Problems in the investigation of fires of motor vehicles

2022 ◽  
pp. 92-100
Author(s):  
N. Yu. Borzunova ◽  
O. L. Uzun 

The article pays great attention to the causes of fires that occur in motor vehicles. Statistical data indicate that fires that occurred in motor vehicles consistently occupy the second place in terms of quantity and material damage after fires that occurred in residential buildings. The investigation of fires related to the ignition of motor transport itself is quite complex. The article analyzes the causes of fires in motor vehicles. Some manufacturing defects of modern cars have been investigated. The statistics of fires in Russia are analyzed and presented. Certain features and directions of investigations of this category of criminal cases are considered.

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Gulnara A. Gareeva ◽  
Diana R. Grigoreva ◽  
Ilnur I. Mahmutov

One of the main factors of the effectiveness of the enterprise is the staff. Competent accounting and analysis of calculations with staff for other operations can significantly affect the final financial activities of any organization. The calculations with the staff are not a less important component of the final report of the organization, on the basis of which the profit is formed. All this leads to whether the company conducts effective financial activity or not. The organization's calculations with employees for other operations include payments for merchandise paid by it to merchants, for goods purchased by employees with payment by installments at the expense of the credit received by the organization in the bank, on loans issued to employees. It also involves payments for individual housing construction, the purchase or construction of garden houses, the acquisition of a household. The main aim is to recover material damage caused by an employee of the organization as a result of shortages and theft of monetary and material values and other types of damage. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: the theoretical basis for accounting for loans granted, for material damage compensation was considered, the company was analyzed. In this paper, we consider the main aspects of the management of personnel by other operations, their competent accounting, as well as analysis based on the average statistical data of companies in Russia (Gareeva & Grigoreva, 2019).


Author(s):  
Roman I. Dremliuga ◽  
Andrey A. Yakovenko

Развитие технологий автономного автотранспорта является одним из приоритетов в технологическом развитии Российской Федерации. Несмотря на прогресс в данной сфере, вряд ли можно говорить о значимых успехах России во внедрении использования автономного транспорта на дорогах общего пользования. В основе данного исследования лежит утверждение, что правовой режим является либо катализатором, либо замедляющим фактором развития сферы автономного автотранспорта. Цель исследования – провести анализ правовых норм в сфере тестирования и эксплуатации автономного автотранспорта в Европе. Авторы полагают, что исследуемые европейские страны имеют достаточно проработанную нормативную базу в данной сфере, поэтому их опыт может быть полезен в разработке и модификации российской правовой базы для регулирования отношений в сфере использования автономного автотранспорта. Задачи исследования: а) определить нормативную базу, связанную с регулированием отношений по тестированию и эксплуатации автономных транспортных средств; б) выявить позицию лидирующих европейских стран, связанную с вопросами необходимости регулирования таких отношений; в) оценить перспективы возможности заимствования положительной практики регулирования рассматриваемой сферы общественных отношений в правовую действительность Российской Федерации. Методологической основой исследования послужили диалектический метод познания, общенаучные методы абстрагирования, анализа и синтеза, а также специальные юридические методы (сравнительно-правовой, логико-юридический и др.). В статье делается вывод, что в процессе создания нормативно правовой базы власти стремятся детально урегулировать исследуемую область общественных отношений. Рассмотренные страны имеют практически схожую модель регулирования, с жёсткими нормативными рамками. Авторы полагают, что некоторые ограничения являются неблагоприятными для развития сектора цифровой экономики. Тем не менее, опыт европейских стран может быть использован в России в первую очередь для определения проблемных точек регулирования и организации контроля за тестированием и использованием автономного автотранспорта. Ключевые слова: Европейский Союз, регулирование тестирования автономного автотранспорта, беспилотный автотранспорт, цифровая экономика, искусственный интеллект, кибербезопасность, распознавание образов, киберправо, беспилотные транспортные средства, цифровая трансформации, умные вещи, умный город, сравнительное правоведение, сравнительный анализ, новый технологический уклад, право Нидерландов, право Германии, право Великобритании, право информационных технологий, право ИТ. The development of unmanned (autonomous) vehicle technologies is one of the strategic priorities of the Russian Federation. Despite a great deal of attention to this area, one can hardly speak of any significant success of Russia in introducing the use of autonomous vehicles on public roads. This study is based on the assumption that the legal regime is a catalyst or a deterrent to the development of autonomous motor transport or a deterrent to the development of the autonomous motor transport sector. The aim of the study is to analyze the legal norms in the field of testing and operation of autonomous road transport in Europe. The authors believe that the studied European countries have a sufficiently developed regulatory system in this area; therefore, their experience can be useful in developing and modifying the Russian legal framework to regulate the use of autonomous road transport. The objectives of the study are as follows: a) to define the regulatory framework related to the regulation of relations in the testing and operation of autonomous vehicles; b) to identify the position of the leading European countries related to the issues of the need for regulation and its limits; c) to assess the prospects for the possibility of taking the positive practice of regulation of the considered sphere of social relations into the legal reality of the Russian Federation. The dialectical method of cognition, general scientific methods of abstraction, analysis and synthesis, as well as special legal methods (comparative legal, logical-legal, etc.) served as the methodological basis for the research. The article concludes that in the process of creating a legal system the authorities seek to regulate in detail the area of public relations under study. The countries under study have almost similar model of regulation with rigid normative frameworks. The authors believe that some restrictions are unfavorable for the development of digital economy sectors. Nevertheless, the experience of European countries can be used in Russia first of all to identify problem points of regulation and organization of control over testing and use of autonomous motor vehicles.


