Oikos/Polis Conflict

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-496
Author(s):  
Zeenath Kausar
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Western Society ◽  
The Third ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Church ◽  
Radical School

Conflict has been an inescapable phenomenon of Western society,particularly since the sixteenth century. If the era of the medieval West ischaracterized by the conflict between Pope and Emperor, which eventuallygave rise to modem nation-states, the postmodem era may rightly bedescribed as one of conflict between family and state.The postmodem conflict can be traced back to the oikos/polis conflictgenerated by Western political thought, which originated from Greekmisogyny. In the same way the church was overthrown in the conflict inthe medieval era, the family is being overthrown in the postmodern era bythe neo-Marxist radical school of postmodern feminism, which is alsocalled gender feminism.Quite contrary to gender feminists, contemporary Islamic revivalistsfind no conflict between the two institutions of family and state. They givedue recognition to both institutions and consider them as complementary toone another. This is quite observable in their views and activities in the areaof women’s issues, particularly that of women’s political participation.The aim of this paper is to examine the debate on women’s politicalparticipation between gender feminists and contemporary Islamic revivalists.The paper shall demonstrate how gender feminists prefer women’spolitical participation at the cost of deconstructing gender and family. Thecontemporary Islamic revivalists, however, support and encouragewomen’s political participation-but not at the expense of family and thedistinct identity of woman.The paper is divided into three parts. In the first and second parts, thearguments of gender feminists and contemporary Islamic revivalists onwomen’s political participation shall be analyzed. The third part shall identifyand discuss the differences between them. It is followed by a briefconclusion ...

‘The healthe of my soule’

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Clark
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Kinship Relations ◽  
Royal Supremacy ◽  
The Church

Throughout the sixteenth century and beyond, the Howards are usually described as religiously ‘conservative’, resisting the reformist impulse of the Reformation while conforming to the royal supremacy over the Church. The women of the family have played little part in this characterization, yet they too lived through the earliest stages of the Reformation. This chapter shows that what we see is not a family following the lead of its patriarch in religious matters at this early stage of the Reformation, but that this did not stop them maintaining strong kinship relations across the shifting religious spectrum.

scholarly journals Stratigraphy of the wall paintings in the main church of the Praskvica Monastery

Zograf ◽  
2014 ◽  
pp. 153-163
Author(s):  
Dragan Vojvodic
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Wall Painting ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stylistic Analysis ◽  
Wall Paintings ◽  
The West ◽  
The Third ◽  
Technical Features ◽  
The Church

In the katholikon of the monastery of Praskvica there are remains of two layers of post-Byzantine wall-painting: the earlier, from the third quarter of the sixteenth century, and later, from the first half of the seventeenth century, which is the conclusion based on stylistic analysis and technical features. The portions of frescoes belonging to one or the other layer can be clearly distinguished from one another and the content of the surviving representations read more thoroughly than before. It seems that the remains of wall-painting on what originally was the west facade of the church also belong to the earlier layer. It is possible that the church was not frescoed in the lifetime of its ktetor, Balsa III Balsic.

scholarly journals COUNSELS OF PERFECTION AND REFORMATION POLITICAL THOUGHT

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-330
Author(s):  
SARAH MORTIMER
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ethical Thought ◽  
Good Works ◽  
Reformation Theology ◽  
The Status ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Theological Critique ◽  
The Church

AbstractThe debate over counsels of perfection was a crucial aspect of the formation of political and ethical thought in the sixteenth century. It led both Protestants and Catholics to consider the status of law and to consider how far it obliged human beings, rather than simply permitting particular actions. From Luther onwards, Protestants came to see God's standards for human beings in absolute terms, rejecting any suggestion that there were good works which were merely counselled rather than commanded, and therefore not obligatory. This view of ethics underpinned the Protestant theological critique of Catholic doctrines of merit but it also shaped the distinctively Protestant account of natural law. It enabled Luther and his allies to defend magisterial control over the church, and it also formed a crucial element of Protestant resistance theory. By examining the Lutheran position on counsels, expressed in theological and political writings, and comparing it with contemporary Catholic accounts, this article offers a new perspective on Reformation theology and political thought.

