scholarly journals Application of electrically charged aerosol for chemical plant protection

2021 ◽  
pp. 173-177
Author(s):  
П.А. Догода ◽  
А.П. Догода ◽  
В.В. Красовский ◽  
Р.А. Цолин ◽  
И.М. Трофимов
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Electrostatic Spraying ◽  
Charged Aerosol ◽  
A Charge ◽  
Electrically Charged

В статье рассматривается разработка устройства и преимущество систем опрыскивания пестицидов с электрозарядкой распыляемых аэрозолей, предназначенных для уменьшения объема вносимых пестицидов, а также для улучшения условий труда. Электрозарядное распылительное устройство включает в себя внешний кольцевой индукционный зарядный электрод вокруг гидравлического сопла с высокой скоростью потока. Открытые секции по сторонам распылительного устройства создают воздушный поток посредством всасывания на конце сопла. Данный воздушный поток защищает электрод от попадания на него распыляемой жидкости, которая может вызвать нежелательный коронный разряд. Для крупных теплиц предлагается использовать робота по типу Bogaerts Qii-Jet, модернизированного электрозарядным устройством для электростатического распыления. Робот оснащается в общей сложности восемью электростатическими распылительными форсунками (со скоростью потока на форсунку 0,56 л/мин. и отношением заряда к массе -0,45 мК/кг). Был проведен эксперимент по определению оставшегося количества насекомых-вредителей после распыления химических веществ, а также объёма и качества овощей по сравнению с неэлектростатическим распылением. Штанговый опрыскиватель, оборудованный электрозарядным устройством, был разработан и испытан. Полевые испытания показали, что этот штанговый опрыскиватель позволяет снизить количество необходимого объема пестицидов на 30%. При этом качество и урожайность культур были одинаковыми для обоих способов опрыскивания. Для опрыскивания в теплицах был предложен робот, оборудованный электрозарядным устройством. Использование электрозарядного устройства на роботе для опрыскивания даст возможность уменьшить норму внесения ядохимикатов, а также обезопасить человека. This article discusses the development of the device and the advantages of pesticide spraying systems with electric charging of sprayed aerosols, intended to reduce the amount of pesticides applied, as well as to improve working conditions. The electrically charging spraying device includes an external annular induction and charging electrode around the high flow rate hydraulic nozzle. Open sections on the sides of the spraying device create airflow by suction at the end of the nozzle. This airflow protects the electrode from spraying liquid that can cause unwanted corona discharge. It is proposed to use a robot of the Bogaerts Qii-Jet type, upgraded with electric charger for electrostatic spraying for large greenhouses. The robot is equipped with eight electrostatic spraying nozzles (with a flow rate per nozzle of 0.56 l/min and a charge-to-weight ratio of 0.45 mС/kg). The experiment determining the remaining amount of insect pests after spraying chemicals, and the volume and quality of vegetables, compared to non-electrostatic spraying, was carried out. The boom sprayer equipped with an electric charger was developed and tested. Field experiments have shown that this boom sprayer can reduce the amount of the required pesticide by up to 30%. At that, the quality and yielding power of crops were the same for both methods of spraying. For spraying in greenhouses, a robot equipped with an electric charger was proposed. Using of electric charger on the spraying robot will make it possible to reduce the rate of introduction of pesticides, as well as to protect a man.

Plant pathogens, insect pests and weeds in a changing global climate: a review of approaches, challenges, research gaps, key studies and concepts

2012 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. JUROSZEK ◽  
A. von TIEDEMANN
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Climate Change Research ◽  
Recent Climate

SUMMARYClimate change biology is witnessing a significant quantity of new publications each year, which compromises efforts to keep up-to-date on the rapidly growing body of climate change biology literature. The present paper provides an overview on research approaches and challenges in climate change biology with respect to plant pathogens, insect pests and weeds (collectively termed ‘pests’ here). It also summarizes the suggestions of researchers about how to conceptualize and prioritize future research strategies. Recently published key studies demonstrate that climate change research is qualitatively advancing and that the interactions among environmental and biotic factors which have been found are complex. This complexity hinders attempts to generalize responses of pests to changes in climate. The challenge remains to identify the most significant causal relationships and to separate them from other factors such as crop management practices, which may also influence the observed changes in pest distribution and prevalence in managed ecosystems. In addition, the present overview shows that there are still gaps in many research areas, while other fields have been intensively investigated. For example, the identification of potential benefits in plant protection that may emerge from future climate change has not been explored as extensively as the potential threats. However, encouraging developments can be observed in recent climate change research, for instance the increased number of studies performed under subtropical and tropical climatic conditions, the increased availability of results from multi-factorial field experiments and modelling studies do consider increasingly pest–crop–climate interactions. Further progress can be expected, provided that researchers, sponsors and other stakeholders maintain their interest in climate change biology research.

