scholarly journals CLINICALEVALUATION OF ORAL CAVITYSTATUS IN PATIENTS WITH KERATINIZATION D

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Svetlana Gazhva ◽  
Yulia Ibragimova ◽  
Valentina Ryabova ◽  
Natalia Kamodskaya ◽  
Yulia Gazhva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Optical Images ◽  
Screening Algorithm ◽  
Relative Specificity ◽  
Autofluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Examination Methods ◽  
Keratinization Disorders

Pathological processes associated with disturbed keratinization and risks of cancer tend to become more common and affect younger people. However, the currently available diagnostic methods are not always reliable, which explains the need to further study this. The aim of the study was to improve the efficiency of early diagnosis of keratoses of the oral cavity under autofluorescence spectroscopy incorporated into the proposed screening algorithm. The examination methods involved clinical, luminescent, analytical, statistical evaluation. The study allowed obtaining optical images through autofluorescence stomatoscopy in patients with keratinization disorders, identifying their color range within affected and healthy tissues, as well as confirming their reliability employing the Color Spatioplotter ver 2.46 software. The tested autofluorescent stomatoscopy method featured sufficient sensitivity (98%) against relative specificity (75%), with prediction of a positive outcome (100%).

The Physician’s Task and the Problem of Documentation

1964 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Proppe
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Lupus Vulgaris ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Clinical Methods ◽  
Corpus Hippocraticum ◽  
High Degree

SummaryCase histories suitable for statistical evaluation can be found even as far back as in the Corpus Hippocraticum. Such simple data as the patient’s age, body weight, size, the date of menarche, etc. are practically always included in the case records, and it is demonstrated that, when such data are recorded in a system of documentation suitable for mechanical sorting, it may enable us to draw conclusions of very great importance. Mechanical registration methods have revealed that, in the determination and recording of data as hitherto carried out. there has been a surprisingly large number of errors and a high degree of unreliability. This view has a considerable influence on modern clinical methods; it renders a more democratic relation between physician and patient necessary and makes clear the need for measures to enhance the reliability of diagnosis and treatment of pathological conditions. The author illustrates this view with reference to the mechanical falsification of the thesis of the proneness of early age groups to lupus vulgaris, furthermore with reference to the mechanical rationalization of modern routine diagnostic methods, to the constant surveillance of adverse effects on public health and to the protection against allergic reactions with the aid of recording systems of personal allergy and intolerance data with mechanical sorting and computer techniques.

DIAGNÓSTICO PRECOCE DE HANSENÍASE E AÇÕES ESTRATÉGICAS PARA A SUA DETECÇÃO

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Inês Stafin ◽  
Virgílio Ribeiro Guedes ◽  
Seyna Ueno Rabelo Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Strategic Actions ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Grade Ii

RESUMO Introdução: O diagnóstico da hanseníase ainda causa grande impacto social, tanto por ser frequentemente tardio e evoluir com sequelas, quanto pelos estigmas que a envolvem. O Brasil persiste como uma área endêmica e possui o segundo lugar em número de casos da doença no mundo. Já o Tocantins é um dos estados com maior endemicidade no país, com um aumento importante no número de diagnósticos em menores de 15 anos e no número de pessoas diagnosticadas com incapacidade grau II. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura do tipo narrativa, realizada por meio de publicações sobre as ações estratégicas para o diagnóstico precoce de hanseníase, entre o período de 2012 a 2017. Desenvolvimento: A situação atual da hanseníase demonstra a persistência da transmissão, a carência de ações para o seu controle efetivo, a sub detecção e um diagnóstico tardio dessa patologia. O presente artigo aborda as principais ações estratégicas para a realização do diagnóstico precoce da hanseníase, bem como os métodos diagnósticos importantes, proporcionando um maior auxílio aos profissionais de saúde da atenção primária. Considerações finais: Para que se amplie o diagnóstico precoce de forma adequada é essencial a busca e avaliação dos contatos, a qualificação adequada dos profissionais de saúde, a educação em saúde da população e a participação ativa dos gestores.   Palavras-chave: Hanseníase; diagnóstico precoce; estratégias; atenção primária. ABSTRACT Introduction: The diagnosis of leprosy still causes great social impact, both because it is often late and evolves with sequelae, and because of the stigmas that surround it. Brazil persists as an endemic area and has the second largest number of cases of the disease in the world. The state of Tocantins represents one of the areas with high endemicity in the country, with a significant increase in the number of diagnoses in children under 15 years and in the number of people diagnosed with disability grade II. Methodology: This is a literature review of the narrative type, carried out through publications on strategic actions for the early diagnosis of leprosy, between the period of 2012 to 2017. Development: The current situation of leprosy shows the persistence of transmission, lack of actions for effective control, sub detection and a late diagnosis of this pathology. This article discusses the main strategic actions for the early diagnosis of leprosy, as well as the important diagnostic methods, providing greater assistance to primary health care professionals. Final considerations: In order to increase the early diagnosis in an adequate way, it is essential the search and evaluation of contacts, the adequate qualification of health professionals, the health education of the population and the participation of managers. Keywords: Leprosy; early diagnosis; strategies; primary care.

