scholarly journals FEATURES OF ENDOMETRIAL RESTRUCTURING IN HIV INFECTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 200-204
Author(s):  
Marianna Lytvynenko
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Infected Group ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Minimum Diameter ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

The purpose of our study was to evaluate the features of endometrial restructuring when infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Materials and methods: The study involved sectional material taken from 60 women of reproductive age from 20 to 40 years. Group 1 (30 women) consisted of women who were diagnosed with HIV infection. The control group comprised women (30) without concomitant HIV infection. Results. An average diameter of the endometrial glands (proliferative type) was 8% smaller in HIV infection than in the comparison group. The minimum diameter of the endometrial glands (proliferative type) decreased by 1.73%, the maximum was 5.24% less in the HIV-infected group than in the comparison group. The wall thickness was reduced by 0.5% in HIV infection. The relative volume of the epithelium decreased by 2.4% (proliferative type). There were also significant changes in the structure of the glands and endometrium in secretory phase, as in the proliferative type. Thus, the average diameter of the glands decreased by 5%, the minimum volume of the glands by 5.01%, the maximum by 11.2%, the wall thickness by 1.5%, the relative volume of the epithelium by 9.5%, less in the group HIV-infected than in the comparison group. The thickness of the epithelium increased by 4.5% in the HIV-infected group compared with the comparison group. Conclusion. The study evaluated features of endometrial restructuring in the presence of concomitant HIV infection in women.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF ENDOMETRIUM STRUCTURE IN ALCOHOL-ABUSING HIV-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
M. Lytvynenko
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Minimum Diameter ◽  
Secretory Type

Background. Patients with comorbid pathology occupy leading positions in the practice of a doctor of any specialty especially in patients with HIV. Reproductive system is known to be the gateway for viruses. This fact could explain the severity of changes developing in the female reproductive system infected with HIV, in particular in the endometrium. The purpose of this study was to assess morphological changes in the endometrium caused by the combined effects of HIV infection and chronic alcoholism. Materials and methods: The study included sectional material taken from 60 women of reproductive age (20-40 years). They were all divided into two groups. The first group (30 people) consisted of HIV-positive individuals who, according to a survey of relatives and according to an autopsy (the main symptom is the presence of alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver), alcohol abuse was confirmed. The following parameters were determined: the average diameter of the endometrial glands (proliferative type), the minimum diameter of the endometrial glands (proliferative type), the maximum diameter of the endometrial glands (proliferative type), wall thickness (proliferative type), the relative volume of the epithelium (proliferative type), the average diameter of the glands (secretory type), the minimum diameter of the glands (secretory type), the maximum diameter of the glands (secretory type), the relative volume of the epithelium (secretory type), the thickness of the epithelium. Results. the average diameter of the endometrial glands (proliferative type) decreased from 51.71 ± 2.90 x 10-6 m in the comparison group to 39.42 ± 2.35 x 10-6 m in the HIV-infected group, which was 23.77%. The minimum diameter of the endometrial glands (proliferative type) reduced from 32.47 ± 1.83 x10-6 m to 27.13 ± 1.73x10-6 m (16.45%), the maximum diameter from 72.14 ± 2.21 x10-6 m to 63.84 ± 3.29 x10-6 m (11.5%). the relative volume of the epithelium (proliferative type) decreased by 5.41% (from 54.43 ± 1.79% in the study group to 49.02 ± 2.65% in the control group). The thickness of the uterine wall was also significantly reduced from 15.18 ± 1.60 x10-6 m to 14.52 ± 1.19 x10-6 m, which was 4.35%. The maximum volume of glands (secretory type) changed from 127.98 ± 2.10 x10-6 m to 97.18 ± 3.12 x10-6 m (24%). Changes by 3.6% were also observed when examining the wall thickness (from 13.02 ± 1.36 x10-6 m to 12.55 ± 1.68 x10-6 m). Conclusion. The study evaluated features of endometrial restructuring in alcohol-abusing HIV-infected women.

scholarly journals Morphometric peculiarities of the cervix uteri in immunodeficiency states

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
M.V. Lytvynenko ◽  
V.V. Gargin
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Chronic Alcoholism ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cervix Uteri ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Significant Difference

