Review of Policy-Oriented Research on Maternal Mortality

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Dewi Komalasari ◽  
Jane Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Maternal Health Services ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Medical Factors ◽  
Reproductive Health Issue ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Health Rights

<p>Maternal mortality remains an unresolved critical issue. This condition indicates that women’s reproductive health rights has not yet been fulfilled. Maternal mortality occurs due to medical and non-medical factors. Even though a small amount of those deaths still happens due to unpreventable causes, however, most of those deaths could have been prevented and avoided. Government efforts to address the problem of maternal mortality are carried out through various policies that focus on medical factors and through programs aimed at increasing the coverage and quality of maternal health services.  On the other hand, other factors such as social economic and cultural are being neglected. A review of researches on the theme of maternal mortality found various factors that contributed to the causes of maternal mortality such as socio-cultural barriers that limit women’s access to health, ranging from poverty, geography and local culture. Unmet need for contraception in family planning program, adolescence reproductive health issue that still hasn’t been addressed in a serious and comprehensive manner, as well as unsafe abortion are the key underlying causes of maternal mortality.</p>

scholarly journals Maternal Deaths: Do Women still have the Right to Life? A Case Study in Nias Island

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Fotarisman Zaluchu ◽  
Saskia Wieringa ◽  
Bregje De Kok
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Bodily Integrity ◽  
Persistent Problem ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
The Government ◽  
Women’S Reproductive Health ◽  
The Right ◽  
Women's Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Rights

<p>This paper attempts to analyze maternal mortality in Nias Island, North Sumatra, where MMR is relatively higher than in other areas in Indonesia. This paper tries to examine the basic right highlighted in ICPD 1994 PoA. In addition, Corrêa and Petchesky propose that the fulfillment of women’s reproductive health rights must meet four principal elements, those are, bodily integrity, personhood, equality, and diversity. In line with the perspective suggested by Correa and Petchesky, this paper demonstrates the “omission, neglect, or discrimination” of women’s right for reproductive health. Social actors who play important roles in women’s reproductive health assessed in this paper are husbands, mother’s-in-law, TBAs, midwifes, and the government. This research concludes that maternal mortality in Nias and in Indonesia is a persistent problem since the social actors who are supposed to be responsible to prevent maternal mortality fail to do their job well. Instead, they tend to intentionally negate women’s right of reproductive health.</p>

scholarly journals Reproductive and Maternal Health Challenges of Pregnant Women in Ethiopia: An Anthropological Appraisal

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
R. N. Pati
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Health ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Maternal Health Services ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
The Government

A very Poor attention is given to reproductive health issues of pregnant women in rural regions of African countries. Ethiopia is one of the countries in horn of Africa representing highest maternal mortality rate in the continent. The Government of Ethiopia has reformed health policy and program to promote community involvement in maternal health, promotion of emergency obstetric health care, health seeking behavior for optimal utilization of maternal health services by women during pregnancies. The women living in pastoralist and small land holders’ communities are exposed to high risks of reproductive health hazards. Material delays comprising of delay in making the decision for referral, delay in arriving at hospital and delay in receiving appropriate maternal health services are major contributing factors for growing maternal deaths in Ethiopia. The illiteracy of woman, exposure to frequent pregnancies at adolescent age, poor decision making power of women in patriarchal society, poor employment status of women are main predicators of low utilization of maternal services and high ,maternal death in rural regions of the country. This article is based on synthesis of research projects completed by different authors on multiple dimensions of maternal mortality in Ethiopia. The promotion of referral support service and bridging up the referral gaps would address issues of maternal mortality and growing unsafe abortions among young mothers in rural regions of the country. This paper examines critically different socio – cultural barriers that prevent women living in rural area for accessing appropriate utilization of maternal and health services and infrastructure available. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 4, Issue-1: 32-37

Ensuring Reproductive Rights of Women in Nepal: Law and Praxis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-62
Author(s):  
D. N. Parajuli
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Reproductive Rights ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
The Right ◽  
Health Rights

