Sufism Between Asceticism and Jihad: A Conceptual and Historical Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-57
Author(s):  
Junizar . Suratman ◽  
Husnul Fatarib ◽  
Desmadi Saharuddin
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Islamic Movements ◽  
Resistance Movements ◽  
History Of ◽  
Islamic Civilization

In the picture of ordinary people, Sufism teaches Zuhud and distances itself from the world in theory and practice. But this is different from reality. Sufism orders in the archipelago also appeared in the vanguard to fight and repel the invaders. The history of Islamic civilization records a series of resistance movements led by Sheikh Sufism with his followers to fight against the Dutch colonialists. For this to become evident to us, we must examine some of their words and actions: Abu Hamid Al-Ghazali wrote his book (Reviving the Sciences of Religion) during the period of the Crusaders victory over the Levant, and the author remembered everything from the works of hearts and did not remember to write a chapter on jihad. We conducted literature studies and verified and interpreted the descriptions in the literature. With a descriptive analysis, the approach is obtained. The conceptual ambiguity that afflicted Sufism regarding the concepts of jihad and the application of Islamic law" played a major role in the emergence of some analyses that suggest Sufism playing a safe alternative to extremist Islamic movements. Therefore, in this article, we try to answer a complex question, which is the degree of The link between the Sufi orders and the concepts of jihad and the application of Islamic law, and is it possible for the Sufi orders to adopt a form of political violence to implement their goals?

scholarly journals KONTRIBUSI POSITIF ORIENTALISME: KAJIAN ATAS REINHART DOZY (1820-1883 M)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Ghulam Falach
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Islamic History ◽  
Library Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Function ◽  
Islamic Civilization

The main focus of Orientalist thought is nothing but to reconstruct and influence Islamic civilization. Their enthusiasm to activate orientalism is increasingly challenged by the presence of Islam as a religion that has followers of most of the world's population. One of the actions of orientalism towards the Islamic world is to start a research movement on the Qur'an and al-Hadith which are the basis of the law and guidelines of Muslims. Not far from the critics of the Qur'an and al-Hadith, they also deconstructed aspects of the development of science, Islamic law, and even the originality of Islamic history. Some famous orientalism figures, one of them is Reinhart Dozy, a famous orientelism from the Netherlands with the concept of literacy in the history of Islamic civilization in Spain. Even though he received a lot of criticism and appreciation from both orientalists and Muslim thinkers, his literary work has had a great influence on Islamic civilization. The discussion steps of this study are entirely carried out using qualitative research that is library research. To be more useful and function properly, this paper is equipped with an explanation using the method of description, interpretation and analysis of data in each discussion. This is done, none other than to focus the discussion to produce a consistent and comprehensive understanding.

scholarly journals Konsep Talak Menurut Ibnu Qayyim Al-Jauziyyah (Analisis Waktu Dan Jumlah Penjatuhan Talak)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Jamhuri Jamhuri ◽  
Zuhra Zuhra
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationships ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Foster Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right

