scholarly journals The contributions of phonological awareness and decoding on spelling in third grade isiXhosa readers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikaela Daries ◽  
Tracy Probert ◽  
Maxine Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Phonological Awareness ◽  
Reading Fluency ◽  
Oral Reading ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Third Grade ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spelling Ability ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Larger Sample

Through the use of an initial study and a pre-registered conceptual replication study we examined the relations between decoding, phonological awareness (PA), and spelling for third grade readers of isiXhosa, which uses a consistent alphabetic orthography. The initial exploratory study sought to describe the relationships between decoding and spelling, and PA and spelling in a sample of 49 third grade isiXhosa readers. We then conceptually replicated this study to confirm the hypotheses generated from the initial study with a larger sample of 149 third grade isiXhosa readers. We expected that both decoding and PA would be related to spelling and that the strength of the relationship between decoding and spelling, and PA and spelling would vary with spelling ability, due to the changes that occur in the development of spelling. Cross-sectional, quantitative secondary data was used from two different projects to answer the research questions. Tasks of PA, oral reading fluency (as a measure of decoding) and spelling were developed and administered to the participants. The analysis revealed that decoding was a robust predictor of spelling for third grade isiXhosa readers, whereas PA was not a robust predictor of spelling in isiXhosa, after controlling for decoding. Our study thus confirms the association found between decoding and spelling ability in consistent orthographies using cross-sectional data.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Error Rate and Comprehension in Second and Third Grade Oral Reading Fluency

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 104-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Abbott ◽  
Howard Wills ◽  
Angela Miller ◽  
Journ Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Reading Fluency ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Oral Reading ◽  
Oral Reading Fluency ◽  
Third Grade ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP OF VITAMIN A SUPPLEMENTATION, GIVING IMMUNIZATION, AND HISTORY OF INFECTION DISEASE WITH THE STUNTING OF CHILDREN AGED 24-59 MONTHS IN PUSKESMAS MULYOREJO, SURABAYA

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Melvanda Gisela Putri ◽  
Roedi Irawan ◽  
Indri Safitri Mukono
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Stunting merupakan suatu istilah yang menggambarkan kondisi pertumbuhan tinggi badan kurang berdasarkan umur disesuaikan dengan Z-Score (<-2SD). Stunting pada balita dapat diakibatkan oleh kurangnya asupan zat gizi yang diperlukan bagi pertumbuhan anak. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan suplementasi vitamin A, pemberian imunisasi dan riwayat penyakit infeksi yakni diare dan ISPA terhadap kejadian stunting.Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan suplementasi vitamin A, pemberian imunisasi, dan penyakit infeksi terhadap stunting pada anak usia 24-59 bulan di Puskesmas Mulyorejo, Surabaya.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan metode cross sectional. Besar sampel adalah 107 anak usia 24-59 bulan di Puskesmas Mulyorejo, Surabaya. terdiri dari 25 anak kelompok stunting dan 82 anak kelompok non- stunting. Cara pengambilan data melalui data sekunder posyandu dan wawancara langsung orang tua anak dengan pengisian kuisioner. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-Square, Fisher Exact, dan Mann Whitney.Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil terdapat hubungan suplementasi vitamin A dengan stunting (p=0,000), tidak ada hubungan antara pemberian imunisasi terhadap stunting (p=0,332). Dalam riwayat penyakit infeksi, frekuensi diare dan ISPA ditemukan tidak ada hubungan dengan  stunting (p=0,053 dan p=0,082), begitu pula pada lama diare dan lama ISPA tidak berhubungan dengan stunting (p= 0,614 dan p=0,918).Kesimpulan: Suplementasi vitamin A berhubungan signifikan dengan stunting yang diamati pada anak usia 24-59 bulan di Puskesmas Mulyorejo, Surabaya. Kata kunci: kejadian stunting, vitamin A, imunisasi, penyakit infeksi, anak usia 24-59 bulanABSTRACTBackground: Stunting is a term that describes condition of lower height-for-age Z-Score (<-2SD). Stunting among children can be caused by a lack of nutrients needed for children's growth. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between vitamin A supplementation, immunization and a history of infectious diseases, namely diarrhea and ARI to the incidence of stunting.Objectives: To determine the relationship between vitamin A supplementation, immunization, and history of infectious disease with the incidence of stunting in children aged 24-59 months at Puskesmas Mulyorejo, Surabaya.Methods: This study was an observational analytic study with cross sectional method. The sample size was 107 children aged 24-59 months at Puskesmas Mulyorejo, Surabaya. This study consisted of 25 children in the stunting group and 82 children in the non-stunting group. The method of data collection was through secondary data from posyandu and direct interviews with parents by filling out questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test, fisher exact, and Mann Whitney.Results: The results of this study indicated that there was a relationship between vitamin A supplementation and with stunting (p = 0.000). There was no relationship between immunization and stunting (p = 0.332). In the history of infectious diseases, the frequency of diarrhea and ARI was found to have no relationship with stunting (p = 0.053 and p = 0.082), as well as the duration of diarrhea and duration of ARI there was no association with the stunting (p = 0.614 and p = 0.918).Conclusion: Vitamin A supplementation has significant relationship with stunting in children aged 24-59 months at Puskesmas Mulyorejo, Surabaya.

