Occupational Health Risks from Combined Exposure to Welding Fumes and Cold Environment for Welders

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
EM Polyakova ◽  
SA Syurin
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Welding Fumes ◽  
Cold Environment ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Occupational Risk Factors ◽  
Manufacturing Facility ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Medical Examinations ◽  
Reference Cohort

Introduction: Intensification of economic activities in the northern regions of Russia requires a better understanding of the combined health effect of cold environment and occupational risk factors. Objective: To assess the risk of developing health disorders in gas and electric welders exposed to low and normal workplace temperatures. Materials and methods: We conducted a comparative analysis of working conditions and health status of welders at two enterprises. The main cohort included 310 workers exposed to welding fumes and cold microclimate in an underground mine. The control cohort included 282 employees of a railcar manufacturing facility performing their functional duties in workshops with acceptable microclimate parameters. Results: According to the results of periodic medical examinations, 499 chronic diseases were diagnosed in welders of the main cohort against 230 among the controls. Compared to the reference cohort, underground welders were at higher risk of developing diseases of the digestive system (RR = 2.63; CI: 1.47–4.70; p = 0.0006), genitourinary (RR = 6.55; CI: 1.51–28.4; p = 0.004), musculoskeletal (RR = 1.50; CI: 1.14–1.97; p = 0.003), and nervous systems (RR = 5.29; CI 1.19–23.4; p = 0.014), skin (RR = 3.85; CI: 1.61–9.18; p = 0.001), respiratory organs (RR = 3.23; CI: 1.84–5.69; p < 0.001), as well as infectious and parasitic diseases (RR = 8.61; CI: 2.03–36.5; p = 0.0004). Thus, the number of healthy workers was smaller while the number of workers suffering from two or more chronic diseases was bigger in this cohort (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The welders working in cold environment were significantly less healthy than those working in normal workplace temperatures. The results necessitate the development of additional measures of disease prevention for this category of employees.

scholarly journals Phosphate Buffer Solubility and Oxidative Potential of Single Metals or Multielement Particles of Welding Fumes

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Manuella Ghanem ◽  
Esperanza Perdrix ◽  
Laurent Yves Alleman ◽  
Davy Rousset ◽  
Patrice Coddeville
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metals ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Certified Reference Materials ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Pure Metal ◽  
Welding Fumes ◽  
Oxidative Potential ◽  
Potential Health

To evaluate the chemical behavior and the health impact of welding fumes (WF), a complex and heterogeneous mixture of particulate metal oxides, two certified reference materials (CRMs) were tested: mild steel WF (MSWF-1) and stainless steel WF (SSWF-1). We determined their total chemical composition, their solubility, and their oxidative potential in a phosphate buffer (PB) solution under physiological conditions (pH 7.4 and 37 °C). The oxidative potential (OPDTT) of WF CRMs was evaluated using an acellular method by following the dithiothreitol (DTT) consumption rate (µmol DTT L−1 min−1). Pure metal salts present in the PB soluble fraction of the WF CRMs were tested individually at equivalent molarity to estimate their specific contribution to the total OPDTT. The metal composition of MSWF-1 consisted mainly of Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu and the SSWF-1 composition consisted mainly of Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn, in diminishing order. The metal PB solubility decreased from Cu (11%) to Fe (approximately 0.2%) for MSWF-1 and from Mn (9%) to Fe (<1%) for SSWF-1. The total OPDTT of SSWF-1 is 2.2 times the OPDTT of MSWF-1 due to the difference in oxidative capacity of soluble transition metals. Cu (II) and Mn (II) are the most sensitive towards DTT while Cr (VI), Fe (III), and Zn (II) are barely reactive, even at higher concentrations. The OPDTT measured for both WF CRMs extracts compare well with simulated extracts containing the main metals at their respective PB-soluble concentrations. The most soluble transition metals in the simulated extract, Mn (II) and Cu (II), were the main contributors to OPDTT in WF CRMs extracts. Mn (II), Cu (II), and Ni (II) might enhance the DTT oxidation by a redox catalytic reaction. However, summing the main individual soluble metal DTT response induces a large overestimation probably linked to modifications in the speciation of various metals when mixed. The complexation of metals with different ligands present in solution and the interaction between metals in the PB-soluble fraction are important phenomena that can influence OPDTT depletion and therefore the potential health effect of inhaled WF.