Talak merupakan hukum yang disyariatkan bagi satu pasangan yang tidak mungkin lagi membina hubungan keluarga dengan baik. Peluang talak ini dapat dipilih oleh suami dengan memperhatikan tata cara dan prosedur yang sesuai dengan hukum Islam. Terdapat beberapa hukum yang ulama tidak padu dan berbeda pendapat, khususnya mengenai konsep talak dilihat dari sisi waktu dan jumlah penjatuhannya. Penelitian ini henda mengkaji pendapat Ibn Qayyim. Masalah yang didalami adalah bagaimana pandangan Ibnu Qayyim al-Jauziyyah terhadap konsep dan pengaruh hukum talak syar’i dilihat dari segi waktu dan jumlah penjatuhan talak, dan bagaimana metode istinbaṭ yang ia gunakan. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian pustaka, data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan cara analisis-deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa menurut Ibn Qayyim al-Jauziyyah, konsep talak secara umum ada dua bentuk, yaitu talak dari segi waktu dan dari segi jumlah. Dari segi waktu, talak dilakukan saat isteri suci dan tidak digauli saat suci tersebut. Pengaruh suami yang menceraikan isteri saat haid dan telah digauli, itu diharamkan dan talak tidak jatuh. Dari segi jumlah, hak talak suami hanya ada tiga. Tiga jumlah hak talak tersebut digunakan secara bertahap, tidak bisa digunakan sekaligus. Pengaruh suami yang menceraikan isteri dengan talak dua atau tiga sekaligus, talak yang jatuh hanya dipandang satu kali. Adapun dalil yang digunakan Ibn Qayyim yaitu QS. al-Ṭalāq ayat 1, QS. al-Baqarah ayat 229, QS. al-Baqarah ayat 230, dan QS. al-Nūr ayat 6. Adapun riwayat hadis di antaranya hadis dari Nafi’ riwayat Abī Dāwud, dari Sa’di bin Ibrahim riwayat Muslim, dari Abdullah bin Ali bin Sa’ib riwayat Abī Dāwud, dan dari Ibn Wahab riwayat HR. Nasā’i. Metode yang digunakan Ibn Qayyim yaitu bayanī dan metode istiṣlāḥī. Talak is a law prescribed to one spouse that is no longer likely to foster family relationships well. The chance of this Talak can be chosen by the husband taking into account the ordinances and procedures according to Islamic law. There are some laws that scholars do not mix and differ, especially regarding the concept of Talak seen from the time and number of the allotment. This study has studied Ibn Qayyim's opinion. The issue in the matter is how Ibn Qayyim al-Jauziyyah's view of the concept and influence of the law is seen in terms of time and the number of a bailout, and how the Istinbaṭ method he used. This research includes the research of libraries, the collected data is analyzed in a descriptive-analysis way. The results showed that according to Ibn Qayyim al-Jauziyyah, the concept of Talak, in general, there are two forms, namely Talak in terms of time and in terms of number. In terms of time, the Talak was performed during the Holy Wife and not in the holy moment. The influence of the husband who divorced the wife during menstruation and has been held, it is haraam and the Talak does not fall. In terms of numbers, the right to the husband is only three. The three total rights of the Board are used gradually, not to be used at once. The influence of the husband who divorced the wife with a two or three talak at once, a talak that fell only considered one time. The evidence that Ibn Qayyim used is QS.  al-Ṭalāq verse 1,  Qs. Al-Baqarah verses 229,  Qs. Al-Baqarah verses 230, and  Qs. Al-Nūr verse 6. The history of Hadith includes hadith from  Nafi ' History of Abī Dāwud,  from Sa'di bin Ibrahim  Muslim history, from Abdullah bin Ali bin Sa'ib  abī dāwud history, and Ibn Wahab narrated by the history of the Christian. The method used Ibn Qayyim was bayanī and the method Istiṣlāḥī. 

History of Photography in Apartheid South Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kylie Thomas
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Black People ◽  
History Of Photography ◽  
Resistance Movements ◽  
Nelson Mandela ◽  
Time Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Visual Record

The beginning of apartheid in 1948 saw the emergence of a generation of photographers whose work would come to define South African photography for the next four decades. Many of the most well-known South African photographers, such as Ernest Cole, Bob Gosani Peter Magubane, and Jürgen Schadeberg, worked for Drum magazine in the 1950s, where their images conveyed the experiences of Black people living in cities in the first years of apartheid. Photographers chronicled the Defiance Campaign, the violence of the police, and the growing resistance movements. At the same time, they took portraits and images of everyday life that provide insight into what it was like to live under apartheid. These kinds of images have increasingly been of interest to researchers and curators who have come to recognize the importance of vernacular photography, street photography, and the work of studio portrait photographers. The Sharpeville Massacre of 1960 marked a turning point in the country’s history and was followed by intensified repression and violence, the banning of opposition political parties, the jailing of political leaders such as Nelson Mandela and Robert Sobukwe, and mass forced removals as neighborhoods were declared “whites only” areas. The Soweto uprisings in June 1976 and the protests that followed across South Africa signaled the beginning of a time of increased violence as the apartheid state sought to crush the resistance movements and thousands of protestors were detained without trial, interrogated, and tortured and several political activists were murdered by the security police. By the 1980s, photography had a clear place in the struggle for freedom in the country and many photographers perceived the camera as a weapon to be used against the state. In 1982, the Afrapix collective was formed by a group of photographers committed to opposing apartheid who went on to produce the most significant visual record of this time. The years immediately before the end of apartheid saw an increase in political violence and between 1990 and 1994 more than 10, 000 people were killed. Photographers who documented this time drew the world’s attention to the bitter struggle in the country. They went on to photograph the jubilation when Mandela was finally released from prison and the first free and fair elections when South Africans of all races were able to vote. Some of the most brilliant photographers of the last century documented the apartheid years, and their work plays a key role in how this time period is remembered and understood.

scholarly journals PERSPEKTIF COULSON TERHADAP RUMUSAN DIALEKTIKA HUKUM ISLAM

Al-Ahkam ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Akhwan Fanani
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Social Facts ◽  
History Of

