SEED BREEDING OF PERENNIAL CEREALS IN TAIGA ZONE OF TOMSK REGION

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1342-1348
Author(s):  
L.D. Urazova ◽  
◽  
O.V. Litvinchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Tomsk Region ◽  
Siberian Research Institute ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Seed Growing

The main goal of breeding and seed-growing work with perennial grasses is the creation and reproduction of intensive varieties that are distinguished by high productivity, adaptability, and resistance to adverse factors. The tasks of varietal seed production of perennial grasses in the taiga zone include the preservation of biological and economically useful properties inherent in the variety during its reproduction; ensuring timely implementation of variety change and variety renewal; accelerated multiplication of seeds of new varieties. It is important to cultivate each crop according to modern scientifically based varietal technologies that are developed for the conditions of the region. To create highly productive seed herbage and successful harvesting, it is necessary to take into account the biological characteristics of species and varieties. The choice of seed farming methods is determined by the ability of populations to retain their valuable properties in the process of seed reproduction. When developing promising methods of seed production of new generation varieties, it is necessary to study the reaction of plants to stressful phenomena and develop agrotechnical methods that allow plants to adapt to them with a minimum decrease in seed productivity. The development of seed production of perennial cereal grasses in the extreme soil and climatic conditions of the taiga zone contributes to the growth and stabilization of the gross harvest of seeds with high sowing qualities. The article presents the main results for 2015-2019. on perennial cereal grasses in the Narym Department of Breeding and Seed Production of the Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture and Technology - a branch of the SFNCA RAS. Seed growing is carried out according to the traditional scheme. Due to adaptive varieties, the agroecological zoning of seed production is being improved. The aim of this work is to summarize the results of seed production on perennial grasses in the taiga zone of the Tomsk region.

TURF-FORMING GRASSES FOR THE TAIGA ZONE

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1077-1084
Author(s):  
L.D. Urazova ◽  
◽  
O.V. Litvinchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Tomsk Region ◽  
Siberian Research Institute ◽  
Frost Free Period

Experimental selection studies were carried out in 2016-2018. in the fields of the Narym Department of Breeding and Seed Production of the Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture and Peat (Kolpashevo, Tomsk Region). The purpose of the research was to study collection samples of lawn grasses capable of effectively using the agro-resource potential of the naturaland climatic conditions in the taiga zone of the Tomsk region. The climate in the research area is sharply continental with long, severe winters and short, but hot and often dry summers. The snow cover lasts about seven months (usually from October to April). The frost-free period is short. Annual precipitation is about 500 mm, including more than 300 mm during the growing season. The sum of air temperatures above 10° C is 1300-1600° C. The soils of the experimental plots are sod-podzolic, sandy loam in granulometric composition, with a humus content in the arable horizon of no more than 2%. As experimental material, 21 samples of bluegrass of three species were studied (8 domestic and 13 foreign varieties); 21 samples of pasture ryegrass (domestic varieties - 3, foreign - 18); 10 samples of four species of bent field of foreign origin; 12 samples of five types of fescue (domestic varieties – 5, foreign – 7). Among the experimental cultivars, the following sources of economically valuable traits were identified: high winter hardiness - all investigated cultivars of bluegrass, bent grass, fescue; grade of perennial ryegrass Yuventus (Denmark); short stature - varieties of meadow bluegrass Yaskia, Limonsine (Germany), Barkenta (Netherlands); ryegrass cultivars of pasture Sport (Poland), Fiesta (USA), Yuventus (Denmark); bentgrass wild populations from Mongolia (K14272, K-14273) and bentgrass from Ukraine (K14265); fine texture source - perennial ryegrass varieties Yuventus, Denmark, Primevere, France, K-14233, Poland.

scholarly journals VARIETY OF AWNLESS BROME 'VORONEZHSKIY 17' FOR THE CONDI-TIONS OF CENTRAL BLACK EARTH REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-77
Author(s):  
Sergey Saprykin ◽  
Iosif Ivanov ◽  
Raisa Labinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
New Variety ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Condi Tions ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Seed Growing ◽  
Central Chernozem