scholarly journals Increasing Incidence and Prevalence of Pathologic Hemoglobinopathies Among Children in Ontario, Canada from 1991-2013

Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 4698-4698
Author(s):  
Ewurabena Simpson ◽  
Robert J Klaassen ◽  
Pranesh Chakraborty ◽  
Beth Potter ◽  
Melanie Ann Kirby-Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Advisory Board ◽  
Crude Incidence ◽  
Health Administrative Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reference Cohort

Abstract Background: In Ontario, Canada's largest province, population-based health administrative data represents an accessible and useful tool for population surveillance of people with chronic diseases. While hemoglobinopathies can be identified using data from universal hemoglobinopathy screening, which was implemented in November 2006, these data would not contain information on affected immigrants (21.9% of the population). We validated algorithms using provincial health administrative data and newborn screening data to identify children with hemoglobinopathies whether or not they were born in Ontario, thereby creating a population-based surveillance cohort. Objectives: (1) Validate algorithms to identify children with sickle cell disease, thalassemia and other hemoglobinopathies from within health administrative data; and (2) Determine incidence and prevalence of hemoglobinopathies in Ontario children. Methods: For the validation study, a positive reference cohort was established using lists of known hemoglobinopathy patients who were followed at five pediatric hemoglobinopathy treatment sites in Ontario and born between November 24, 2006 and March 31, 2013. Health card numbers of these patients were linked deterministically to unique identification numbers in administrative data, which included data on hospitalizations, physician claims, sociodemographic characteristics, immigration records and cause of death. The negative reference cohort included all children residing in Ontario cities who had never been seen at a hemoglobinopathy centre, and therefore assumed not to have disease. Various combinations of administrative data codes were tested for their ability to identify children <18 years of age with hemoglobinopathies from within the databases, and we selected the algorithms with the highest positive predictive value, while maintaining sensitivity >80%. Using two validated algorithms, we identified all children with hemoglobinopathies born between April 1, 1991 and March 31, 2013. We described the crude incidence and prevalence per 100,000 patient-years (PYs). Results: Two algorithms functioned best to identify incident and prevalent hemoglobinopathy cases (see Table). Among children born between April 1, 1991 to March 31, 2013, 1526 incident hemoglobinopathy patients were identified using Algorithm 1 (crude incidence of 4.85 per 100,000 PYs) and 1660 new hemoglobinopathy patients were identified using Algorithm 2 (crude incidence 5.28 per 100,000 PYs, 95% CI 3.51 to 3.92). In 2013, the overall prevalence of children <18 years living with hemoglobinopathies was 1215-1325 cases. Conclusion: Through an innovative approach using provincial health administrative, immigration and demographic data, this study identified a rising incidence and prevalence of hemoglobinopathies among Ontario children <18 years of age between April 1, 1991 and March 31, 2013, potentially due to increased immigration rates. These findings could be used to inform health services distribution. This surveillance cohort will be used to understand the impact of immigration status on health care inequality for hemoglobinopathy-related health services delivery, as well as to assess outcomes in this important group of chronic diseases. Disclosures Klaassen: Amgen Inc.: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Octapharma AG: Consultancy, Honoraria; Agios Pharmaceuticals Inc.: Consultancy; Novartis: Research Funding; Hoffman-La Roche: Consultancy; Shire: Consultancy; Cangene: Research Funding. Jardine:Pfizer: Other: Advisory board; Bayer: Other: Advisory board; Baxalta: Other: Advisory board.

scholarly journals Self Health Assessments as per Family/Household Health Survey 2017: Exploring new avenues to improve health and health reporting in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asharaf Abdul Salam
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Saudi Population ◽  
Family Household ◽  
Health Assessments ◽  
Medical Examinations