Enhancing each other’s effects – HIV infection and the changes caused by alcohol abuse, trigger a chain of pathological reactions that sometimes lead to reversible and often irreversible pathological processes in the cervix uteri (CU). Local and general decrease in immunoresistance invariably leads to disturbance of physiological CU microbiome. Given all the above, the aim of our work was to identify pathological changes in CU that occur in HIV-infected women on the background of chronic alcoholism. Section material of 110 women of reproductive age from 20 to 40 years, which were divided into four groups, was studied. After the manufacture of micropreparations, a morphometric study was performed. Significant pathological changes in CU were revealed in HIV-infected women suffering from alcoholism. The maximum thickness of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium (734.23±61.33 x10-6m) was characteristic of a group of HIV-infected women suffering from chronic alcoholism. In HIV-infected women, this figure is 3.14% lower and is 711.21±59.28 x10-6m. In women suffering from alcoholism without concomitant HIV infection, this figure is 697.8±47.88 x10-6m, which is 5% less than in the group with combined pathology. As expected, the lowest value was in the comparison group, where it was 527.23±44.37 x10-6m. There was a significant difference between the comparison group of HIV-infected women with alcoholism and the control group, which is 28.2%. In the studied material of HIV-infected patients, a high degree of distribution of the severity of cervical dysplasia was determined – 9.1%. Moderate and low degree, respectively, 19.42 and 37.12% in this group of subjects. When studying the degree of infiltration of the lamina propria mucosa in the study groups, it was found that the largest number of cases of severe infiltration (44.5%) was found in the group suffering from chronic alcoholism, and in the HIV groups no such case was detected. On the basis of the conducted research it is possible to assume the combined influence of the factors promoting development of pathological processes both in an epithelium, and in a mucous membrane of CU. Thus, HIV infection and alcohol abuse can exacerbate each other’s pathological effects and lead to pronounced pathomorphological changes in CU, namely: thickening of the mucosal epithelium due to frequent development of various types of warts, mucosal dysplasia and even severe cellular infiltration of the mucous membrane.

Erythrocyte glutathione deficiency in symptom-free HIV infection is associated with decreased synthesis rate

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (1) ◽  
pp. E205-E211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farook Jahoor ◽  
Alan Jackson ◽  
Brian Gazzard ◽  
Gary Philips ◽  
Danny Sharpstone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Infected Group ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Glutathione Deficiency ◽  
Absolute Synthesis ◽  
Asymptomatic Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Although several studies have documented intra- and extracellular glutathione (GSH) deficiency in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the mechanisms responsible for the altered GSH homeostasis remain unknown. To determine whether decreased synthesis contributes to this alteration of GSH homeostasis, a primed-constant infusion of [2H2]glycine was used to measure the fractional and absolute rates of synthesis of GSH in five healthy and five symptom-free HIV-infected subjects before and after supplementation for 1 wk with N-acetylcysteine. The erythrocyte GSH concentration of the HIV-infected group was lower ( P < 0.01) than that of the control group (1.4 ± 0.16 vs. 2.4 ± 0.08 mmol/l). The smaller erythrocyte GSH pool of the HIV-infected group was associated with a significantly slower ( P < 0.01) absolute synthesis rate of GSH (1.15 ± 0.14 vs. 1.71 ± 0.15 mmol ⋅ l−1 ⋅ day−1) compared with controls. Cysteine supplementation elicited significant increases in both the absolute rate of synthesis and the concentration of erythrocyte GSH. These results suggest that the GSH deficiency of HIV infection is due in part to a reduced synthesis rate secondary to a shortage in cysteine availability.

Lack of Specificity of Anticyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibodies in Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1055-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
RIËTTE du TOIT ◽  
DAVID WHITELAW ◽  
JANTJIE J. TALJAARD ◽  
LISA du PLESSIS ◽  
MONIKA ESSER
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Infected Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Citrullinated Peptide ◽  
Anticyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibodies ◽  
Peptide Antibodies

