diversity ◽

Temperature Water

ABSTRACTThe geographic position, astronomic factors (e.g. the Earth’s maximum distance from the Sun during winter), ice cover and altitude are the main factors affecting the climate of the Antarctic, which is the coldest place on Earth. Parts of Antarctica are facing the most rapid rates of anthropogenic climate change currently seen on the planet. Climate changes are occurring throughout Antarctica, affecting three major groups of environmental variables of considerable biological significance: temperature, water, UV-B radiation.Low diversity ecosystems are expected to be more vulnerable to global changes than high diversity ecosystems

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Pitting Corrosion of Biomedical Titanium and Titanium Alloys: A Brief Review

Current Nanoscience ◽

10.2174/1573413716999201125221211 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Yu-Wei Cui ◽

Liang-Yu Chen ◽

Xin-Xin Liu

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Pitting Corrosion ◽

Potential Temperature ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Ti Alloys ◽

Pitting Corrosion Resistance ◽

Superior Mechanical Properties ◽

Good Biocompatibility ◽

Main Factors

Abstract:: Thanks to their excellent corrosion resistance, superior mechanical properties and good biocompatibility, titanium (Ti) and Ti alloys are extensively applied in biomedical fields. Pitting corrosion is a critical consideration for the reliability of Ti and Ti alloys used in the human body. Therefore, this article focuses on the pitting corrosion of Ti and Ti alloys, which introduces the growth stages of pitting corrosion and its main influencing factors. Three stages, i.e. (1) breakdown of passive film, (1) metastable pitting, and (3) propagation of pitting, are roughly divided to introduce the pitting corrosion. As reviewed, corrosive environment, applied potential, temperature and alloy compositions are the main factors affecting the pitting corrosion of Ti and Ti alloys. Moreover, the pitting corrosion of different types Ti alloys are also reviewed to correlate the types of Ti alloys and the main factors of pitting corrosion. Roughly speaking, β-type Ti alloys have the best pitting corrosion resistance among the three types of Ti alloys.

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Research on springback characteristic in flexible multi-points 3D stretch-bending process

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part B Journal of Engineering Manufacture ◽

10.1177/09544054211028476 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 095440542110284

Author(s):

Song Gao ◽

Tonggui He ◽

Qihan Li ◽

Yingli Sun ◽

Jicai Liang

Keyword(s):

Simulation Model ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Vertical Direction ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Stretch Bending ◽

Element Simulation ◽

Bending Process ◽

Bending Radius ◽

Aluminum Profiles ◽

Bending Sequence

The problem of springback is one of the most significant factors affecting the forming accuracy for aluminum 3D stretch-bending parts. In order to achieve high-efficiency and high-quality forming of such kind of structural components, the springback behaviors of the AA6082 aluminum profiles are investigated based on the flexible multi-points 3D stretch-bending process (3D FSB). Firstly, a finite element simulation model for the 3D FSB process was developed to analyze the forming procedure and the springback procedure. The forming experiments were carried out for the rectangle-section profile to verify the effectiveness of the simulation model. Secondly, the influence of tension on springback was studied, which include the pre-stretching and the post-stretching. Furthermore, the influences of the bending radius and bending sequence are revealed. The results show that: (1) The numerical model can be used to evaluate the effects of bending radius and process parameters on springback in the 3D FSB process effectively. (2) The pre-stretching has little effect on the horizontal springback reduction, but it plays a prominent role in reducing the springback in the vertical direction. (3) The increase of bending deformation in any direction will lead to an increase of springback in its direction and reduce the springback in the other direction. Besides, it reduces the relative error in both directions simultaneously. This research established a foundation to achieve the precise forming of the 3D stretch-bending parts with closed symmetrical cross-section.

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Enzymatic Process for Cystoseira barbata Valorization: Ethanol Production and Additional By-Products

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9050741 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 741

Author(s):

Doinita-Roxana Cioroiu Tirpan ◽

Ancaelena Eliza Sterpu ◽

Claudia Irina Koncsag ◽

Alina Georgiana Ciufu ◽

Tănase Dobre

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Production ◽

Alcoholic Fermentation ◽

Ethanol Yield ◽

Product Yield ◽

Liquid Ratio ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Cystoseira Barbata ◽

Main Factors ◽

Process Factors

The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential of dried Cystoseira barbata alga for ethanol production through alcoholic fermentation. The influence of the main factors affecting the fermentation are studied in the frame of a 23 factorial experimental plan. The main factors influencing the process are the fermentation temperature (t from 25 °C to 35 °C), the solid to liquid ratio (S/L from 0.040 g/g to 0.080 g/g), and the cellulase ratio (R from 8 U/g d.m to 16 U/g d.m.). The maximum volatile compounds yield of 0.2808 g/g d.m and ethanol yield of 0.0158 g/g d.m were favored by the following experimental conditions: process temperature of 35 °C, solid to liquid ratio of 0.0415, and enzyme ratio of 16 U/g d.m. A statistical model was used to correlate the product yield with the process factors. Additionally, 19 interesting bioactive compounds were found in the enzymatic hydrolysis and alcoholic fermentation broths which seem likely to maintain natural defence mechanisms against diseases and physical disorders.