Characteristics of examination algorithm of patients with chronic trauma of the oral mucosa using tissue autofluorescence spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-169
Author(s):  
V. A. Gordeeva ◽  
I. V. Kulik ◽  
E. A. Khromova ◽  
A. L. Rubezhov ◽  
M. V. Gordeeva
Keyword(s):  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Trauma ◽  
Autofluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Risk Zones ◽  
Cancerous Lesions ◽  
Group 5

Relevance. The paper demonstrates the need to implement modern diagnostic techniques for diagnosis of precancerous and cancerous lesions at early or preclinical stages. Additional diagnostic methods are necessary, e.g. tissue autofluorescence, which allows revealing insidious pathological risk zones, particularly precancerous and cancerous lesions, to evaluate the condition of the oral tissues in patients with chronic oral mucosa disorders, especially caused by trauma. Purpose – to assess trauma-specific effectiveness of autofluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) in risk group patients with chronic trauma of the oral mucosa to reveal early malignization signs.Materials and methods. 25 subjects were selected for the study and divided into 2 groups: main group – 20 patients with different manifestations of chronic oral mucosa trauma; control group – 5 subjects without visible clinical manifestations and without oral trauma factors. Autofluorescence spectroscopy was performed in both groups using AFS-400 stomatoscope.Results. The received data demonstrated that the change in autofluorescence doesn’t allow drawing final conclusions on the presence or absence of chronic oral trauma malignization signs.Conclusion. AFS-400 stomatoscope may be effective in differentiating between healthy and damaged tissues, but there is no solid evidence that the change in fluorescence shade can help differentiate between various types of damaged tissues. Autofluorescence spectroscopy should be considered as an additional method for examination of patients with chronic oral mucosa trauma to reveal early malignization signs.

scholarly journals MODERN APPROACHES TO EARLY RADIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF BONE AND CEREBRAL METASTASES OF PERIPHERAL NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER

2019 ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
A. V. Laryukov ◽  
E. K. Laryukova ◽  
M. K. Mikhailov
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Cerebral Metastases ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Wide Range

Objective:сonstructive principles development of early diagnosis of bone and cerebral metastases of peripheral non-small cell lung cancer (PNSCLC), is based on the targeted preventive and personalized application of radiological and nuclear diagnostic methods.Materials and methods.There was performed the retrospective analysis of medical cards of 1473 patients with peripheral non-small cell lung cancer for the evaluation of the characteristics and frequency of bones and brain metastases. The frequency and features of bone and brain metastases depending on clinical and morphological features of the primary lung tumor were studied. 118 patients with PNSCLC with bone and brain metastases, regardless of clinical symptoms, were examined using a wide range of modern radiological and nuclear methods.Conclusion:the original algorithm has been developed on the study of the diagnostic significance of medical imaging methods. The application of this algorithm will significantly improve the early diagnosis of bone and cerebral metastases and improve the staging of PNSCLC.

Fetal growth restriction: unresolved issues of risk stratification, early diagnosis, and obstetric management

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 76-86
Author(s):  
N.M. Podzolkova ◽  
◽  
Yu.V. Denisova ◽  
M.Yu. Skvortsova ◽  
T.V. Denisova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Obstetric Management ◽  
Language Literature

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) refers to pregnancy complications associated with an increased risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality and is defined in the Russian-language literature as the fetal size and weight retardation in relation to the norm for a given gestational age, and in the English-language literature – as the inability of the fetus to realize its genetically determined growth potential. FGR is the cause of 43% of stillbirths of unspecified etiology, and some cases remain undiagnosed even in high-risk populations due to the lack of universal diagnostic standards for this pathology. The review presents a critical analysis of the existing definitions of FGR, the latest data on risk factors, an assessment of diagnostic methods for its early and late forms, the prospects of using biomarkers and instrumental methods of examination in predicting adverse perinatal outcomes, and an algorithm for the management of pregnancy complicated by FGR. For a more complete coverage of the literature and deeper understanding of the nosology, attention is focused on FGR that is not accompanied by preeclampsia and other hypertensive disorders, which occur in about 30% of cases. Key words: placental insufficiency, fetometry, percentile, pulsatility index, fetal growth restriction For citation: Podzolkova N.M., Denisova Yu.V., Skvortsova M.Yu., Denisova T.V., Shovgenova D.S. Fetal growth restriction: unresolved issues of risk stratification, early diagnosis, and obstetric management. Vopr. ginekol. akus. perinatol. (Gynecology, Obstetrics and Perinatology). 2021; 20(5): 76–86. (In Russian). DOI: 10.20953/1726-1678-2021-5-76-86