scholarly journals The Relationship of age, attitude, knowladge, cost to cataract surgery

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Aminatul Fitria
Keyword(s):  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Attitudes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Cataract is the leading cause of 51% blindness case in the world. Cataract can only be cured trough surgery, but most people with cataract in Indonesia is not in undergoing surgery due to several factors. The increasing number of cataract victim whose not undergoing any treatment to cure them will resulting in increasing number of blindness case, so blindness cause by cataracts can be a public health problem. This research was conducted to determine the relationship of age, attitudes, knowledge and the cost of the action to perform cataract surgery. This research was an observational analytic study with cross sectional design. The samples were cataract patients in Undaan Eye Hospital Surabaya who were randomly selected using a simple random sampling based on medical records of 60 people. Data collection was done by taking secondary data and interviews to patients. Those variables was analyzed with chi square or Fisher’s exact with significancy level at 95%. The result showed that there were correlation between knowledge (p = 0.017), operating costs (p = 0.001) and attitude (0.000) while age was not related (p = 1.000), the actions to perform cataract surgery. The conclusion from this research was the attitude, knowledge and operating costs related to the actions to perform cataract surgery, while age was not related to the actions to perform cataract surgery. It is recommended to give through leaflets or other media in the lobby for improving patient education, counseling to the patient family, the doctor’s advice to convince patient for surgery.Keywords: practice, surgery, cataract, attitudes, costs

scholarly journals The Distribution and Consequences of Sexual Misconduct Perpetrated by Peacekeepers in Haiti: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luissa Vahedi ◽  
Heather Stuart ◽  
Stéphanie Etienne ◽  
Sabine Lee ◽  
Susan A Bartels
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Personal Narratives ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sexual Misconduct ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Research Assistants

Abstract During the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH), reports of sexual abuse and exploitation and children fathered by peacekeepers were brought forward to the UN. In 2017, a cross-sectional mixed-methods survey was administered by Haitian research assistants using SenseMaker®, a rapid data collection tool that allows participants to share a narrative on a topic of interest. In total, 2541 self-interpreted narratives in relation to the experiences of Haitian women and girls vis-à-vis peacekeepers were collected from a convenience sample of Haitian males and females across Haiti. This exploratory secondary data analysis analyzes whether narratives about sexual misconduct perpetrated by MINUSTAH peacekeepers were associated with rural, semi-urban, or urban locations and investigates the relationship between sharing narratives about sexual misconduct and the desire to engage with the UN/MINUSTAH. After adjustment, narratives addressing sexual misconduct were more likely to be shared in rural locations, compared to urban locations (RRrural: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.38). Personal experiences of sexual misconduct were more likely (RRsex: 4.52; 95% CI: 3.34, 6.12) to be associated with rejection of the UN/MINUSTAH, compared to personal narratives of positive/neutral experiences. This research is an empirical steppingstone to understanding the distribution and consequences of peacekeeper-perpetrated sexual abuse and exploitation in Haiti.

scholarly journals Modeling oral reading fluency development in Latino students: A longitudinal study across second and third grade.