scholarly journals Growth and yield of Cantaloupe melon 'Acclaim' in protected cultivation using agrotextile

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco GB Santos ◽  
Maria Z Negreiros ◽  
José F Medeiros ◽  
Welder AR Lopes ◽  
Alinne M Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Area Index

In Rio Grande do Norte, the melon growers have been using the row cover on the roof of the plants to start flowering in order to reduce the population of insect pests that cause severe losses, rising production costs, especially with the application of defensive. Thus, it is important to know the best time to remove the row cover because, due to its use, it is assumed that there are changes in the physiological response of plants. In order to evaluate the growth and yield of the melon plants 'Acclaim' cultivated under protection agrotextile (TNT) for different periods, a trial was conducted at the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-árido, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte state. The experimental design was a randomized complete block, with four replications, in a splitplot, the plots were the plant protection periods (0, 18, 21, 24, 27 and 30 days after transplanting, DAT), and splitplots, times of sampling the plants (13, 20, 27, 34, 41, 48 and 55 DAT). We evaluated the dry matter accumulation in leaves (LDMA), branches (BDMA), flowers (FDMA), fruits (FrdMA) and total (TDMA), assimilate partitioning, leaf area index (LAI), leaf weight ratio (LWR), absolute growth rate (AGR) and relative (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), total (PTOT) and marketable productivity (PCOM). The treatments with plant protection did not affect the TDMA which peaked at 295.12 g plant-1 at 53 DAT, with the fruits behaving like sink preferred plant, accounting for 72.25% of the dry mass accumulated. The LAI and the AGR grew by 55 and 42 DAT (1.95 and 18.518 g/plant/day), respectively, while the LWR and RGR decreased over the cycle, with peaks of 0.911 and 0.242 g/g/day, at 13 and 20 DAT, respectively. The PTOT and PCOM were not affected by periods of plant protection, with averages of 29.30 and 22.25 t ha-1, respectively, indicating that it is possible to manage the row cover in order to remove it later, that reduces costs and crop protection without significant loss in productivity.

THE INFLUENCE OF TILLAGE SYSTEMS ON THE GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND YIELD OF LONG-FLAX

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Dumych ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Flax Seeds

The purpose of research: to improve the technology of growing flax in the Western region of Ukraine on the basis of the introduction of systems for minimizing tillage, which will increase the yield of trusts and seeds. Research methods: field, laboratory, visual and comparative calculation method. Research results: Field experiments included the study of three tillage systems (traditional, canning and mulching) and determining their impact on growth and development and yields of trusts and flax seeds. The traditional tillage system included the following operations: plowing with a reversible plow to a depth of 27 cm, cultivation with simultaneous harrowing and pre-sowing tillage. The conservation system is based on deep shelfless loosening of the soil and provided for chiseling to a depth of 40 cm, disking to a depth of 15 cm, cultivation with simultaneous harrowing, pre-sowing tillage. During the implementation of the mulching system, disking to a depth of 15 cm, cultivation with simultaneous harrowing and pre-sowing tillage with a combined unit was carried out. Tillage implements and machines were used to perform tillage operations: disc harrow BDVP-3,6, reversible plow PON-5/4, chisel PCh-3, cultivator KPSP-4, pre-sowing tillage unit LK-4. The SZ-3,6 ASTPA grain seeder was used for sowing long flax of the Kamenyar variety. Simultaneously with the sowing of flax seeds, local application of mineral fertilizers (nitroammophoska 2 c/ha) was carried out. The application of conservation tillage allows to obtain the yield of flax trust at the level of 3,5 t/ha, which is 0,4 t/ha (12.9 %) more than from the area of traditional tillage and 0,7 t/ha (25 %) in comparison with mulching. In the area with canning treatment, the seed yield was the highest and amounted to 0,64 t/ha. The difference between this option and traditional and mulching tillage reaches 0,06 t/ha (10,3 %) and 0.10 t/ha (18.5 %), respectively. Conclusions. Preservation tillage, which is based on shelf-free tillage to a depth of 40 cm and disking to a depth of 15 cm has a positive effect on plant growth and development, yield and quality of flax.