THE IMPORTANCE OF ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME IN DEVELOPED CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES ON THE BACKGROUND OF SYSTEMATIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASES

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
O. Ya. Bustanov ◽  
◽  
Yu. N. Madjidova ◽  
N. A. Nasirdinova ◽  
O. B. Kuchkarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Antiphospholipid Syndrome ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disorders ◽  
Connective Tissue Diseases ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Methods

The article developed criteria for early diagnosis of cerebrovascular disorders, one of the complications of antiphospholipid syndrome in patients with systemic connective tissue, and proposed diagnostic methods to prevent this process’s exacerbationand developsevere irreversible complications. This will help stop the development of antiphospholipid syndrome from the urgent problems of modern medicine and manage the effectiveness of treatmentand improve patients’quality of life.Keywords:cerebrovascular pathology, rheumatic diseases, antiphospholipid syndrome, anticardiolipid antibodies

scholarly journals Applications of Nanomaterials for Theranostics of Melanoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-55
Author(s):  
Guanqiao Jin ◽  
Pohlee Cheah ◽  
Jing Qu ◽  
Lijuan Liu ◽  
Yongfeng Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Therapeutic Drug

Melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer with a very high mortality rate. Early diagnosis of the disease, the utilization of more potent pharmacological agents, and more effective drug delivery systems are essential to achieve an optimal treatment plan. The applications of nanotechnology to improve therapeutic efficacy and early diagnosis for melanoma treatment have received great interest among researchers and clinicians. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of utilizing various nanomaterials for theranostics of melanoma. The key importance of using nanomaterials for theranostics of melanoma is to improve efficacy and reduce side effects, ensuring safe implementation in clinical use. As opposed to conventional in vitro diagnostic methods, in vivo medical imaging technologies have the advantages of being a type of non-invasive, real-time monitoring. Several common nanoparticles, including ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, silica nanoparticles, and carbon-based nanoparticles, have been applied to deliver chemotherapeutic agents for the theranostics of melanoma. The application of nanomaterials for theranostics in molecular imaging (MRI, PET, US, OI, etc.) plays an important role in targeting drug delivery of melanoma, by monitoring the distribution site of the molecular imaging probe and the therapeutic drug in the body in real-time. Hence, it is worthwhile to anticipate the approval of these nanomaterials for theranostics in molecular imaging by the US Food and Drug Administration in clinical trials.

scholarly journals P423 NF-kB as a prognostic marker of response to biologic therapy in children with IBD

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S386-S387
Author(s):  
T Radigina ◽  
A Illarionov ◽  
D Kuptsova ◽  
A Potapov ◽  
S Petrichuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nk Cells ◽  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Biologic Therapy ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Innate And Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Tnf Blockers ◽  
Patient Status ◽  
Endoscopic Remission ◽  
Lymphocyte Populations