<p class="IABSSS">Law will always evolve and dialectic with social dynamics. Coulson see that the dynamics of the Islamic law occurs through the efforts of reinterpretation of Islamic sources when there is a gap between theory and practice. With a historical approach, Coulson mapped the development of Islamic law so that he made six dialectic formulation of Islamic law which is an in-depth reading in seeing the historical development of Islamic law. According to Coulson, Islamic law is idealistic and away from social reality. Islamic law is determined by social facts and reduced as a man-made law. Coulson’s propositions departed from empirical studies of the historical development of Islamic law. Coulson formulas can be used to understand further the reality of the development of Islamic law, so Muslims can understand what really happened in the history of Islamic law and scientific perspective. It can be used to perform introspection for Muslims to develop further the Islamic legal thought and in accordance with the existing social development. This paper intends to review critically the ideas of Coulson.</p><p class="IABSSS">***</p><p class="IABSSS">Hukum akan selalu berkembang dan berdialektika dengan dinamika sosialnya. Coulson melihat bahwa dinamika hukum Islam terjadi melalui upaya penafsiran kembali sumber-sumber Islam ketika ada kesenjangan antara teori dengan praktek. Dengan pendekatan historis Coulson memetakan perkembangan hukum Islam sehingga ia membuat enam rumusan dialektika hukum Islam yang merupakan sebuah pembacaan yang mendalam dalam melihat sejarah perkembangan hukum Islam. Menurut Coulson hukum Islam bersifat idealistik dan jauh dari realitas sosial dan apa yang ia inginkan adalah hukum Islam ditentukan oleh fakta-fakta sosial dan direduksi sebagai hukum buatan manusia. Proposisi-proposisi Coulson berangkat dari penelitian empiris mengenai sejarah perkembangan hukum Islam. Rumusan-rumusan Coulson dapat digunakan untuk lebih memahami realitas perkembangan hukum Islam, sehingga umat Islam bisa memahami apa yang sebenarnya terjadi dalam sejarah perkembangan hukum Islam dan perspektif keilmuan. Hal itu bisa dipergunakan untuk melakukan introspeksi bagi umat Islam untuk mengembangkan pemikiran hukum Islam lebih lanjut dan sesuai dengan perkembangan sosial yang ada. Artikel ini bermaksud untuk mereview secara kritis pemikiran Coulson tersebut. </p><p class="IABSSS">***</p><div class="WordSection1"><p class="IAKEY" align="left">Keywords: dialektika, Hukum Islam, <em>conflict</em><em> and tension</em>, <em>ijtihād</em></p></div>

scholarly journals Historiografi Mahar Hafalan Alquran Dalam Pernikahan

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-36
Author(s):  
Ibnu Irawan ◽  
Jayusman Jayusman ◽  
Agus Hermanto
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Interesting Development ◽  
Society Today ◽  
People Today

The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) was easy to give his marriage dowry in keeping with the Qur'an.The history of The Islamic Dowry preserved the Qur'an from its beginning to the present has witnessed an interesting development of the study.The dowry of the qur'an's preservation of the marriage practiced by people today is driven by the lack of conformity with the history that occurred at the time.From previous backgrounds, the author is more studying through a historical approach to discovering developments that have taken place since the beginning of the Qur'an.'The results of this study show that the payment of a dowry from the Qur'an is currently witnessing the development of the meaning of dowry on the one hand, which is actually happening and the bottom now in society today is not limited to concern with the elements of rightsonly women, but increased attention to other aspects as well as the circumstances of the interest of the rightsTherefore, islamic law in its historical review is valid for all time and place. Keywords: RightsWomen: Marriage Dowry: History: Memorizing the Qur'an. 

scholarly journals Analytical Review of Noel James Coulson Book’s A History of Islamic Law

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 168-189
Author(s):  
Dr. Muhammad Ilyas ◽  
Dr. Zainab Ameen
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Legal Reform ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Law System ◽  
Muslim Society ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
History Of

