scholarly journals The influence of amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation on certain institutions of financial law

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
Liudmila Samoylova ◽  
Alina Ol'ha
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Constitutional Amendments ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
Subsistence Minimum ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Fundamental Law ◽  
Additional Income

In the article it is considered the content of the Constitutional amendments organizing the directions of the state’s social policy, approved as a result of the all-Russian vote in 2020, from the perspective of the financial opportunities of public law entities for the implementation of the adjusted mechanism of social guarantees. The authors analyzed the nature of changes in the certain institutions of financial law, on the basis of which the consequences were established both for the management of centralized monetary funds and other spheres of the state’s life. During the research the invariability of public finances as a result of equating the minimum wage to the subsistence minimum and declaring guarantees affecting compulsory social insurance, in the country’s fundamental law, was justified. It is noted the modification of the procedure for the formation, distribution and use of the centralized monetary funds due to amendments regulating other social measures requiring the attraction of additional income sources for their implementation. Due to the deteriorating economic situation in the country and at the same time, the increase in expenditure obligations of public law entities in the field of social guarantees proposals have been developed to reduce the risk of irrational waste of budget funds by redistributing the financial burden between the levels of the budget system.

scholarly journals From Social Provision to Social Quality: About the Scientific Work of Valentin Dementievich Roik

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-153
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Bobkov ◽  
Grigory Degtyarev
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
New Work ◽  
Russian Scientist ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Aging Health

The article is devoted to the memory of the untimely deceased famous Russian scientist, Doctor of Economics, Professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Valentin Dementievich Roik, a brief overview of his vast creative heritage, his new work «Aging. Health. The quality of life of the older generation», which is published posthumously. The range of scientific interests of Valentin Dementievich is extremely extensive and wide: social insurance and social security; wages; labor relations; poverty and social inequality; social cohesion; the level and quality of life; the problems of population aging. In recent years, significant professional efforts of Valentin Dementievich have been directed to research on the mechanisms of forming a holistic social policy, and several monographs and textbooks on this issue have been published. The article is devoted to the memory of the untimely deceased famous Russian scientist, Doctor of Economics, Professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Valentin Dementievich Roik, a brief overview of his vast creative heritage, his new work "Aging. Health. The quality of life of the older generation", which is published posthumously. The range of scientific interests of Valentin Dementievich is extremely extensive and wide: social insurance and social security; wages; labor relations; poverty and social inequality; social cohesion; the level and quality of life; the problems of population aging. In recent years, significant professional efforts of Valentin Dementievich have been directed to research on the mechanisms of forming a holistic social policy, and several monographs and textbooks on this issue have been published. The published book begins with a comprehensive analysis of the problems of a person's life course as a central, social, and interdisciplinary one. Noted the importance of the concept of intentionality (semantic orientation), kernel congenital, sustainable value-semantic structure of personality, which is essential in the process of identity formation, personal, professional, qualities of an individual that external conditions have a certain influence on the entire life of man. In the subsequent chapters of the book published by specified external socio-cultural conditions that influence the person throughout his life, his social and professional development, material well-being, and quality of life, including taking into account the state of health, especially in old age, the quality of life of the older generation, large parts of the population an ageing society.

scholarly journals Expenditure Obligations of the Constituent Entity of the Russian Federation in the Social Field in the Budget Structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
O. S. Zabralova
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Constituent Entity ◽  
Regional Budget ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Regional Funds ◽  
Social Area

To financially support the functions of the state, it is necessary to legally allocate from the budget the  funds that form expenditure obligations of a particular public-law entity. Structuring of all expenditure obligations,  including obligations in the field of social policy, takes place due to the corresponding register. It is concluded  that the register of expense obligations of the regional budget includes certain information about the obligations associated with the social policy financing: a) information about the powers of the region in the field of social  policy; b) information on regulatory legal acts, agreements establishing the region’s expenditure obligations in  the field of social policy that are subject to execution at the expense of regional funds, etc. It is determined that  the registry of expence obligation for the constituent entity of the Russian Federation is formed according to the  same rules as the rules applied to form the registry of expence obligations at the federal level, but taking into  account the specifics of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation. The significance of the study is that it  allows, from a scientific point of view, to comprehend the problems of regulating the expenditure obligations of  a constituent entity of the Russian Federation in the social area.

Paradoxes of Social Policy in Developing Social Infrastructure

2021 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Vitaly V. Maximov ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Services ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Commercial Sector ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Capital Intensive ◽  
Additional Income

The state's responsibility for development of social infrastructure has not been questioned by modern Russian and foreign economists for many years. An indicator of implementing the national goals of the Russian Federation development for the period up to 2030 is not only an increase in life expectancy up to 78 years, but also a half reduction in the poverty level compared to indicator of 2017 [1], which points out the need not only to ensure additional income for the elderly, but also to reduce their costs. In the context of limited budgetary opportunities, the state's social policy is focused on developing commercial sector of social services and the sector of socially oriented NPOs that are not interested in development of capital-intensive infrastructure component at social tariffs. Private stationary facilities are targeted at wealthy people and are inaccessible to most elderly people who have to turn to the gray services market. Excessive commercialization has embraced even state-owned infrastructures, created or reconstructed through the mechanism of public-private partnership. This results in limited availability of public good and competition for access to it.