The Misfortunes of William, Fourth Lord Petre (1638–1655)

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Clay
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Income ◽  
The West ◽  
The Third ◽  
South West ◽  
Secretary Of State ◽  
The Family ◽  
Large Estate

The Lords Petre were always one of the most prominent of English Catholic families, and they were also one of the richest. Their landed estates had been built up in the middle of the sixteenth century by Sir William Petre, Secretary of State to three Tudor sovereigns. Sir William's son, John, was created a Baron in 1611, but in the early 17th century the family properties ceased to grow in size, partly because Catholicism excluded them from the profits of office, and partly because provision for younger sons offset such new acquisitions as were made. But even so the estates inherited by the third Lord Petre in 1637 were large enough to place him clearly in the ranks of the great landed magnates. In Essex he had a well-consolidated belt of land lying to the west and south-west of Chelmsford, and centred on the two family residences of Ingatestone Hall and Thorndon Hall. Altogether in Essex Petre had about 11,000 acres of freehold land and the lordship of seventeen manors, and these produced some £5,500 per annum or considerably more than half his total income from land. In addition he had a large estate on the opposite side of the country, in Devon. This lay in two distinct areas, one centred on Axminster and extending down the Axe valley and its tributaries, and the other in the southerly projection of the county on the southern edge of Dartmoor, where the principal possession was the vast moorland manor of South Brent. Besides the main estates in Essex and Devon, there were some isolated properties: the manor of Osmington down on the Dorset coast; Toddenham and Sutton in Gloucestershire; Kennett and Kentford on the Cambridgeshire-Suffolk border.

scholarly journals Catechesis of Seniors in the Context of Their Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 265-282
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Skoczylas
Keyword(s):  
Good Health ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Third Age ◽  
Social Good ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Religious Tourism ◽  
The World ◽  
The Church

Modern seniors who are characterized by good health at the end of their professional activity engage in new forms of activity. Some of them are involved in the activities of universities of the third age, belong to the Family of Radio Maryja, are volunteers or use various forms of religious tourism and pilgrimages. Many manifestations of their activity come from the religiosity of seniors. The growing religiosity of seniors requires a systematic catechesis that helps them in its development. The church emphasizes that this catechesis should be adapted to the situation of a senior. Catechesis helps to read the religious meaning of this stage of life and to strengthen the motivation for Christian presence in the family and environment. Therefore, this catechesis should strengthen religious interest in faith, shape and sustain the motivation of Christian activity, in the Church and in the world. This is reflected in the Christian involvement in family upbringing, in the ecclesial community, for the social good and also in an attractive way of spending free time.

Battista Carioni da Crema (c.1460–1534) and the ‘Third Life’: Visions of Reform in Early Sixteenth-Century Italy*

2020 ◽  
Vol 135 (573) ◽  
pp. 303-336
Author(s):  
Querciolo Mazzonis
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Christian Life ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Religious Reform ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
The Third ◽  
Spiritual Director ◽  
New Geography ◽  
The Church

Abstract This essay sheds new light on the spirituality and historical significance of the influential and controversial Dominican friar Battista Carioni da Crema (c.1460–1534). A popular spiritual writer, charismatic founder of devout associations such as the Barnabites, and a spiritual director of several well-known Catholic figures, including Gaetano Thiene, Battista’s significance has not yet been fully acknowledged. The essay considers his spirituality in the framework of reforming movements emerging in Italy in the first half of the sixteenth century. In dialogue with previous interpretations of Battista, the essay provides a novel and systematic analysis of his notion of perfection and concept of the Church. Synthesising ascetic and mystic spiritual influences rooted in the monastic and humanist culture of the fifteenth century, Battista presented a distinctive view of Christian life, which included an ecclesiological perspective and a new geography of the sacred. Defined as the ‘third life’ and conceived in a period of religious fluidity, it neither fitted emerging Lutheran ideas nor the orthodox Catholicism of the Roman Church. In addition, the essay argues that Battista’s proselytism can be seen as an attempt to reform society which preceded proposals for religious reform made by groups such as the Spirituali.