The Western Orientalism movement had resulted in the creation of a large academic asset of Islamic literature. The Orientalists had struggled in two ways; by introducing and editing old Islamic manuscripts, and by commenting on the various aspects of the Prophet’s (PBUH) life and his traditions. Moreover, some Orientalists had worked on the Islamic jurisprudence, too. As   Coulson, have been discussed analytical studies of Islamic jurisprudence,  in this regard his book, “ The History of Islamic Law”, is a sorely needed book; it will substantiate a highly impactful, direly beneficial and effective book; and above all, it is a remarkably well-constructed book. Mr. Coulson’s compact volume is a clear, comprehensive, and authoritative treatment of the genesis and history of Islamic law in theory and practice, and of the central problem of legal reform now confronting Muslim society. Islamic law, the Sharia of medieval Islam, is for Muslims and the comprehensive catalogue of God’s commands and recommendations laid down for the guidance of man… In recent times, with the wholesome adoption by Muslim countries of western legal ideas and institutions, the Sharia has seemingly been all but forsaken and abandoned… Unless the idea of a law system based on religion is to be abandoned entirely… [Coulson] points out, the task for modern Muslims, like that of their medieval predecessors, is once more to ascertain and impose the central ethical criterion norms of Islam upon the functioning’s of their society. N. J. Coulson was a chair of oriental laws at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. In this article the analytical and critical review is discussed.

Dimensi Historis Pendidikan Islam Dinasti Fatimiyyah

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
M. Wahyu Abdi Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Written Text ◽  
History Of ◽  
Negative Role ◽  
Islamic Civilization

Abstract The Fatimid dynasty was an dynasty founded by Ubaidillah al-Mahdi with an understanding of Shia Ismailiyah. This dynasty reached its peak of glory when the center of government moved to the Cairo. By that time, Cairo had become the center of Muslim intellectual and scientific activity in the Islamic world. This paper aims to describe the intellectual and scientific development of Islam during the Fatimid dynasty. The method is used in this research is descriptive analysis with a historical approach. This method is a process of critically examining and analyzing past records and relics in the form of written text. The results of the literary analysis carried out show that there was a role for educational institutions during the Fatimid dynasty. Among these educational institutions are; Mosques, Dar al-Ilm and Dar al-Hikmah Libraries, and al-Azhar University. Educational institutions during the Fatimid dynasty were Shia Isma'iliyyah schools with a system of formal, informal, and non-formal educational institutions. In general, educational institutions during the Fatimid dynasty had a big role in the educational revolution in the world. However, it also plays a negative role in Islamic civilization which aims to spread the Shia madzhab in Islamic life. Keywords: The Fatimid dynast, history of islamic education   Abstrak Dinasti Fatimiyah yang didirikan oleh Ubaidillah al-Mahdi dengan pemahaman Syiah Isma’iliyyah mencapai puncak kegemilangan ketika pusat pemerintahan berpindah ke kota Kairo. Pada saat itulah, Kairo telah menjadi pusat intelektual muslim dan kegiatan ilmiah dunia Islam. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan perkembangan intelektual dan ilmu pengetahuan agama Islam pada masa Dinasti Fatimiyyah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis – deskriptif dengan pendekatan historis. Metode ini merupakan proses menguji dan menganalisa secara kritis rekaman dan peninggalan masa lampau yang berupa teks tertulis. Hasil dari analisis literer yang dilakukan bahwa adanya peran lembaga-lembaga pendidikan yang terdapat pada masa Dinasti Fatimiyyah. Di antara lembaga-lembaga pendidikan tersebut adalah; Masjid, Pepustakaan Dar al-Ilm dan Dar al-Hikmah, Universitas al-Azhar. Lembaga pendidikan di masa dinasti Fatimiyah bermazhab Syi’ah Isma’iliyyah dengan sistem lembaga pendidikan formal, informal, dan non-formal. Secara umum lembaga pendidikan pada masa dinasti Fatimiyah memiliki andil besar dalam revolusi pendidikan di dunia. Tetapi, juga berperan negatif dalam peradaban Islam yang bertujuan untuk menyebarkan mazhab Syi’ah dalam kehidupan Islam. Kata kunci: Dinasti Fatimiyah, Sejarah Pendidikan Islam

scholarly journals سبق الإسلام تأريخيًا وتفوقه في إرساء حقوق الإنسان (دراسة مقارنة بين التشريع الإسلامي والنظم الوضعية)

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Yousif Abdallah Mustafa Abdalrazeq
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Analytic Approach ◽  
Obvious Advantage ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law ◽  
Islamic Civilization