Agricultural lands of the Central Chernozem (Black Earth) region are strongly affected by erosion processes. One of the ways to solve this problem is to expand the crops of perennial grasses, improve the work on the creation of their varieties and seed production. The main purpose of breeding and seed-growing work of the station is the breeding and reproduction of intensive varieties of perennial grasses of the new generation, characterized by high productivity and increased environmental function. The bioc-limatic potential of the Central Chernozem region is suitable for growing various types of perennial forage grasses for seeds and fodder purposes, among which the awnless brome occupies a leading place. The article presents the main results and achievements of breeding work on the breeding of the variety of awnless brome (Bromopsis inermis (Leys). Holub) 'Voronezhskiy 17'. The variety is a complex hybrid population of samples obtained from interspecific crossbreeding of Bromopsis erecta with Bromopsis in-ermis local forms and introduced foreign and domestic source material, on the basis of long-term biotypic selection followed by polycross of promising genotypes. The variety has a range of advantages over the standard ('Pavlovskiy 22/05') on economic characteristics. The yield of green mass for the first and second test cycles in the standard was 19.5 and 16.0 t/ha, in the new variety 21.2 and 17.6 t/ha; the collection of dry matter respectively 6.0–5.1 and 6.9–5.7 t/ha. The yield of seeds of the 'Voronezhskiy 17' variety is 0.43–0.52 t/ha, in some years it reached 0.8 t/ha, against 0.46 t/ha at the standard.

Results of selection and seed-growing work on onion crops at the Federal Scientific Center of Vegetable Growing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.M. Seredin ◽  
◽  
A.F. Agafonov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Seed Growing

the article summarizes the long-term research on the selection and seed production of onion crops of the Federal Scientific Center of Vegetable Growing. The prospects of using new varieties to obtain high-quality products for different zones are shown.

scholarly journals Results and prospects for the development of scientific research in FSBSI FSVC

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
V. F. Pivovarov ◽  
A. V. Soldatenko ◽  
O. N. Pyshnaya ◽  
L. K. Gurkina
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Microspore Culture ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
The Creation

The article reflects the issues of the current state of scientific research at the FSBSI FSVC, shows the directions and prospects for the development of selection and seed production of vegetable crops. The main mission of the selection and seed-growing work of the FSVC is the creation and reproduction of varieties and hybrids of vegetable and melon crops of a new generation, characterized by resistance to abiotic and biotic stressors, high productivity and product quality. One of the main ways to increase the efficiency of the breeding process is the use of modern methods of biotechnology and molecular genetics, which make it possible to obtain new genotypes and reduce the time of breeding. Success has been achieved in the creation of homozygous lines of cabbage, squash, cucumber, carrots. For the first time, it was possible to complete a full cycle of obtaining doubled radish haploids in microspore culture in vitro. The institution pays special attention to immunological research on the resistance of crops and new varieties to diseases, as well as protecting plants from pests and diseases. Phytosanitary monitoring, assessment and selection of resistant genotypes are carried every years. One of the important theoretical and practical problems solved at the institution is the development of environmentally friendly products based on preparations obtained from plants with a high content of biologically active compounds with adaptogenic properties. In the center, a new direction of research in traditional breeding has received significant development - the creation of varieties of vegetable plants with an increased content of biologically active substances and antioxidants, on the basis of which functional products are created. The persistence of modern varieties and hybrids of table carrots, depending on the biochemical composition, has been studied. Methods for enriching vegetable plants with micronutrients are being developed. A large amount of scientific research is being carried out on the development of technologies for the cultivation of new varieties and hybrids, as well as technologies for their seed production. At the branches located in different soil and climatic conditions, hospitals were established to study the interaction of factors controlling soil fertility and the productivity of vegetable crops in agrocenoses (crop rotation, soil treatment systems, fertilizers and plant protection). In general, at the FSBSI FSVC, all research is aimed at developing and improving methods in breeding and seed production of vegetable crops, creating new breeding achievements and developing varietal technologies for their cultivation.

scholarly journals The main results of breeding and seed production of perennial grasses on the Don area in 2010–2020

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
S. A. Ignatiev ◽  
A. A. Regidin ◽  
T. V. Gryazeva ◽  
K. N. Goryunov
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
History Of ◽  
Alfalfa Varieties ◽  
The Moment