Abstract Background: Public health data for dissemination and discussion in Saudi Arabia are limited but the new initiatives of General Authority of Statistics creates many national surveys. One of the most recent one, the Family/Household Health Survey - 2017 aims to fill the gaps in health information data on many population and health indicators. This research aims at appraising the self-assessed health and to examine age-sex and geographic differentials and the probable interconnections with chronic diseases, injuries and periodic examinations.Data and Methods: The National Family/Household Health Survey conducted in October-December, 2017 covered both Saudi and non-Saudi households from 13 administrative areas through a random sample procedure involving primary sampling units and secondary sampling units. A portion of the published data on self-assessment of health, chronic diseases, injuries, and periodic medical examinations were analyzed.Results: More than half of the persons in the Kingdom, reportedly, are in good health; more so among females than males: their proportions decreased with age up to 40 years and thereafter increased sharply. However, the major regions have lesser proportion of good health people than the others. On the contrary, the prevalence of chronic diseases increases with age, in both general and Saudi population, but with variations across specific diseases – hypertension, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases: there are pertinent geographic differentials. On the other hand, there are injuries (from traffic accidents and others) occurred at house, work/school, public place, and other places; pertinent with geographic variations. Moreover, age, sex, and regional differences in periodic health examinations have a contributing effect on health assessments. Moreover, the median age shows a pattern resembling adults assessing good health; chronic diseases after 50s; injuries before 40s; periodic medical examinations in 50s; with females at a lower age, both in general and Saudi population. Discussions and Conclusions: The national health system played an important role not only in health status and health assessments but also in building confidence and trust and thereby enhancing optimism, realism, recognition, self-awareness, and acceptance of physical condition. Thus, age, sex, and regional variations in health assessment are born out of chronic diseases, injuries, and periodic medical examinations and also of expectations and experiences. Generation of such information, effective dissemination, and regular discussions at various levels followed by in-depth analyses raise health and health care.

scholarly journals Three-year dynamics of the health status of students in bimester organization of the academic year

2017 ◽  
pp. 29-31
Author(s):  
I.K. Rapoport ◽  
O.S. Panina ◽  
V.V. Chubarovsky ◽  
S.B. Sokolova ◽  
A.V. Danova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Psychosomatic Disorders ◽  
Primary School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
School Year ◽  
Moscow City ◽  
The University ◽  
Medical Examinations ◽  
Academic Year

New bimester model of academic year organization has been implemented at the University school (USH) of Moscow City University (MGPU). It consists of 6–7-week sessions with a two-week vacation. The change in the structure of the educational process is aimed at preventing fatigue of students, psychosomatic disorders and chronic diseases. The comprehensive medical examinations of primary school students have been conducted for 3 years in USH, at the beginning and at the end of the school year. It is estimated that for the period of longitudinal observation the prevalence of chronic diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders did not increase among students.

scholarly journals ADMINISTRATIVE RULES OF ADMISSION OF MIGRANTS FOR WORK IN DECREED PROFESSIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 646-651
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Voronkova
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Immigration Laws ◽  
Work Permit ◽  
Consumer Services ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Medical Examinations

In the article there are considered questions of legal regulation of the admission of foreign nationals (or individuals without nationality) to work in decreed professions in the Russian Federation. To date migration processes are shown to affect not only the demographic situation in our country, but the level of infectious diseases rates, especially in large cities. The health status of the population depends directly on the literacy level of workers in various industries, especially decreed contingents of high epidemiological risk. It is noted that along with the medical examination of foreign citizens (persons without citizenship) for issuance of a work permit or a patent in the Russian Federation in the framework of the immigration laws in Bodies of internal. Affairs, the law provides for obligatory preliminary and periodic medical examinations for certain types of work with registration of personal medical books, the passage of professional hygienic preparation and certification. These kinds of economic activities include organizations associated with the production, storage, transportation and sale of food products and drinking water, the upbringing and education of children, municipal and consumer services. There are considered provisions of the main legal acts in the volume of medical examinations and obligatory knowledge of Russian for obtaining the work permit of migrants. There are identified key organizational-legal and methodological and problematic aspects that require coordination of activities of state structures and functioning of enterprises. The training of the special contingent is noted to contribute to the improvement of medical-hygienic knowledge among foreign citizens and the population, prevention of infectious diseases, the formation of understanding the need for positive changes in lifestyle, and support the desire to change, contributes to the creation of appropriate motivation in relation to their health, development of skills of a healthy lifestyle. There are analyzed issues of the awareness of employees about the necessity of medical prevention, including healthy lifestyle, the main causes of non-compliance of legislation.