 Reproductive rights are fundamental rights and freedoms relating to reproduction and reproductive health that vary amongst countries around the world, but have a commonality about the protection, preservation and promotion of a woman‘s reproductive health rights. Reproductive rights include the right to autonomy and self-determination , the right of everyone to make free and informed decisions and have full control over their body, sexuality, health, relationships, and if, when and with whom to partner, marry and have children , without any form of discrimination, stigma, coercion or violence. The access and availability of reproductive health services are limited due to geography and other issues, non-availability and refusal of reproductive health services may lead to serious consequences. The State need to ensure accessibility, availability, safe and quality reproductive health services and address the lifecycle needs of women and girls and provide access of every young women and girls to comprehensive sexuality education based on their evolving capacity as their human rights, through its inclusion and proper implementation in school curriculum, community-based awareness program and youth led mass media. It is necessary for strengthening compliance, in a time-bound manner, with international human rights standards that Nepal has ratified that protect, promote, and fulfill the basic human rights and reproductive health rights in Nepal and also need to review standards and conventions that Nepal has had reservations about or those that have been poorly implemented in the country.

Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Perilaku Mahasiswi Kesehatan dalam Akses Informasi Hak Kesehatan Reproduksi pada Perempuan Disabilitas

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-105
Author(s):  
Santy Irene Putri
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Women With Disabilities ◽  
Health Rights

Background: The role of health students in providing information about reproductive health is very important, especially regarding reproductive health rights for women with disabilities. This is crucial to do because women with disabilities are very vulnerable to violence and discrimination, especially in terms of reproductive health. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the influence of knowledge and intention toward behavior of female health students in accessing information on reproductive health rights for women with disabilities. Research Methods: This was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. This study was conducted at the Midwifery Study Program at Tribhuwana Tunggadewi University Malang in October 2020. The sample size was 50 subjects, selected by simple random sampling technique. The dependent variable is the behavior of health female students in accessing information. The independent variables were knowledge and intention in access to information. Data collection using an online questionnaire. The data analysis technique used multiple linear regression. Results: The behavior of health female students in access to information was influenced by knowledge (b= 0.36, CI 95% = 0.12 to 0.60, p= 0.005), and intention in access to information (b= 0.45, CI 95% = 0.10 to 0.80, p= 0.014). Conclusion: Participants with good knowledge and high intention in access to information affect behavior in accessing information.   Keywords:  health students; reproductive health rights; women with disabilities

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Unmet Need of Family Planning Among Married Tharu Women of Dang District, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chet Kant Bhusal ◽  
Sigma Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Strategic Behavior ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Communication Program

Background. Increase in population plays a decisive role in providing universal access to reproductive health; however, there is very limited evidence about the reason of unmet need among marginalized and tribal communities such as Tharus. This study aimed to determine the factors affecting unmet need of family planning among married Tharu women of Dang, Nepal. Methods. Community-based cross-sectional household survey among 650 married Tharu women of age group 15-49 in October 2015 to April 2016 was conducted in Dang district, Nepal. Randomly 3 wards were selected from each Tulsipur municipality, Hekuli Village Development Committee, and Pawan Nagar VDC. Results. The mean age and parity were 30±7.31 and 2±0.69, respectively. Out of 650 women, 47% were using contraceptives. Westoff model was used for calculating total unmet need which is 49%, where unmet need for limiting and spacing was 27% and 22%, respectively. Hence after combining the current users and total unmet need, total demand for family planning was 96%. After adjustment, significant relation was observed between number of living sons ≥ 1 and unmet need of family planning (OR= 0.4; CI=0.2-0.8, p=0.01 ), similarly for women education; lower secondary level (OR=0.3; CI=0.1-0.6, p=0.01) and secondary (OR=0.1; CI=0.03-0.4, p=0.01); husband education, lower secondary level (OR=0.3; CI=0.1-0.6, p=0.01) and secondary (OR=0.4; CI= 0.2-0.9, p=0.04); and husband occupation, wage labor (OR=0.6; CI=0.4-0.99, p=0.05). In addition, having very good knowledge about method was also significantly associated (OR=0.49; CI= 0.2-0.97, p= 0.04). Conclusion. Unmet need of family planning was significantly higher among less than secondary educated women. It is also predisposed by spouse education, partner’s occupation, and number of living sons. This study concerns the need for all stake holders to focus on strategic behavior communication program regarding reproductive health.