The current paper has presented an overview of the work of the laboratory for breeding and seed production of perennial grasses of the ARC “Donskoy” over a ten-year period. There has been presented a brief history of the development of the laboratory from the moment of its establishment to the present day. The main purpose of the work in this period was the breeding, reproduction, introduction into production of the new alfalfa and sainfoin varieties with a wide range of resistance to various stress factors with high productivity of forage and seeds. In the collection farms of alfalfa there have been tested and agro biologically estimated more than 600 varieties from the world collection of VIR, other research institutions and local hybrids. Based on this work there have been developed an initial material with a wide variability of economically-biological useful characters using the methods of hybridization and selection. The best lines and hybrids were included in the complex hybrid populations, which became the basis for the development of the new alfalfa varieties ‘Selyanka’ (2013) and ‘Golubka’ (2019). Throughout the history of the laboratory, great attention was paid to the development of the new sainfoin varieties, as a result of which there were zoned such varieties as ‘Severokavkazky dvuukosny’ (1947), ‘Zernogradsky 2’ (1998), ‘Zernogradsky 3’ (2001), ‘Atamansky’ (2004), ‘Veles’ (2010). Over the past ten years, there were developed the sainfoin varieties ‘Sudar’ (2013) and ‘Shuravi’ (2019) protected by a patent, the varieties undergone the State Variety Testing, were included into the State List of Breeding Achievements approved for use in several regions of the Russian Federation. There has been given a brief description of the current problems of breeding and primary seed production of perennial grasses, as well as the directions of the laboratory's work to solve them. There has been presented the publication activity of the researchers of the laboratory.

scholarly journals Composition of mineral elements in the yield of one-species sows of perennial grasses and their mixtures

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (74) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Vyhovsky
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Effective Use

Currently, one of the least expensive options for renewing eroded soils is the sowing of grasses for the production of cheap quality fodder adapted with updated soil and climatic conditions. Analysis presented in the paper shows that one of the main conditions for balanced feeding of cows is to provide sufficient level of mineral elements with feeds. This guarantees not only high productivity and quality, but also effective use of meadow grass stands. On the basis of the studies carried out, it is determined that a sufficient number of mineral elements are present in the feed on the variants of the experiment, where a mixture of  Medicago sativa alfalfa crop, Lotus corniculatus lyadvenets Horned was sown. It has been established that leguminous grasses with phosphorus-potassium fertilizer positively influence some indicators of the composition of mineral elements in the forage of one-species perennial crops and their mixtures. The grass-legume mixture contained the following herbs: Medicago sativa alfalfa crop, Lotus corniculatus lyadvenets Horned, Bromus rump beardless inermis, and Lolium multiflorum with the fertilizer  N60P60K90.  The mineral content of the fertilizer provides the grass-legume mixture  with enough phosphorus (0.43%), potassium (2.70%), calcium (0.39%), magnesium (0.20%) and sodium (0.13%)

scholarly journals STUDY OF SOD-FORMING GRASSESIN THE CONDITIONS OF A TAIGA ZONE

2018 ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
L. D. Urazova ◽  
O. In. Litvinchuk ◽  
Yu. In. Chudinova ◽  
A. In. Hague
Keyword(s):  
Research Area ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Grass Stand ◽  
First Time ◽  
Research Institute

Seven species of three genera of perennial grasses for lawn agrophytocenoses on ashen-gray soils in a taiga zone were studied for the first time. The objective of the study was to identify the best samples of lawn grasses that can effectively use the agro-resource potential of natural climatic conditions of the research area. The width of a leave (texture) was used as one of the main indicators for the assessment of the decorativeness of a lawn grass stand. The samples were studied according to the methodological instructions of the All-Russian Williams Fodder Research Institute. Samples distinguished by grass stand high decorativeness were identified. Samples of meadow grass, bent grass and fescue grass, a variety of English bluegrass Yuventus are distinguished by complete winter hardiness. The lowest samples of meadow grass were varieties Yaskia, Limonsine, Barkenta; English bluegrass - Sport, Fiesta, Yuventus; bent grass - wild populations K-14272, K-14273, K-14265. Samples of English bluegrass - Yuventus, Primevere, K-14233 - are distinguished by the highest decorativeness of the grass stand in terms of the texture.

scholarly journals Comparative characteristics of yellow alfalfa accessions in the nursery of competitive variety testing

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 (1) ◽  
pp. 012031
Author(s):  
S V Saprykin ◽  
N V Saprykina ◽  
V N Zolotarev ◽  
O N Lyubtseva
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
New Variety ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Agricultural Regions