Abstract Background The transcription factor NF-kB is a regulator of innate and adaptive immunity through the activation of various pro and anti-inflammatory mediators. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of changes in the level of NF-kB translocation in lymphocyte populations in response to infusion of TNF blockers in children with IBD. Methods There were examined 44 children with IBD (27-CD, 17-UC) and 20 conditionally healthy children aged 3–18 years. Patient status (exacerbation, remission) was assessed by the PUCAI (UC) and PCDIA (CD) indices. There were determined the percentage of cells with NF-kB translocation in populations CD3+CD4+ (Th), CD3+CD8+(Tc), CD3-CD19+ (B cells), CD3-CD16 / 56+(NK cells), CD3+CD4+CD161+ (Th17), CD3+CD4+CD25highCD127low (Tregs) with NF-kB translocation kit using flow cytometry ImageStreamX MKII (Amnis) before infusion of TNF blockers (infliximab, adalimumab), one day after infusion and after 6 months therapy. Statistical evaluation was performed using a nonparametric Mann–Whitney test. The results are presented as the median per cent of cells with NF-kB translocation (Me [Q 0.25-Q 0.75]). Results It was observed an increased level of NF-kB translocation in B-lymphocytes (Me 64 [53–81] – Me 38 [33–45]; p = 6 × 10−5), NK cells (Me 40 [33 -55] – Me 21 [18–26]; p = 4x10-4), Tc (Me 20 [15–24] – Me 16 [13–17]; p = 0.03), Th17 (Me 23 [21–28] – Me 18 [16–19]; p = 0.005) in children with exacerbation compared with remission. The level of NF-kB translocation in populations of lymphocytes during the period of clinical endoscopic remission did not differ from conditionally healthy children. The correlation between the level of NF-kB translocation and the number of cells in the studied lymphocyte populations was not found. In children with IBD after infusion of TNF blockers, a decrease the level of NF-kB translocation in NK cells was observed (Me 27.3 [23.5–39.1] – Me 17.7 [16.5–26.5]; p = 0,03) and an increase in Tregs (Me 18.9 [16.91–20.8] – Me 26.9 [19.4–31.9]; p = 0.0015). Conclusion The level of NF-kB translocation reflects the functional activity of major and small populations of lymphocytes. An increase in activity of Tregs in response to the administration of TNF blockers allows predicting a positive outcome from therapy over the next 6 months. If there is no Tregs reaction in response to the administration of TNF blockers, treatment tactics should be reassessed.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSTIC TACTICS FOR TRAUMATIC INJURIES OF THE SPLEEN

2020 ◽  
pp. 155-159
Author(s):  
M. M. Belous
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Information Content ◽  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Examination Methods ◽  
Minimally Invasive Methods

Summary. Purpose. Having based on the determination of the degree of effectiveness and information content of the diagnostic methods for traumatic injuries of the spleen, to analyze the results of the instrumental diagnostic methods to create an algorithm for diagnostic and treatment tactics. Materials and methods: 355 victims were hospitalized with traumatic injuries of the spleen. Of these, physical and laboratory diagnostic methods were used in 100 % of cases, laparoscopy — 245 patients (69 %), laparocentesis — 21 (6 %), laparotomy —- 75 (21 %), ultrasound — 199 (56 %), x-ray — 67 (19 %), CT — 7 (2 %). Research results and discussion.The most informative diagnostic method is laparotomy. Of minimally invasive methods — laparoscopy, and of non-invasive methods — ultrasound. Conclusions. For successful recognition of spleen damage, it is necessary to use complex examination methods, depending on the indication developed for them, that significantly reduces the duration of the diagnostic phase.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF ORTHOPEDIC TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH DEFECTS OF HARD TISSUES OF DENTS AND DENTAL SERIES USING DIGITAL FUNCTIONAL METHODS

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
Aleksey Rogozhnikov
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Orthopedic Treatment ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Functional Methods ◽  
Hard Tissues ◽  
The Status ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Examination Methods ◽  
Functional Examination

Subject. The current level of development of dentistry requires the use of an algorithm for diagnosis, monitoring and quality control of orthopedic treatment of patients using functional research methods, planning and manufacturing of dental prosthesis designs based on digital technologies. The goal is to develop an algorithm for orthopedic treatment of patients with defects in the hard tissues of teeth and dentitions using digital functional examination methods. Methodology. Clinical data are based on the results of orthopedic treatment of two groups of patients with defects in the hard tissues of teeth and dentitions. The main group consisted of 129 people, whose diagnostic and treatment complex had an extended instrumental clinical and functional analysis of static and dynamic ratios of teeth and jaws, and orthopedic treatment was carried out according to an improved CAD/CAM protocol. Comparison group ― 147 people, comprehensive dental diagnostics and prosthetic treatment carried out using the standard CAD/CAM technique. Results. Using in-depth functional diagnostics of the dento-jaw system based on digital technologies, a comprehensive assessment of the status of the dental status of the examined patients is given, an algorithm for their comprehensive diagnosis and treatment is developed, indications for their prosthetics in the usual occlusion or in the central ratio of the jaws are specified. The production of fixed anatomical structures of dentures has been optimized by improving the methodology for modeling their masticatory surfaces using the Hint-Els CAD/CAM system. Conclusions. Analysis of the examination results and monitoring of the stages of orthopedic treatment of patients testifies to the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and advanced CAD/CAM technology. The developed indications for the replacement of defects in the hard tissues of teeth and dentitions are determined as the result of many years of research that can achieve practical results ― increasing the effectiveness of their treatment using digital functional diagnostic methods and orthopedic treatment.

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