Drip Irrigation and Stand Establishment Affect Yield and Quality of Cantaloupe

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 545d-545
Author(s):  
D.I. Leskovar ◽  
J.C. Ward ◽  
R.W. Sprague ◽  
A. Meiri
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Yield And Quality

Water pumping restrictions of high-quality irrigation water from underground aquifers is affecting vegetable production in Southwest Texas. There is a need to develop efficient deficit-irrigation strategies to minimize irrigation inputs and maintain crop profitability. Our objective was to determine how growth, yield, and quality of cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L. cv. `Caravelle') are affected by irrigation systems with varying input levels, including drip depth position and polyethylene mulch. Stand establishment systems used were containerized transplants and direct seeding. Field experiments were conducted on a Uvalde silty clay loam soil. Marketable yields increased in the order of pre-irrigation followed by: dry-land conditions, furrow/no-mulch, furrow/mulch, drip-surface (0 cm depth)/mulch, drip-subsurface (10-cm depth)/mulch, and drip-subsurface (30 cm depth)/mulch. Pooled across all drip depth treatments, plants on drip had higher water use efficiency than plants on furrow/no-mulch or furrow/mulch systems. Transplants with drip-surface produced 75% higher total and fruit size No. 9 yields than drip-subsurface (10- or 30-cm depth) during the first harvest, but total yields were unaffected by drip tape position. About similar trends were measured in a subsequent study except for a significant irrigation system (stand establishment interaction for yield. Total yields were highest for transplants on drip-subsurface (10-cm depth) and direct seeded plants on drip-subsurface (10 and 30 cm depth) with mulch.

Radon removal by aeration: observations on testing, installation and maintenance of domestic treatment units

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-475
Author(s):  
T. Turtiainen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Medium Flow ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Frequent Sampling

Radon is one of the contaminants that sometimes impair the water quality of wells, especially those drilled in bedrock. Domestic radon removal units based on aeration have been commercially available for more than ten years. In order to determine how effectively these units remove radon a new test protocol applying frequent sampling while letting 100 litres of water flow, was developed. This way, removal efficiencies can be more accurately calculated and possible malfunctions detected. Seven models of domestic aerators designed for removing radon from household water were tested. The aerators were based on diffused bubble aeration, spray aeration or jet aeration. The average removal efficiencies for 100 litres with a medium flow rate were 86–100% except for a unit that circulated the aerated water back to the well that had removal efficiency of 80% at the maximum. By conducting a questionnaire study usual problems related to the aeration units were localized and recommendations on maintenance and installation are given accordingly.

scholarly journals The influence of temperature and TMGa flow rate on the quality of p-GaN

AIP Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 035109
Author(s):  
Zikun Cao ◽  
Xiaowei Wang ◽  
Degang Zhao ◽  
Feng Liang ◽  
Zongshun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Influence Of Temperature

scholarly journals Effect of the Application Date of Fertilizer Containing Silicon and Potassium on the Yield and Technological Quality of Sugar Beet Roots

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Artyszak ◽  
Dariusz Gozdowski ◽  
Alicja Siuda
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Technological Quality

Water shortage and drought are a growing problem in Europe. Therefore, effective methods for limiting its effects are necessary. At the same time, the “field to fork” strategy adopted by the European Commission aims to achieve a significant reduction in the use of plant protection products and fertilizers in the European Union. In an experiment conducted in 2018–2020, the effect of the method of foliar fertilization containing silicon and potassium on the yield and technological quality of sugar beet roots was assessed. The fertilizer was used in seven combinations, differing in the number and time of application. The best results were obtained by treating plants during drought stress. The better soil moisture for the plants, the smaller the pure sugar yield increase was observed. It is difficult to clearly state which combination of silicon and potassium foliar application is optimal, as their effects do not differ greatly.

scholarly journals Exploiting Thrips Aggregation Pheromones to Develop a Lure-and-Kill Strategy for the Management of the Bean Flower Thrips

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1269
Author(s):  
David K. Mfuti ◽  
Amanuel Tamiru ◽  
William D. J. Kirk ◽  
Adeyemi O. Akinyemi ◽  
Heather Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Aggregation Pheromones ◽  
Megalurothrips Sjostedti ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Antifungal Effects ◽  
Field Efficacy ◽  
Management Alternative ◽  
Trap Catches