Abstract In the context of the progressive trend of aridization of the climate of the main agricultural regions in the forest-steppe and steppe zones, the problem of increasing and stabilizing the high productivity of forage crops is becoming more acute. Yellow alfalfa (Medicago falcata L.) is highly resistant to abiotic stresses such as drought and low temperatures. This crop is resistant to extremely stressful conditions for cultivation in arid conditions, high production potential for the production of various types of bulky forage. The limiting factor of the effective economic use of yellow alfalfa in the Central Black Earth region of Russia is the insufficient number of zoned varieties, only three. The zoned varieties of alfalfa that exist today do not fully meet the requirements of modern forage production, and the tasks of developing new varieties with increased productivity, competitive ability in grass mixtures and increased longevity are becoming urgent. A highly productive variety of yellow alfalfa Pavlovskaya 7 was previously created at the Voronezh Experimental Station for perennial grasses. The Pavlovskaya 7 variety is characterized by high resistance to fungal diseases and mycoplasmosis, drought resistance, and long (up to 12 years) productive longevity. Currently, the station is completing selection work to develop a new variety of yellow alfalfa with a complex of economically valuable traits and properties for conditions of insufficient moisture.

scholarly journals The Assessment of Agrobiological and Disease Resistance Traits of Grapevine Hybrid Populations (Vitis vinifera L. × Muscadinia rotundifolia Michx.) in the Climatic Conditions of Crimea

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1215
Author(s):  
Vladimir Volynkin ◽  
Irina Vasylyk ◽  
Vitalii Volodin ◽  
Elizaveta Grigoreva ◽  
Dmitry Karzhaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Muscadinia Rotundifolia

The Crimean autochthonous grape varieties are unique by their origin and serve as a valuable source for breeding new cultivars with increased salt and frost resistance, as well as high-quality berries. However, they suffer from fungal pathogens, as the dry and hot summer months contribute to the epiphytotic course of diseases. An increase in the resistance of Crimean grape varieties is currently achieved through interspecific hybridization. In this study, we describe the genetic and agrobiological diversity of three hybrid populations obtained using the Vitis interspecific hybrid ‘Magarach 31-77-10′ as a female parent and Muscadinia rotundifolia × Vitis vinifera BC5 hybrid plants as male parents. The hybrid nature of the populations was assessed using RADseq high-throughput genotyping. We discovered 12,734 SNPs, which were common to all three hybrid populations. We also proved with the SSR markers that the strong powdery and downy mildew resistance of the paternal genotypes is determined by the dominant Run1/Rpv1 locus inherited from M. rotundifolia. As a result, the disease development score (R, %) for both mildew diseases in the female parent ‘Magarach 31-77-10’ was three times higher than in male parents 2000-305-143 and 2000-305-163 over two years of phytopathological assessment. The highest values of yield-contributing traits (average bunch weight ~197 g and 1.3 kg as yield per plant) were detected in the population 4-11 (♀M. No. 31-77-10 × 2000-305-163). Despite the epiphytotic development of PM, the spread of oidium to the vegetative organs of hybrids 4-11 did not exceed 20%. Some hybrid genotypes with high productivity and resistance to pathogens were selected for further assessment as promising candidates for new varieties.

scholarly journals The Role and Contribution of Plant Breeding and Plant Biotechnology to Sustainable Agriculture in Africa

Afrika Focus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-108
Author(s):  
D. Kyetere ◽  
E. Okogbenin ◽  
J. Okeno ◽  
J. Munyaradzi ◽  
F. Nangayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
The Face ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Time Required

Africa’s economy is driven by agriculture, a sector that constitutes 32% of the continent’s GDP. The ongoing Agricultural Transformation Agenda (ATA) in Africa hinges on a system change (from subsistence farming to agribusiness) approach that explores high productivity to strengthen the African economy. During the “Green Revolution” period, increased global yields of cereal crops were achieved through the interactions of breeding and agronomy. However, in the face of current challenges, such as climate change and need for new market niches, there is an increasing exigency to explore modern plant breeding (including biotechnology) to develop new varieties with the capacity for high yields in reduced chemical-input systems and with the genetic diversity needed to maintain yield stability in Africa´s fluctuating climatic conditions. Biotechnology has significantly shortened the time required for the development of new cultivars, varieties and hybrids. Modern breeding tools include Double Haploid technology, marker assisted breeding, genomics, genetic engineering and genome editing. It is these tools that help accelerate the development of market responsive varieties needed for sustainable agriculture in Africa that will be highlighted.

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