2009 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Al Otaiba ◽  
Yaacov Petscher ◽  
N. Eleni Pappamihiel ◽  
Rihana S. Williams ◽  
Allison K. Dyrlund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Reading Fluency ◽  
Oral Reading ◽  
Oral Reading Fluency ◽  
Latino Students ◽  
Third Grade

Relationship between second grade oral reading fluency and third grade reading

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Kane Salvador ◽  
Jason Schoeneberger ◽  
Lynne Tingle ◽  
Bob Algozzine
Keyword(s):  
Reading Fluency ◽  
Oral Reading ◽  
Oral Reading Fluency ◽  
Third Grade ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Third Grade Reading

scholarly journals Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Penggunaan APD pada Pekerja Teknisi Mesin di PT PLN Rayon Tembilahan

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Firman Edigan ◽  
Deny Pratama Putra
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bivariate Data ◽  
Work Accident ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
A Company ◽  
Bivariate Data Analysis

[ID] PT PLN Rayon Tembilahan adalah perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang penyediaan tenaga listrik, pada penelitian awal terdapat pekerja pada shift siang masih banyak pekerja yang tidak menggunakan APD dengan lengkap sesuai dengan bagian pekerjaanya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan pekerja, kondisi lingkungan, ketersediaan sarana, pengawasan terhadap penggunaan APD pada pekerja teknisi mesin di PT PLN Rayon Tembilahan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian Cross Sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan total sampling dimana pekerja teknisi mesin di PT PLN Rayon Tembilahan yang berjumlah 35 orang. Analisis data secara univariat dan bivariat dengan uji-square. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh tidak ada hubungan pengetahuan dengan penggunaan APD dengan nilai p=0,899, adanya hubungan kondisi lingkungan dengan penggunaan APD dengan nilai p=0,022 dan diperoleh nilai OR=8,500, adanya hubungan sarana prasarana  dengan penggunaan APD dengan nilai p=0,031 dan diperoleh nilai OR=6,857, tidak ada hubungan pengawasan dengan penggunaan APD dengan nilai p=0,854 dan diperoleh nilai OR=1,429. Diharapkan kepada pihak PLN Rayon Tembilahan agar memperihatikan kondisi lingkungan kerja  dan bisa melengkapi sarana prasarana untuk pekerja agar dapat mengurangi resiko terhindar dari kecelakaan kerja. [EN] PT PLN Rayon Tembilahan is a company in the provision of electric power, In the initial study there are workers in the afternoon shift there are still many workers who do not use the complete PPE related with their work, the purpose of this study to determine the relationship of worker knowledge, environmental conditions, the availability of facilities, supervision of the use of PPE on workers in the engine technician PT PLN Rayon Tembilahan. The research method used is quantitative research with Cross Sectional research design. The sample in this research use total sampling where machine technician workers in PT PLN Rayon Tembilahan which amounted to 35 person. Univariate and bivariate data analysis with square test. The result of this research is no correlation with the use of PPE with p = 0,899, there is relation of environmental condition with PPE usage with p value = 0,022 and obtained value OR = 8,500, there is correlation of facility of infrastructure by using PPE with p value = 0,031 and Value OR = 6.857, there is no relationship of supervision with the use of PPE with the value p = 0.854 and obtained the value OR = 1.429. It is expected to PLN Rayon Tembilahan to envisage the condition of the work environment and can equip the infrastructure for workers to reduce the risk of avoidance of work accident.  