SOCIAL INSURANCE IN RUSSIA: STATE, CURRENT CHALLENGES AND RESPONSES TO THEM

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-95
Author(s):  
Lyudmila A. Migranova ◽  
◽  
Valentin D. Roik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Insurance ◽  
Pension Fund ◽  
The State ◽  
Insurance Fund ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Social Insurance Fund ◽  
Subsistence Minimum ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mandatory Health Insurance ◽  
Insurance Funds

The article deals with the issues of functioning of the social insurance institution, the organizational-legal and financial forms of which are presented by the state extrabudgetary social funds - Pension Fund of Russia, Mandatory Social Insurance Fund and Mandatory Health Insurance Fund. It considers the main characteristics of social insurance: a) scope of covering the employed population by insurance protection; b) contribution rates as related to wages; c) level of protection of population incomes (pensions and benefits as related to wages and subsistence minimum); d) availability of quality medical assistance and rehabilitation services. There are analyzed the present social risks and problems of the RF insurance system. The main problem is that the amount of financial expenditures on all types of social insurance per beneficiary is about half that of most developed and developing countries. The primary cause is lacking motivation of both employees and employers to participate in the mandatory social insurance and to legalize their earnings. In the conclusion there are formulated a number of proposals for improvement of the institution of social insurance in Russia. It is proposed to expand the range of insurance cases concerning unemployment insurance and care for elderly people, to increase the total amount of compulsory contributions to extrabudgetary insurance funds from 30.2% up to 42.5% from three sources - employees, employers and the state.

CONSTITUTIONALISM AND AMENDMENTS TO THE BASIC LAW OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION 2020: POLITICAL ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 103-118
Author(s):  
O.A. SIDENKO ◽  
◽  
D.V. SOSUNOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Constitutional Amendments ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
Expert Assessments ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Existence Of Value ◽  
Transitional Constitutionalism ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the article is to reveal the contradictions of the Russian transitional constitutionalism of the 2020 model as perceived by experts. It is achieved by presenting a palette of experts' views on the phenomenon of constitutionalism, expert assessments of the impact of the 2020 constitutional reform on constitutional principles, the distance between citizens and authorities, as well as expert opinions on the existence of value consolidation between the state and civil society in modern Russia. It is extremely important that the constitutional amendments, contributing to adaptation to changing realities, remain within the framework of the system of constitutionalism. There is no relevant developed methodology for political and legal assessment in the Russian-language scientific literature. The research group, having resorted to an expert survey, proposed their own version. The results obtained indicate not only the importance of value connotations in the perception of constitutionalism by experts, the weakening of all groups of constitutional principles (negative assessments prevail over positive ones), the manipulative nature of the process, but also a potential increase in the distance between the governors and the governed. Nevertheless, the threshold values that could indicate the interpretation of constitutional novels by experts as leading to going beyond the framework of constitutionalism are not identified. Since the project is pilot and generalizations are based on expert estimates, the conclusions are debatable.

War and Social Policy Development in Switzerland, 1870–1990

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthieu Leimgruber
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
State Building ◽  
Social Citizenship ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Public Private Mix

This chapter explores the trajectory of social policy development in Switzerland and its interactions with state-building and military conflict from the Franco-Prussian war of the early 1870s to the end of the Cold War. This analysis confirms that, despite the fact that Switzerland has remained untouched by war for more than 150 years, military preparation and the world wars have had a crucial impact in the shaping of the distinctive public–private mix that distinguishes the Swiss welfare state from its immediate neighbours. Periods of war thus coincided not only with an expansion of state social insurance but also witnessed the consolidation of existing private social provision. The chapter also highlights how Switzerland’s distinctive militia-based conscription contributed to forge a male-centred social citizenship that lasted for decades after 1945.

Italy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Ferrera
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
State Compensation ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
Comprehensive Reform ◽  
Veteran Benefits ◽  
Democratic Stability ◽  
War Mobilization

Wars have had a clearly recognizable impact on Italy’s social policy since unification. The independence and early colonial wars prompted the introduction of veteran benefits and other forms of state compensation. The two world wars marked key turning points, creating the conditions for introducing compulsory social insurance and then extending its scope and coverage. The pronatalist policies introduced by Fascism were in their turn closely linked to the regime’s war mobilization strategy. In comparative perspective, a distinctive feature of Italian developments was the elaboration of very ambitious and comprehensive reform plans after both world wars, largely motivated by the wish to forge broad cross-class coalitions and safeguard democratic stability. Even if initially unsuccessful, such plans left an ideational legacy which contributed to inspire welfare state developments well throughout the so-called Golden Age.

Shaping Presidential Powers in Hungary: Convention, Tradition and Informal Constitutional Amendments

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 307-320
Author(s):  
Attila Vincze
Keyword(s):  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Constitutional Change ◽  
Exact Role ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Constitutional Amendments ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Fundamental Law ◽  
Constitutional System ◽  
Presidential Systems ◽  
Judicial Interpretations

Abstract There was no tradition of a republican president in Hungary before the fall of communism, and the transitory constitution of 1989 was unclear about the exact role the President should play in the constitutional system of Hungary. Some provisions even resembled those of presidential or semi-presidential systems; some ambiguities were clarified during the first two decades after the transition. Conventions, however, were established to some extent and sometimes very quickly. This period gave rise to guidelines as to how the powers of the President should be exercised. Some other powers were concretized and interpreted foremost by the Constitutional Court. These conventions and judicial interpretations formed the character of the Presidency to the extent of informal constitutional change. Some of these elements have even been incorporated into and formalized by the new Fundamental Law of Hungary. The present contribution will point out how the originally broad competencies of the President have been narrowed in the practice, and what role the Constitutional Court and political actors played in this process.

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