<p>هذه دراسة تدور محاورها حول التشريع الإسلامي والنظم الوضعية. هدفت الدراسة إلى إبراز دور الإسلام التأريخي في إرساء حقوق الإنسان، انتهجت الدراسة المنهج الاستقرائي التحليلي، وتناولت الدراسة الموضوع بالبحث والتحليل معتمدةً في ذلك على التشريع الإسلامي وما جاءت به الحضارة الإسلامية التي سادت العالم، ذلك بأن التشريع الإسلامي إلهي المصدر وصالح لكل زمان ومكان، على عكس النظم الوضعية التي تتحدث عن قضية الساعة، وقد استشهدت الدراسة بمجموعة من أقوال رجال النظم الوضعية مقارنة في موضوع البحث التي ظهر من خلالها تفوق التشريع الإسلامي بصورة واضحة نالت إعجاب واعتراف كثير من العلماء والمفكرين في العالم.</p><p>This study covers Islamic law and positive law, which aims to show the role of Islam in the history of establishing human rights. It employs inductive analytic approach. Hence, it mainly refers to the law of Islam (Islamic tasyri') and what is brought by Islamic civilization leading the world. It is due to the fact that Islamic tasyri’ comes from Allah and is worth of all time and place. On the contrary, the positive law made by man deals with the problems related to time and conditions. This study is supported by legal experts to compare both laws. The finding shows the obvious advantage of Islamic tasyri' rather than other regulation or positive law. Its overwhelming advantage is also confirmed by world legal experts</p>

scholarly journals عروض مختصرة

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (64) ◽  
pp. 222-211
Author(s):  
أسماء حسين ملكاوي
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Islamic Theology ◽  
Islamic Movements ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

اليقيني والظني من الأخبار؛ سجال بين الإمام أبي الحسن الأشعري والمحدثين، حاتم بن عارف العوني، بيروت: الشبكة العربية للأبحاث والنشر، 2011م، 142 صفحة. الخطاب الأشعري؛ مساهمة في دراسة العقل العربي الإسلامي، سعيد بن سعيد العلوي، بيروت: منتدى المعارف، 2010م، 311 صفحة. الوسطية في السُّنة النبوية، عقيلة حسين، بيروت: دار ابن حزم، 2011م، 298 صفحة. مقالات في المرأة المسلمة والمرأة في الغرب، صلاح عبد الرزاق، بيروت: منتدى المعارف، 2010م، 144 صفحة. الإسلام والمرأة، سعيد الأفغاني، دمشق: دار البشائر للطباعة والنشر، 2010م، 144 صفحة. النساء العربيات في العشرينيات حضوراً وهوية، مجموعة من الباحثين، بيروت: مركز دراسات الوحدة العربية، 2010م، 574 صفحة. The Qur'an: Modern Muslim Interpretations, Massimo Campanini, USA: Routledge; 1 edition, 2010, 160 pages. Being Human in Islam: The Impact of the Evolutionary Worldview (Culture and Civilization in the Middle East), Damian Howard, USA: Routledge, 2011, 240 pages. The Relationship of Philosophy to Religion Today, Paolo Diego Bubbio and Philip Andrew Quadrio, UK- Cambridge Scholars Publishing; New edition, 2011, 240 pages. Early Islamic Theology: the Mu`tazilites and Al-ash`ari: Texts and Studies on the Development and History of Kalam (Variorum Collected Studies Series), Richard M. Frank (Author), Dimitri Gutas (Editor), UK: Ashgate Variorum, 2007, 400 pages. Hardship and Deliverance in the Islamic Tradition: Mu'tazilism, Theology and Spirituality in the Writings of Al-Tanukhi, Nouha Khalifa, UK: Tauris Academic Studies, 2010, 304 pages. Isma'ili Modern: Globalization and Identity in a Muslim Community, Jonah Steinberg, The University of North Carolina Press, 2011, 256 pages. Islam and Science: The Intellectual Career of Nizam Al-din Al-nisaburi, Robert G. Morrison, Routledge; 2011, 312 pages. God and Logic in Islam: The Caliphate of Reason, John Walbridge, Cambridge University Press, 2010, 228 pages. Muslim Women of Power: Gender, Politics and Culture in Islam, Clinton Bennett, London: Continuum, 2010, 256 pages. An Islam of Her Own: Reconsidering Religion and Secularism in Women's Islamic Movements, Sherine Hafez, New York: NYU Press, 2011, 208 pages. When Muslim Marriage Fails: Divorce Chronicles and Commentaries, Suzy Ismail, USA: amana publications; First edition, 2010, 136 pages. Women Under Islam: Gender, Justice and the Politics of Islamic Law, by Chris Jones-Pauly and Abir Dajani Tuqan UK: I. B. Tauris, 2011, 232 pages. Citizenship, Faith, and Feminism: Jewish and Muslim Women Reclaim Their Rights Jan Feldman, USA: Brandeis, 2011, 256 pages. للحصول على كامل المقالة مجانا يرجى النّقر على ملف ال PDF  في اعلى يمين الصفحة.

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