scholarly journals Ejercicio de derechos a la salud sexual y reproductiva entre mujeres de 20-29 años en Panamá y factores asociados.[Sexual and reproductive health rights exercise among women aged 20-29 in Panama and associated factors.]

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fermina Chamorro Mojica ◽  
Faride Rodriguez ◽  
Selvis Stocel ◽  
Ruth De León
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Prevención Del Vih ◽  
Conjugal Violence ◽  
Modern Contraceptives ◽  
Professional Care ◽  
Health Rights

<p>Introducción: Los derechos a la salud sexual y reproductiva (DSSR) son básicos, y la capacidad de las mujeres para ejercerlos influye en lograr objetivos de desarrollo. Objetivos: Estimar indicadores de DSSR en mujeres de 20-29 años identificando factores asociados. Métodos: Con datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud Sexual y Reproductiva 2014-2015 se analizaron 1206 casadas/unidas (982 con demanda de planificación familiar, 1082 con hijos, y 978 usuarias de anticonceptivos), midiéndose la violencia conyugal en el último año, conocimiento sobre prevención del VIH, demanda satisfecha con anticonceptivos modernos, atención profesional al parto y autonomía. Se utilizó la regresión logística multivariada para probar asociaciones. Resultados: Padeció violencia conyugal 13.0%, tenía conocimiento sobre prevención del VIH 38.8%, satisfacía su demanda de planificación familiar con métodos modernos 62.0%; recibió atención profesional al parto 81.1%; y mostró autonomía 10.3%. Las oportunidades relativas ajustadas (ORa) de violencia conyugal eran mayores en mujeres que la justificaban ORa=1.92;IC95%:1.09-3.39); el conocimiento sobre prevención del VIH aumentaba con la escolaridad (ORa=1.13;IC95%:1.04-1.22); la satisfacción de la demanda con métodos modernos era menor si justificaban la violencia conyugal (ORa=0.42; IC95%:0.20-0.85) y mayor en aquellas con una mayor percepción de empoderamiento (ORa=2.33;IC95%:1.15-5.00). Las ORa de atención profesional en el último parto disminuyen cuando aumentaba la edad (ORa=0.72;IC95%:0.62-0.84), y era menor si experimentaron matrimonio infantil (ORa=0.43;IC95%:0.19-0.95). Las ORa de mayor autonomía resultaron menores en casadas (ORa=0.22;IC95%:0.10-0.47) y amas de casa (ORa=0.53;IC95%:0.28-0.98). Conclusiones: El ejercicio de DSSR y sus factores asociados constituyen desafíos al diseño de políticas públicas.</p><p>Abstract</p><p>Introduction: Sexual and reproductive health rights (SRHR) are basic, and women capacity to exert them influence achieving development goals. Objectives: Estimate indicators of SRHR in women aged 20-29 years, identifying associated factors. Methods: A total of 1206 married/cohabitant women (908 with need for family planning, 1082 with children and 978 contraceptive users) were analyzed with data from National Sexual and Reproductive Health Survey 2014-2015. It was obtained the proportion of conjugal violence victims in the last year, with knowledge about VIH prevention, family planning needs satisfied by modern contraceptive methods, with professional care at delivery and with autonomy. Multivariate logistic regression was used to test associations. Results: The 13.0% of women suffered conjugal violence, 38.8% had knowledge about HIV prevention, 62.0% used modern contraceptives for satisfying family planning needs, 81.1% received professional care at delivery, and 30.7% made informed decisions about SRH. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for conjugal violence were greater when women justified violence (AOR=1.92;95%CI:1.09-3.39); knowledge about HIV prevention increases with schooling (AOR=1.13;95%CI:1.04-1.22); family planning met with modern contraceptives methods was lower, if they justified violence (AOR=0.42;95%CI 0.20-0.85) and higher in women with a higher empowerment perception (AOR=2.33;95%CI:1.15-5.00). The AOR for professional care at last delivery decrease with increasing age (AOR=0.72;95%CI:0.62-0.84) and was lower if they experienced child marriage (AOR=0.43;95%CI:0.19-0.95). The AOR for autonomy was lower in married women (AOR=0.22;95%CI:0.10-0.47) and housewives (AOR=0.53;95%CI:0.28-0.98). Conclusions: The exert of SRHR and its associated factors challenge public policies design.</p>