Sub-Index Derivation of Welding Health-Hazard Index (WHI) for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia

2012 ◽  
Vol 229-231 ◽  
pp. 2546-2550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azian Hariri ◽  
Mohammad Zainal M. Yusof ◽  
Abdul Mutalib Leman
Keyword(s):  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Welding Fumes ◽  
Aggregation Factor ◽  
Medium Enterprises

Malaysia is a developing nation and the manufacturing sector is the major contributor to the Malaysian economy. In the year 2009, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) contribute to 28,840 establishments which represented 94.2 percent of the total establishments in the manufacturing sector in Malaysia. Welding is a common industrial process in manufacturing sector that has both acute and long term chronic hazards mainly from the inhalable welding fumes. Welding fumes assessment in SMEs welding workplace is essential in order to ensure the minimum level of exposure is maintained as required by the prevailing standards. However, providing concentration or emission information alone is insufficient and meaningless to the workers and company management. There is an urgent need to develop an index which served as a ranking tool in comparing environmental condition at different location and to simplify complex health hazard issues of welding fumes that can be comprehended easily by the workers and company management. Preliminary ideas on the derivation of the sub-index from rating of health effect, mixture hazard, doses and weightage of metal fumes element were outlined in this paper. At the end of this paper, future works regarding aggregation factor and verification of the index were also discussed.

Methodological approaches to identifying markers of alcohol abuse in employees according to medical examination

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
Oleg O. Salagai ◽  
Evgenij A. Bryun ◽  
Igor V. Bukhtiyarov ◽  
Lyudmila P. Kuzmina ◽  
Roman V. Vlasovskikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Chronic Alcohol ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Medical Examinations

Introduction. The diagnosis and appointment of adequate therapy for both alcohol dependence syndrome and somatic pathology of alcoholic origin often depends on the timely establishment of the fact of alcohol abuse, for example, during periodic medical examinations, since most patients either deny the use of alcohol, or significantly underestimate its amount. The aim of the study is to develop a methodology for the objective identification of individuals with risk factors for harmful alcohol consumption that contribute to the development of pathological conditions and diseases that increase the likelihood of developing chronic non-communicable diseases. Materials and methods. Within the framework of the study, 204 people (162 men, 42 women) working in various types of economic activities, aged from 18 to 65 years, were surveyed. All patients were sent to the clinic FSBSI "Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health" to pre-or periodic inspections in the order of the health Ministry of Russia from 12.04.2011 No. 302n (ed. by 18.05.2020). All the examined patients underwent a biochemical blood test: carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT), gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Also, all the surveyed were conducted a questionnaire aimed at identifying alcoholism. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out using the program STATISTICA 13.2 (Stat Soft Inc., USA). Results. The study of the CDT content in the blood serum of the examined patients revealed an increase above the reference values in 10%, while 7% of the examined patients regularly consumed alcohol during the last 2 weeks (CDT≥2.5%), 3% - consumed moderately (CDT1,2-2,4%). The correlation analysis showed a moderate positive correlation between the results of the questionnaire and the CDT content in the blood serum (r=0.24, p=0.002 with the question about the use of 6 or more doses at a time and r=0.30, p=0.0001 with the total score). Conclusion. The most informative marker of chronic alcohol use is the definition of CDT in combination with a questionnaire aimed at identifying alcoholism. The use of these markers during periodic and preliminary medical examinations can allow a high degree of confidence to identify persons who are prone to chronic alcohol consumption in order to carry out preventive measures and prevent them from working with various sources of increased danger, including work related to the management of vehicles.