Objective. To determine the prevalence and specificity of anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) and rheumatoid factor (RF) for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and to evaluate the effect of immune reconstitution on these markers.Methods. Patients with advanced HIV infection without arthritis were enrolled. CD4+ T lymphocyte counts (CD4), anti-CCP, and RF were determined before initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) and repeated after 6 months. Results were compared to those of healthy controls. Patients were followed for the development of RA for 1 year.Results. Sixty patients and 26 controls were studied. Six-month followup results were available on 49 patients. Mean (SD) levels of anti-CCP were higher in patients with HIV compared to controls: respectively, 9.50 (11.41) versus 0.80 (1.32) units (p < 0.001). Mean (SD) levels decreased to 4.85 (8.12) units (p = 0.006) after 6 months of ART (HIV-infected group). Fifteen percent of patients initially tested positive for anti-CCP, 4% after 6 months versus no controls (p = 0.031). Forty-seven percent of patients initially tested positive for RF, 18% after 6 months versus 8% of controls (p < 0.001). Decreases in RF and anti-CCP after ART were accompanied by increased mean (SD) CD4: from 129 (56) to 278 (140) cells/mm3 (p < 0.001). Anti-CCP and RF positivity was not associated with the development of RA.Conclusion. Increased titers of anti-CCP and RF occur in advanced HIV infection. Although more specific than RF, before immune reconstitution, anti-CCP is an unreliable diagnostic marker for RA and does not necessarily predict future RA. After immune reconstitution, the specificity of anti-CCP approaches that of a control group.

scholarly journals A controlled estimate of the risk of HIV infection in Ethiopian children with tuberculosis

2001 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. BERGGREN PALME ◽  
B. GUDETTA ◽  
H. DEGEFU ◽  
L. MUHE ◽  
J. BRUCHFELD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Dual Infection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Crude Odds Ratio ◽  
Background Population ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

To quantify the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in children with tuberculosis (TB) a hospital-based, 1-year prospective, case-control study was performed in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Children with TB were compared to a control group of children admitted for elective surgery. The control group was also compared to a recent census of the background population. The crude odds ratio for HIV infection was 8·6 (95% CI 2·2–73). After adjustment for possible confounders in a multivariate regression model, the odds ratio for HIV infection in children with TB was found to be 12·7 (95% CI 2·9–55). Of several independent determinants of TB assessed in the study, this association was the strongest. Until HIV transmission has reached its peak, an increasing burden of dual infection among Ethiopian children is to be expected.

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AND PREGNANCY: PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES AND OBSTETRIC AND GYNECOLOGICAL TACTICS

2021 ◽  
pp. 178-184
Author(s):  
Spiridenko G.Yu. ◽  
Petrov Yu.A. ◽  
Bragina T.V.
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Pathological Effect ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Currently, due to the increase in the incidence of HIV infection in women of reproductive age, the number of desired pregnancies in such patients has increased. This makes it necessary to study the pathological effect of the human immunodeficiency virus on the placenta, fetus and the female body as a whole. HIV belongs to retroviruses and contributes to the discoordination of a woman's immune mechanisms. Using the gp41 and gp120 glycoproteins, reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease, the virus destroys CD4 cells and increases the viral load. It founded that the risk of infection of the fetus decreases from 45% to 1% with HIV infection before pregnancy and with antiretroviral therapy throughout its duration. Vertical infection is possible in the intrauterine, intranatal and postnatal periods, the main of which is the period of childbirth-up to 70%. Viral, maternal, placental, fetal, obstetric and neonatal factors contribute to an increased risk of transmission of the pathogen to the fetus. High viral load and antiretroviral therapy lead in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy to the development of chronic placental insufficiency due to the formation of focal and diffuse deciduitis, membranitis, intervillusitis and chorionamnionitis and damage to the hematoplacental barrier. Early diagnosis before 12 weeks of gestation, timely therapy with nucleoside and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, as well as protease inhibitors during pregnancy, childbirth and in the postpartum period are the main aspects of preventing HIV infection and further disorders of the child's growth and development. The timely choice of the method of delivery, indications and contraindications to delivery through the natural birth canal helps to reduce the risk of infection in a particularly dangerous period - the intrapartum.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Acute Deep Vein Thromboses

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Louw ◽  
Barry F. Jacobson ◽  
Harry Büller
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
South African ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Deep Vein

Abnormalities that predispose to a hypercoagulable state with an increased incidence of venous thrombosis have been described in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections and are associated with an increased mortality. A recent systematic review by Klein et al concluded that further studies are essential to elucidate the link between HIV infection and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). We prospectively evaluated 24 consecutive, active people presenting with an acute DVT; 13 consented to HIV testing, revealing an HIV prevalence of 84% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65-1.04). In a matched healthy control group, the HIV prevalence was 4% (95% CI, 0.039-0.041). The high HIV prevalence in the DVT group that consented to testing was also significantly higher compared to that in the South African population, estimated to be 10% in 2005. Although the study numbers were low, a statistically significant increased prevalence of HIV infection was found in patients with acute DVTs.

scholarly journals Medical-social risk factors of cervical cancer development among women of reproductive age