Conciliarism, Republicanism and Corporatism: the 1415-1420 Constitution of the Florentine Clergy*

1989 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Striking Feature ◽  
The Church

A striking feature of fifteenth-century historiography is the manner in which accounts of political thought in this period have tended to follow two basically distinct courses. One group of historians has pursued the avenue of humanist political theory, primarily in Florence, running from Coluccio Salutati and Leonardo Bruni at the beginning of the fifteenth century down to Machiavelli at its end, tracing the rise and decline of the republican ideal, or myth, in Florentine politics and from there into the mainstream of Western political theory. Another group has concerned itself with conciliar theory in the Church, pursuing its development through the councils of Pisa, Constance, and Basel to its demise in the early sixteenth century. These historians, too, have connected conciliar thought to the broader course of Europe's political development.

scholarly journals Fungsi Keluarga dalam Persepektif Alkitab sebagai Basis Pendidikan Agama Kristen

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-93
Author(s):  
Andreas Sese Sunarko
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Sunday School ◽  
The Other ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Family ◽  
Christian Families ◽  
The One ◽  
The Church

The family is an institution of God Himself (Genesis 2:18-25) aside from the church (Matthew 16:18) obtaining a glorious mandate through God's family to want the birth of Divine offspring (Malachi 2:15), which is a God-fearing and living in its prescribed streets. To achieve the above goal, a Christian Religious  Education of faith became something very important. But unfortunately there are Christian families who are unaware of this and are shifting this glorious mandate to the church through sunday school teachers or transferring it to school (through Christian religious teachers). The writer assesses this distraction on the one hand as a parent's misunderstanding of the mandate or on the other hand because of the parents' inability to handle it. The method the writer uses is a descriptive qualitative with a library approach. The writer tapped relevant resources from the bible, books and journals. Starting with a general understanding and juridis about the family, the Biblical basis of the family and its calling, the family's responsibility for Christian Religious Education and the danger of displacing the function of Christisn Religious Education on the third hand and the writer will eventually conclude that it is important to restore the family's function as a base of Christian Religious Education as well as to accord with scriptural values to be so effective in reaching the goal of bearing Divine offspring.

THE CONTRACT FOR THE NORTH AISLE AT THE CHURCH OF ST JAMES, BIDDENHAM

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 251-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Byng
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Final Version ◽  
Parish Church ◽  
The North ◽  
Rough Draft ◽  
The Cost ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Church ◽  
Building Contracts

The contract for the building of the north aisle at St James’s Church, Biddenham, Bedfordshire, in 1522 is an exceptional document that escaped the surveys of L F Salzman, John Harvey and most later scholars. Unlike other surviving medieval building contracts, it is the rough draft of an indenture, showing the alterations and changes that were made before it was copied into a neat final version and sealed. By surveying these changes it is possible to delineate, for the first time, the process of negotiation engaged in by its patron, Sir William Butler, and the mason, John Laverok. Unusual too are the details it provides of Butler’s collaboration with the parish in building the well-constructed aisle that would bear his arms. This went further than simply defraying the cost of the work, and is of significance for our wider understanding of the organisation and financing of parish church construction in the sixteenth century. Most importantly, it demonstrates the breadth and complexity of forms that co-operation could take between gentry and parish, and shows that projects with the arms of a single family could nevertheless be funded collaboratively.

A Turning-Point in Political Thought

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 292-320
Author(s):  
Isaiah Berlin
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Distinctive Character ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fourth Century Bce ◽  
The Individual

Berlin discerns three great crises in Western political thought, each challenging one of its three primary tenets. The three tenets are (1) that questions about correct human actions are answerable, whether the answers are yet known or not; (2) that the answers to those questions, insofar as they are true, cannot contradict each other; and (3) that human beings have a distinctive character, which is essentially social. Each of these tenets has been attacked, the first by the German Romantics of the late eighteenth century, the second by Machiavelli in sixteenth-century Florence, and the third by the Epicureans and Stoics in the late fourth-century BCE. Berlin’s extended examination of this third case demonstrates both how firmly established was the idea that human beings found meaning only in relation to others in the polis and how great and sudden was the transition toward focus on the individual fostered by the Cynics, Epicureans, and Stoics. The suddenness and irruptive nature of this transition cannot be satisfactorily understood as a reflection of political changes alone, but its deeper roots are obscured by the dominance of Plato, Aristotle, and others who subscribed to the polis-centered point of view and regarded possible precursors of the transition as their philosophical opponents.

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