2018 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 01240
Author(s):  
Aleksei Parfenov

This paper addresses the topical issues that arise in the process of preliminary investigation and initial operations and investigations related to collecting and obtaining evidence. In particular, the study raises the problematic questions about the nature and goals of technical and criminalistic support of the forensic experts’ research activities during crime scene investigation while specifying relevant statistical data. The author provides an analysis of the state of usage of the forensic equipment employed in obtaining and collecting evidence during crime scene investigation during preliminary investigation in the Republic of Tajikistan and other countries. The paper also covers the issues of knowledge, skills, and abilities of the subjects collecting and obtaining evidence for criminal cases and determines the requirements to to the knowledge, skills, and abilities of the forensic experts who participate in crime scene investigation.


2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-416
Author(s):  
James Marson ◽  
Katy Ferris ◽  
Jill Dickinson

Abstract On 19 July 2018, the Automated and Electric Vehicles Act 2018 (AEVA) received Royal Assent. As motor vehicles are becoming increasingly technologically based, with driving aids having taken over many of the more mundane (and possibly dangerous) aspects of driving from the driver, it is imperative that legislation keeps pace to determine the responsibilities of the parties. Motor insurance provides protection for those involved with vehicles and who may suffer harm, injury, and loss due to the negligence of the actors. This is most frequently driver error, but may also include manufacturing defects, which result in deaths and less serious injuries. It is also here where the intersection between torts and insurance laws needs careful management. It would be particularly unfair to ask drivers or third-party victims of motor vehicle accidents to seek redress from a manufacturer for losses incurred during the actions of an autonomous vehicle. Consumer law has historically removed this burden from affected consumers and it is entirely sensible for the law to protect individuals in an emerging field—and perhaps even more so given the trajectory of vehicles with driver-enabled qualities and the numbers of vehicles currently featuring such innovations. Yet, the AEVA consists of aspects which are troubling in respect of the motor insurance industry’s dominance of this market, the application of compulsory insurance, and exclusions and limitations to responsibility which expose policy holders and victims to EU-breaching levels of risk.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 674-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zyufyar Shakirovich Gataullin ◽  
Alexander Yurevich Epihin ◽  
Oleg Aleksandrovich Zaitsev ◽  
Ekaterina Pavlovna Grishina ◽  
Andrey Viktorovich Mishin

Purpose: Scientific views of processualists concerning Institute of jurors are given in the article. Some experts defend activity of jury, others - categorically against such form of legal proceedings. Methodology: The methodological basis of this research is made by a dialectic method. Special methods of knowledge were used: logic-legal; comparative, historical, sociological, system and structural, statistical, method of the analysis and synthesis, legal modeling. Result: On the basis of the analysis of statistical data and materials of jurisprudence the author's position of rather a criminal prosecution in court with the participation of jurors on criminal cases of terrorist orientation, in the conditions of absence at defendants of the right to petition on such court is stated. The need for differentiation of legality and expediency of restriction, constitutional rights of defendants on the jury is proved. The concrete measures directed to an increase in efficiency of criminal prosecution in the conditions of the constitutional state are proposed. Results of a poll of practical workers are given: investigators, prosecutors, and judges who spoke in favor of the made offers directed to an increase in efficiency of criminal legal proceedings. Applications: This research can be used for the universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of Criminal Prosecution of Terrorist Crimes in Jury Trial: Legality and Appropriateness is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.