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Social Risk Factors ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Female Population

Cervical cancer is one of the widespread diseases that have a negative impact on the reproductive health. However, medical-social risk factors which provoke this pathology aren't studied sufficiently yet. We have identified the most significant medical-social risk factors of cervical cancer's development and progression based on data analysis of a sociological study. Thus, it was found that cervical cancer can't be associated with predominantly late reproductive age of women in conditions of the Republic of Belarus: most of the patients with this pathology (more than 53%) were under the age of 35 years old. The group of patients suffered from cervical cancer was quite homogeneous in their social status, which was average and relatively stable in a large majority of them (more than 90%), despite employment in various sectors of the national economy. Social functioning of these patients wasn't significantly different from the main population of women in reproductive age. Thus, early sexual activity and random early sexual relations weren't characteristic for the majority of them: 86.1±4.46% (the control group – 87.3±5.51%, the comparison group – 78.2±3.96%) and 83.5±4.72% (the control group – 89.1±4.28%, the comparison group – 75.2±2.36%). Moreover, the married patients of the main group had the most ordered sexual behavior (p<0.01; tau=0.572) which determined the low prevalence of artificial abortions among them, including menstrual cycle regulation (less than 8%). However, the revealed different defects of health-saving behavior in the main group of patients (more than 70%), including an insufficient level of valeological knowledge, the presence of common harmful habits and low medical activity, indicate that there are significant reserves for improvement of the preventive activities of medical stuff in the field of primary medical care for the development of a healthy lifestyle among female population of reproductive age and providing clinical examination among this contingent of females in reproductive age with the purpose of cervical cancer prevention.

scholarly journals Family Functioning in Adolescents with Perinatal HIV Infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 232595821877478
Author(s):  
Orawan Louthrenoo ◽  
Linda Aurpibul ◽  
Peninnah Oberdorfer ◽  
Virat Sirisanthana
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Family Functioning ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Infected Group ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Perinatal Hiv ◽  
The Family

This study aimed to assess family functioning in adolescents with perinatal HIV infection receiving antiretroviral therapy compared with healthy controls. Correlations between self-reported and caregiver-reported family functions were also evaluated. A sample of 195 participants including 65 perinatally HIV-infected adolescents and 130 healthy controls were enrolled. The total family functioning score in HIV-infected adolescents was significantly lower than that in healthy controls by self-report (105.86 vs 115.41; P ≤ .001). Caregivers of HIV-infected adolescents also reported lower scores of family functioning than those of controls (109.91 vs 114.98; P ≤ .001). Among the HIV-infected group, there was no or minimal correlation between the self-reported and caregiver-reported total scores of family functioning. However, there were moderate correlations between self-reported and caregiver-reported family functioning total scores in the control group. Overall, HIV-infected adolescents reported lower family functioning than healthy controls. Improved functioning in the family may help with better adjustment in perinatally HIV-infected adolescents.

The role of Bryostatin and PMA (Phorbole Myristate Acetate) in enhancing ZFN’s Anti-HIV effects

2021 ◽  
pp. 3674-3678
Author(s):  
Hanaa A. Alahmad ◽  
Sawsan H. Madi ◽  
Adnan M. Ikhtiar
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Infected Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Myristate Acetate ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Anti Hiv

Purpose: Investigate the efficacy of protein kinase activators in enhancing the activity of ZFN and maintain the average of CD4/CD8 in the treatment of AIDS by using protein kinase activators like bryostatin and PMA. Materials and methods: Balb/C mice were infected with hiv-1ADA (tCID50 102×5 per mouse), A week later, ZFN was then injected with a concentration of 3,100ng, PMA with a dose 100ng per animal and Bryostatin 40 μg/kg, intraperitoneally. And Antiviral treatment was continued for seven weeks, using oral tenofovir at a dose of 4.5mg, emtricitabine at a dose of 3mg, and efavirenz at a dose of 18mg, daily At the end of the study, blood samples were withdrawn from the retro-orbital mouse eye and CD4/CD8 was measured by flow cytometry. Results: The pathophysiological changes decreased in the group treated with ZFN compared to the control infected group with significant differences, but there are no significant differences between and the groups treated with ZFN+Bry (HIV+ Z +B), ZFN +PMA (HIV+ Z +PMA) and ART group with CD4/CD8 ratio in these compared to the infected irradiated control group (HIV). Conclusion: Bryostatin and PMA cannot enhance the effect of ZFN in treating HIV infection.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document