The potential of semiochemicals to lure insect pests to a trap where they can be killed with biopesticides has been demonstrated as an eco-friendly pest management alternative. In this study, we tested two recently characterized male-produced aggregation pheromones of the bean flower thrips Megalurothrips sjostedti (Trybom), namely (R)-lavandulyl 3-methylbutanoate (major) and (R)-lavandulol (minor), for their field efficacy. Moreover, compatibility of these pheromones and two other thrips attractants, Lurem-TR and neryl (S)-2-methylbutanoate, with the entomopathogenic fungus (EPF) Metarhizium anisopliae ICIPE 69 has been determined. Our study revealed that the M. sjostedti aggregation pheromones have dose-dependent antifungal effects on the EPF viability, but showed no fungistatic effect at a field-realistic dose for attraction of thrips. (R)-lavandulyl 3-methylbutanoate had similar antifungal effects as neryl (S)-2-methylbutanoate 8 days after exposure; whereas, Lurem-TR had a stronger antifungal effect than other thrips attractants. In the semi-field experiments, all autoinoculation devices maintained at least 86% viability of M. anisopliae conidia after 12 days of exposure. Field trials demonstrated for the first time that (R)-lavandulyl 3-methylbutanoate increases trap catches. Our findings pave a way for designing a lure-and-kill thrips management strategy to control bean flower thrips using autoinoculation devices or spot spray application.

scholarly journals Hunting wino and higgsino dark matter at the muon collider with disappearing tracks

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Capdevilla ◽  
Federico Meloni ◽  
Rosa Simoniello ◽  
Jose Zurita
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Simple Strategy ◽  
Physics Program ◽  
Daunting Task ◽  
Muon Collider ◽  
New States ◽  
Muon Colliders ◽  
Particle Decays ◽  
Electrically Charged

Abstract We study the capabilities of a muon collider experiment to detect disappearing tracks originating when a heavy and electrically charged long-lived particle decays via X+→ Y+Z0, where X+ and Z0 are two almost mass degenerate new states and Y+ is a charged Standard Model particle. The backgrounds induced by the in-flight decays of the muon beams (BIB) can create detector hit combinations that mimic long-lived particle signatures, making the search a daunting task. We design a simple strategy to tame the BIB, based on a detector-hit-level selection exploiting timing information and hit-to-hit correlations, followed by simple requirements on the quality of reconstructed tracks. Our strategy allows us to reduce the number of tracks from BIB to an average of 0.08 per event, hence being able to design a cut-and-count analysis that shows that it is possible to cover weak doublets and triplets with masses close to $$ \sqrt{s}/2 $$ s / 2 in the 0.1–10 ns range. In particular, this implies that a 10 TeV muon collider is able to probe thermal MSSM higgsinos and thermal MSSM winos, thus rivaling the FCC-hh in that respect, and further enlarging the physics program of the muon collider into the territory of WIMP dark matter and long-lived signatures. We also provide parton-to-reconstructed level efficiency maps, allowing an estimation of the coverage of disappearing tracks at muon colliders for arbitrary models.

scholarly journals Comparative Experimental Effects of Intercropping and Cypermethrin on Insect Pest Infestation and Yield of Maize, Cowpea and Okra in Two Cameroonian Agro-Ecological Zones

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-393
Author(s):  
Patient Farsia Djidjonri ◽  
Nukenine Elias Nchiwan ◽  
Hartmut Koehler
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

The present study investigates the effect of intercropping (maize-cowpea, maize-okra, maize-okra-cowpea, okra-cowpea) compared to insecticide application on the level of infestation of insect pests and the final yield of maize, cowpea and okra. Field experiments were conducted during the 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons in the Guinean Savannah (Dang-Ngaoundere) and Sudano Sahelian (Gouna-Garoua) agro-ecological zones in Cameroon. Our experimental design was a split plot arrangement in a randomized complete block with four replications. The main factor was assigned to the use of insecticide (Cypermethrin) and sub plots were devoted for cropping systems. We compared the efficiency of intercropping to that of Cypermethrin application on the Yield of maize, cowpea and okra as influenced by insect pest damages. The comparison of monocropped sprayed by Cypermethrin to unsprayed showed that, in Dang, insect pests reduced maize yield by 37% and 24% in 2016 and 2017, respectively, whereas in Gouna, it was lower than 8% during the both years. Reduction in seed yield by insect pests on cowpea in Dang represented 47% and 50% in 2016 and 2017, respectively, whereas in Gouna, it was 55% and 63% in 2016 and 2017, respectively. For okra, insect pests reduced okra fruit yield by 25% and 44% in Dang and 23% and 28% in Gouna, respectively, in 2016 and 2017. Crop yield was lower in intercropping compared to monoculture due to competition of plants in association on different resources. Considering the total yields obtained from each intercropping, intercropping trials resulted generally in higher yields compared to mono-culture (LER > 1) in both sites and years but the respective yields were quite different. On the basis of the results obtained, we recommend maize-cowpea intercropping as a sustainable solution to reduce the infestation level of their pest insects.

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