Author(s):  
J. K. Serdioucov ◽  
◽  
D. Yu. Shkundia ◽  

One of the main objects of forensic research in the forensic veterinary industry is the corpses of animals, including cats. They are killed with the help of various tools or objects, dropped from a height, poisoned deliberately, as a result, the animals die. At the same time, the question of finding out the limitation period of death arises very often. In the branch of forensic veterinary medicine there are only a few scattered works, which present the results of studies of the criteria for establishing the limitation period of death. For research, various methodological approaches are used to study the dynamics and establish a correlation between the degree of development of post-mortem changes and the prescription of death. Today, a large number of methods and methods for determining the prescription of death of animals are known. The following methods are most often used: visual palpation, thermometric, experimental theoretical, morphological and morphometric, biophysical, biochemical. Thus, the determination of the prescription of limitation period of death is relevant, since the deaths of these animals are increasingly becoming the basis for the institution of criminal cases, in addition, the existing methods for establishing the prescription of the death of animals, including cats require further development of actual, statistical data for determining the prescription the limitation period of death, since the material accumulated for today is to a certain extent insufficient. Multifactorial methods for establishing the prescription of the limitation period of death using an integrated and systematic approach have not been developed.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.3) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perzyński Tomasz ◽  
Wojciechowski Jerzy ◽  
Łukasik Zbigniew

The paper presents an analysis of the system of automatic level crossing. The proposed system belongs to a group of linear devices that ensure safe movement of motor vehicles at intersections of railway and car roads. In the paper, the computational tasks were carried out. On the basis of statistical data, the THR rate, which is characteristic for rail transport, was estimated. An example of modeling railway automation systems based on Markov processes is also presented. 


Global Jurist ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazia Mannozzi

AbstractThis paper focuses on the possibility of adopting a restorative justice approach and introducing mediation in dealing with conflicts that arise in the health care system due to medical malpractice. It moves from the observation that the steep increase in reported criminal cases (mainly negligent bodily injuries and negligent homicide) involving physicians has encouraged the development of “defensive medicine.” This is a questionable practice by which physicians and surgeons hope to avoid criminal charges or civil actions resulting from their professional behavior. After presenting the available statistical data on medical malpractice and on “defensive medicine” in Italy, this paper will seek to evaluate whether the introduction of mediation – which is allowed by the Italian Act 67/2014 – can delay the adoption of an attitude of defensive medicine and, in a wider perspective, discusses whether restorative justice and mediation in the health care system are feasible and desirable.


2021 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Т.А. Диканова

В статье проведен анализ положений законодательства о полномочиях органов внутренних дел, связанных с обеспечением безопасности на автотранспорте. В этой связи анализируются новеллы законодательства о транспортной безопасности и основные нормативные правовые акты, которые их конкретизируют, применительно к автотранспорту. Указаны положительные стороны и недостатки этих новелл и практики их применения. Предлагаются некоторые меры, направленные на усиление роли органов внутренних дел на рассматриваемом участке работы. The article analyzesthe provisions of the legislation on the powers of the internal affairs bodies related to ensuring transport safety on motor vehicles. In this regard, the authors analyze the novelties of the legislation on transport security and the main regulatory legal acts that specify them in relation to motor transport. The author points out the positive aspects and disadvantages of these novels and the practice of their application. Some measures aimed at strengthening the role of the internal affairs bodies in this area of work are proposed.


Author(s):  
Nikolay Shuruhnov ◽  
Nikolay Mereckiy ◽  
Vladimir Ishigeev

The authors examine the legal preconditions and the actual grounds for the specific relations between the representatives of penitentiary administration and persons serving sentences or persons remanded in custody. They point out some causes for the antagonism of these groups and pay attention to historical documents containing ethical and legal norms that prescribe benevolent relations between citizens in different legal and actual conditions. Thus, the authors discuss some clauses of the Manifest on Duels of April 21, 1787 and the Instruction to the Regional Supervisors of the Prison Castle of April 9, 1831 prepared by the members of the Council of the Ministry of the Interior in Tsarist Russia. They also comment on some norms of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, Federal Laws and instructions, according to which the work of officials in the penitentiary system is based on the principles of legality, humanism, and respect for human rights. The authors draw attention to human rights protected by international and inter-continental legal documents, and the observance of inmates’ human rights by administrations of temporary detention facilities, pre-trial detention facilities, pre-trial detention regime wards, and correctional institutions. It is noted that this observance is controlled by different authorized agencies. The authors present statistical data for different periods that reflect the number of cases of justified use of physical force and special devices by penitentiary administrations against persons held in isolation, the number of cases of unlawful acts of officers against inmates, as well as the number of initiated criminal cases. They enumerate and thoroughly examine the causes of unlawful use of physical force and special devices against inmates. Some of the presented causes are proved by the analysis of specific criminal cases, courts’ verdicts, and analytical reports of Russian Federal Penitentiary Service. The authors attempt to present a brief prediction of the causes and conditions that will influence the future state of this problem.


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