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The role of serum β-trophin and endostatin in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: Are they correlated?

BMC Women s Health ◽

10.1186/s12905-021-01198-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wei Gong ◽

Aikmu Bilixzi ◽

Xinmei Wang ◽

Yanli Lu ◽

Li Wan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Influencing Factors ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Main Factors

Abstract Background It’s necessary to investigate the serum β-trophin and endostatin (ES) level and its influencing factors in patients with newly diagnosed polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods Newly diagnosed PCOS patients treated in our hospital were selected, and healthy women who took physical examination during the same period as healthy controls. We detected and compared the related serum indicators between two groups, Pearson correlation were conducted to identify the factors associated with β-trophin and ES, and the influencing factors of β-trophin and ES were analyzed by logistic regression. Results A total of 62 PCOS patients and 65 healthy controls were included. The BMI, WHI, LH, FSH, TT, FAI, FBG, FINS, HOMA-IR, TC, TG, LDL, ES in PCOS patients were significantly higher than that of healthy controls, while the SHBG and HDL in PCOS patients were significantly lower than that of healthy controls (all p < 0.05). β-trophin was closely associated with BMI (r = 0.427), WHR (r = 0.504), FBG (r = 0.385), TG (r = 0.405) and LDL (r = 0.302, all p < 0.05), and ES was closely associated with BMI (r = 0.358), WHR (r = 0.421), FBG (r = 0.343), TC (r = 0.319), TG (r = 0.404, all p < 0.05). TG, BMI, WHR and FBG were the main factors affecting the serum β-trophin levels (all p < 0.05). FBG, TC and BMI were the main factors affecting the serum ES levels (all p < 0.05). The TG, β-trophin, ES level in PCOS patients with insulin resistance (IR) were significantly higher than that of those without IR (all p < 0.05). Conclusion Increased β-trophin is closely associated with increased ES in patients with PCOS, which may be the useful indicators for the management of PCOS.

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Analysis of factors affecting IoT-based smart hospital design

Journal of Cloud Computing Advances Systems and Applications ◽

10.1186/s13677-020-00215-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Banu Çalış Uslu ◽

Ertuğ Okay ◽

Erkan Dursun

Keyword(s):

High Efficiency ◽

Health Sector ◽

Transformation Process ◽

Healthcare Management ◽

Hospital System ◽

Intelligent Computing ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Hospital Design ◽

Road Map ◽

Smart Hospital

AbstractCurrently, rapidly developing digital technological innovations affect and change the integrated information management processes of all sectors. The high efficiency of these innovations has inevitably pushed the health sector into a digital transformation process to optimize the technologies and methodologies used to optimize healthcare management systems. In this transformation, the Internet of Things (IoT) technology plays an important role, which enables many devices to connect and work together. IoT allows systems to work together using sensors, connection methods, internet protocols, databases, cloud computing, and analytic as infrastructure. In this respect, it is necessary to establish the necessary technical infrastructure and a suitable environment for the development of smart hospitals. This study points out the optimization factors, challenges, available technologies, and opportunities, as well as the system architecture that come about by employing IoT technology in smart hospital environments. In order to do that, the required technical infrastructure is divided into five layers and the system infrastructure, constraints, and methods needed in each layer are specified, which also includes the smart hospital’s dimensions and extent of intelligent computing and real-time big data analytic. As a result of the study, the deficiencies that may arise in each layer for the smart hospital design model and the factors that should be taken into account to eliminate them are explained. It is expected to provide a road map to managers, system developers, and researchers interested in optimization of the design of the smart hospital system.

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Laboratory Tests on Engineering Properties of Wind-Blown Sand

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.706 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 170-173 ◽

pp. 706-709

Author(s):

Zhao Lin Jia ◽

Shu Wang Yan ◽

Zhi Liang Huo

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Laboratory Tests ◽

Fine Sand ◽

Engineering Properties ◽

Grain Composition ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Compaction Curve ◽

Main Factors ◽

Dry And Wet Conditions ◽

Compaction Properties

By means of laboratory tests and theoretical calculation, the physical, mechanical properties and compaction mechanism of the wind-blown sand are studied to deal with the problem of how to use the wind-blown sand as roadbed materials. It is revealed that water content doesn’t affect the compressibility and the shear strength of the wind-blown sand obviously and the wind-blown sand can be compacted both in dry and wet conditions. The compaction curve of the ordinary fine sand is consistent with that of wind-blown sand and the main factors affecting the compaction properties are the grain composition, water content and compaction work.

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