scholarly journals Knowledge and Practice on Reproductive Heath Rights among Married Women in Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar Yadav ◽  
Nand Ram Gahatraj ◽  
Dipendra Kumar Yadav ◽  
Sujan Babu Marahatta
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
Health Rights

Reproductive health rights ensure that people are able to have satisfying and safe sex life and that they have the capacity to reproduce with freedom to decide, when and how often to do so. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practices on reproductive health rights among madhesi married women. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 384 madhesi married women of reproductive age in Sarlahi district conducted from July 2014 to December 2014. Data were entry in Epidata software and analyzed by SPSS 20 version. Of the total 384 respondents most of them (39.3%) were of age group 25-35 years from different ethnic groups. Most were simple illiterate (65.6%) and housewife (60.9%) very few of respondents were knowledge about reproductive health rights (37%) and not statistical significant relationship with level of knowledge and level of practice (χ 1 2 =2.036, p=0.154). Level of knowledge was statistically significant relationship with educational level (χ 4 2 = 43.983 p<0.001). Use of FP services have statistically significant relationship with Age group (p<0.001). The level of knowledge and level of practice on RHRs is still very low in Madhesi women. Keywords: Reproductive health rights; Madhesi women; practice

scholarly journals Impact of sensitization programme on reproductive health awareness among adolescent girls residing in a shelter home (Snehalay) Ahmednagar

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Saili U. Jadhav ◽  
Shubhada S. Avachat
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
The Impact

Background: Adolescents comprise one-fifth of India's total population. Knowledge on reproductive health at adolescent age is essential to build their foundation of healthy reproductive practices in the future and to lower the risk of sexually transmitted diseases.Methods: An interventional study was done on 51 adolescent girls at a shelter home (Snehalaya). Informed consent was obtained from the concerned authorities. Data was collected by interview technique with the help of a structured questionnaire prepared by literature search. Response of adolescents was recorded through their answers to the questionnaires. Intervention was done in the form of sensitization lecture with the help of audio visuals and educational posters. The same questionnaire was again interviewed and the impact of intervention was assessed. Statistical analysis of data was done using percentage, proportion and appropriate tests of significance.Results: In our study we found the average age of menarche of the girls to be 12-14 years, but as several of the girls came from unhealthy backgrounds, they had several menstrual problems like dysmenorrhea, irregular menses. Three of the girls had not experienced menses after 14 years of age. After the sensitization lecture, 56% of the girls were able to write the names of the reproductive organs in the female genital tract. 85% of the girls were able to name the hazards of teenage pregnancy. All adolescents need access to quality youth-friendly services provided by clinicians trained to work with this population. Sex education programs should offer accurate, comprehensive information while building skills for negotiating sexual behaviors.Conclusions: Hence from our project we identified the unmet need of awareness regarding reproductive health amongst adolescent girls and we tried to meet those needs by providing sensitization.

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