scholarly journals Methodology of the north of russia transport and technological multimodal system efficiency and reliability improvement

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
N. A. Filippova ◽  
V. M. Vlasov
Keyword(s):  
Production Management ◽  
Process Management ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Transportation Organization

Research in the field of the developed theoretical and methodological provisions and scientific methods application which have a universal character in the cargo delivery by all means of transport and improving the reliability of transportation by reducing risks in the North of Russia is being carried out. This research corresponds to the "Arctic" program which was adopted by the government of Russia. The application of the modern means of mobile communication, satellite navigation, Geo-informatics, information technology is an important condition for the improvement of economic activities production  management of transport companies involved in the delivery of goods to the Northern regions of Russia. Currently, process management of the cargo transportation to the Northern regions of the Russian Federation is at a low technological level, modern technical means and mathematical methods for optimizing the process are not used, the influence of climatic conditions on the process of Northern delivery goods transportation is poorly studied. On the basis of factor analysis with the use of systematic approach and the method of statistical modeling, measures for reducing risks in the essential goods transportation organization and management which appear in multimodal goods transportation and technological process to the North of Russia according to the requirements of GOST R 51901.1-2002 are determined. This made it possible to increase the reliability of the Northern delivery processes by  10–15 percent. According to the experts of the LLC "Shipping company "Vitim-Les" of Kirensk the developed method of calculating the upper beginning and ending ice phenomena confidence time limit  while planning the transportation of goods of Northern delivery allowed to reduce the transportation time by 10–15%.

The competitiveness of industry in the northern regions of Russia: from profits to people

2021 ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Maxim Styrov
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Interregional Disparities ◽  
Regions Of Russia

The article presents a new approach to assessing the competitiveness of economic activities. The author proposes a calculation of all the main indicators per employee in order to analyze the internal integrity of the economic system. The homogeneity of economic subsystems is analyzed in a new dynamics through the coefficient of variation in three aspects - interregional, interindustry and between indicators. On the example of the industry of the northern regions of Russia, ultra-high intersectoral and interregional disparities are revealed. The thesis is put forward about the need to overcome the existing problems.

Main directions for research on the development of tribotechnical composites used in the Arctic regions (On the experience of North-Eastern Federal University in Yakutsk)

2019 ◽  
pp. 124-134
Author(s):  
A. A. Okhlopkova ◽  
S. A. Sleptsova ◽  
P. G. Nikiforova ◽  
T. S. Struchkova ◽  
T. A. Okhlopkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Material Science ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Physical Processing ◽  
The Creation

Material science studies the relationship between materials structure and properties and its changes under external influence, and belongs to the priority domains of science and technology. The creation of new materials and also its performance improvement, efficient technologies for their processing is the main goal of material science. Today a substantial number of new metal alloys with special properties, different composites, ceramics, polymers, nanostructured functional powder and synthetic superhard materials, multifunctional coatings, etc. have been designed for various economic activities. But the creation of materials and technologies remains an urgent need, because of the progressive development of manufacturing which requires adaptive materials properties and technologies for their processing. This review analyzesAmmosovNorth-EasternFederalUniversity research directions in the field of tribotechnical materials for use in the Arctic regions. Main areas of research are identified, such as developing of polymer composite materials (PCM) production and improving their performance properties. The prospects of physical processing and chemical modification of the polymer matrix surface are shown. Physicomechanical and tribotechnical properties of antifrictional PCM are discussed. The results of the main theoretical generalizations in the field of analysis of PСM supramolecular structures are presented: 1) effects of critical filler concentrations on the structure and properties of PCM; 2) hypothesis of the nature of intermolecular interaction between the filler and the polymer. The modern tendencies of scientific investigation are shown, namely tribooxidative processes in PCM. The specific development of scientific knowledge and the use of polymers for the northern regions are revealed.

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