scholarly journals Astigmatism among children in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: prevalence and associated factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Basheikh ◽  
Sara Howldar ◽  
Mohammed Basendwah ◽  
Rasha Baqais ◽  
Motaz Bamakrid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Reading Fluency ◽  
Oral Reading ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Undiagnosed astigmatism among children may result in multiple unfavourable consequences, such as poor performance on cognitive and language tasks, reduced oral reading fluency, behavioural disorders, and amblyopia development. In contrast, astigmatism is easily correctable in young children, which highlights the need for periodic assessment of its prevalence amongpediatric populations. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of astigmatism among the pediatric population in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and to assess the rate of newly detected cases (incidental astigmatism) and the associated risk factors. Patients and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among visitors of the awareness campaign about amblyopia, which took place in the Red Sea Mall, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, on January 29–30, 2016. Children aged 2–15 years were enrolled in the study to undergo noncycloplegic eye examination using an autorefractometer for measuring cylindrical refractive error (Cyl). The calculated sample size for the studied age group of the population of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia was 291. Astigmatism was defined as Cyl 1 diopter in either eye. Multivariate binomial regression was used to analyze the predictors of incidental astigmatism. Results: We examined the eyes of 347 children, mean age = 7.788 (standard deviation = 2.69) years, females = 53.3%. The overall prevalence of astigmatism was 41.5%, whereas the prevalence of incidental astigmatism was 40.6% among 342 children without apparent astigmatism. The prevalence of incidental astigmatism was associated with a previous diagnosis of amblyopia, having a sibling known to have amblyopia, and wearing spectacles. However, only wearing spectacles was shown to predict incidental astigmatism in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Astigmatism is highly prevalent among children in Western Saudi Arabia, with the majority being undiagnosed before this screening campaign. These findings urge for further nationwide, population-based studies to address the burden of refractive errors among children in Saudi Arabia. Key words: amblyopia, incidental, population, refractive error, risk factors, Saudi

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF FINANCIAL PLANNING ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HOUSEHOLD INCOME AND LEVEL OF SAVING IN TANZANIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 622-634
Author(s):  
Warren Tibesigwa ◽  
◽  
Will Kaberuka ◽  
Joanina Ayebare ◽  
Ally Ndeshiuta Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Planning ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Government ◽  
Financial Awareness ◽  
The Relationship

There are many studies on the relationship between household income and saving though very little is known about the influence of financial planning on the relationship between household income and saving.This paper examined the moderating effect of financial planning on the relationship between household income and saving in Tanzania.Based on cross-sectional secondary data (Finscope data,2017) that was collected using multistage sampling from 9457 respondents, descriptive, correlation, regression and moderation effect were performed to analyze the data.The findings indicate that household income and interaction effects have a positive relationship with level of saving. Finally, regression results show that household income and financial planning have a positive significant effect on household saving levels and that financial planning has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between household income and level of saving. From these study results,it is recommended that the government of Tanzania through the ministry of community development, gender and children in should introduce financial awareness programs to the communities in order for the people to realize the need of financial planning and hence improve their saving.Further more the government throughthe ministry of education and vocational training should introduce financial awareness in the school curriculum so that citizens learn how to plan for financial matters at early stages.

scholarly journals Study of Asssociation of Concha Bullosa with Rhinosinusitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
Shrikrishna B H ◽  
Jyothi A C
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Radiological Assessment ◽  
Concha Bullosa ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Strength Of Association ◽  
Larger Sample

Introduction There are several studies with contradictory findings about the role of concha bullosa with predisposition to rhinosinusitis. This study was conducted to assess the relationship of osteomeatal unit blockage with concha bullosa. Materials and method A cross-sectional observational study by radiological assessment of prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis and blockage of ipsilateral osteomeatal unit was done on 100 cases of concha bullosa detected on computed tomography to determine the prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis in subjects with concha bullosa and to examine the latter’s relationship to osteomeatal unit blockage, which is a precursor for rhinosinusitis. Result One hundred cases of concha bullosa were studied in a total of 87 CT scan films depicting concha bullosa. Some CT scans showed unilateral concha bullosa while few scans showed bilateral concha bullosa. Ipsilateral rhinosinusitis was found in only 31% of the sides in scans of subjects with concha bullosa. Of the total 100 concha bullosae studied, extensive type was the commonest followed by bulbous and lamellar variety. Discussion Although rhinosinusitis was more predominant in the extensive type of concha bullosa compared to other types, it was statistically not significant and there was no statistically significant association between any type of concha bullosa with ipsilateral rhinosinusitis either in right side or left side. Conclusion This study has found no statistically significant association between any type of concha bullosa with rhinosinusitis. A bigger study with larger sample size is required to better assess the strength of association between concha bullosa and rhinosinusitis.

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