scholarly journals FORMATION AND FUNCTIONING OF SYMBIOTIC SYSTEMS OF SOYA – BRADYRHIZOBIUM JAPONICUM FOR THE INFLUENCE OF COMPLEXES OF NANOPARTICLES OF CARBOXYLATES OF MICROELEMENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
S. Ya. Kots ◽  
L. I. Rybachenko ◽  
P. P. Pukhtayevych ◽  
K. A. Mokrytsky
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Feed Protein ◽  
High Yields

Objective. To study the effect of combined preparations based on highly active strains of Brad-yrhizobium japonicum and complexes of carboxylates of trace elements germanium, molybdenum, and ferrum on a symbiotic apparatus of soybean plants, in order to increase the efficiency of bacte-rial inoculants. Methods. Gas chromatography, microbiological, physiological. Results. The com-bination of a microbiological preparation based on efficient strains of nodule bacteria with complexes of nanoparticles of carboxylates Mo, Fe, Ge was found to promote the enhancement of nodulation activity, provide growth of mass of root nodules, activate the nitrogen-fixing activity of symbiotic soybean systems. When use the preparation combined with germanium and molyb-denum compounds, nitrogenase activity increases by 23–63 %, in combination with inoculum with germanium and ferrum nanocarboxylates — by 14–21 % depending on the phases of soybean or-ganogenesis. The complex application of biological and abiotic factors influencing the formation and functioning of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing systems contributes to the improvement of plant mor-phometric parameters and provides high yields of this crop. At the same time, it was established that germanium carboxylate complexes with molybdenum carboxylate, as well as germanium nanocarboxylates, should be used as effective stimulants for the formation of seed productivity of soybean plants and nitrogen-fixing activity of symbiotic systems created with their participation. In the experiment, soybean yield under the combination of B. japonicum with germanium and molyb-denum nanocarboxylates increased by 10 %, and by 13 % — under the complex application of bac-terial inoculum with germanium and ferrum carboxylate nanoparticles. Conclusion. Application of these complexes of nanocomponents in microbiological production technologies will allow plants to be supplied with additional nutritional elements, forming effective plant-microbial systems and ob-taining high and stable crops of environmentally safe food and feed protein.

Characterization of an ineffective actinorhizal microsymbiont, Frankia sp. EuI1 (Actinomycetales)

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1072-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwight Baker ◽  
William Newcomb ◽  
John G. Torrey
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Vesicle Formation ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Elaeagnus Umbellata

The actinomycete, Frankia sp. EuI1, isolated from root nodules of Elaeagnus umbellata is an infective endophyte but which lacks the ability to form an effective nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with its host. This ineffective organism can be distinguished easily from other frankiae, in vitro, on the basis of size, morphology, and the elaboration of a diffusible pigment. Cross-inoculation studies indicated that the host range of this symbiont is narrow and probably restricted to the Elaeagnaceae. In all cases of nodulation the symbiosis never developed nitrogenase activity and the microsymbiont never produced endophytic vesicles within the infected host cells. Sporangia were produced in vivo and in vitro so the morphogenetic block is apparently restricted to vesicle formation.

Isomalk-3 and Isomalk-3R Technologies for Production of Individual Light Paraffins as the Feed for Petrochemical Facilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
A. N. Shakun ◽  
◽  
M. L. Fedorova ◽  
T. V. Karpenko ◽  
E.V. Demidova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Catalytic Isomerization ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Light Paraffins ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Oxygen Impurities ◽  
Value Added Products

The article discusses the new environmentally friendly catalytic technologies for processing butane cut, developed by SIE Neftehim LLC, giving wide opportunities for involving LPG in production of commercial value-added products. Development of petrochemical industry has created a demand for technologies and catalysts that enhance the economic efficiency of petrochemical products’ manufacturing and expand the feed base of petrochemical facilities without involving primary processing feeds. As the environmentally safe and economically effective solution, SIE Neftehim, LLC offers Isomalk-3 technology to produce maximum amount of isobutane, and Isomalk-3R technology to produce maximum amount of n-butane from isobutane cut. Application of Isomalk-3R technology expands the feed base for ethylene production due to isomerization of isobutane by-product to n-butane. N-butane is a valuable feed for pyrolysis units, providing high yields of ethylene, propylene, and n-butene used for polymer production. In turn, obtaining additional amounts of isobutane is possible due to application of n-butane to isobutane catalytic isomerization technology Isomalk-3. Isobutane cut produced in Isomalk-3 technology is notable for its high purity: the isobutane content may exceed 99 wt.%, it has no sulfur, nitrogen, chlorine, and oxygen impurities. Isobutane is in demand as the feed for production of alkylate, butyl rubber, oxygenates (MTBE and ETBE), isooctane. Isomalk-3 and Isomalk-3R processes do not require injection of chlorinating reagents, and the highly active catalytic system is resistant to poisons and impurities. Isomalk-3 and Isomalk-3R process designs are very similar, which allows integrating two units into one for alternate production of n-butane and isobutane.

Nitrogenase activity in response to restricted shoot growth in Alnus incana

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 2949-2955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Huss-Danell ◽  
Anita Sellstedt
Keyword(s):  
Root Biomass ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Alnus Incana ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Combined Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Compounds ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
Nitrogen Percentage

In the Alnus–Frankia symbiosis the nitrogen-fixing root nodules are one of the sinks for carbon compounds newly formed in photosynthesis and exported from the leaves (source). The competition for assimilates between shoot tips and root nodules was studied by reducing shoot growth. Cloned plants of Alnus incana (L.) Moench were grown without combined nitrogen in a growth chamber. Shoot growth was inhibited by excision of all buds or by induced dormancy. The experiments showed an increased root biomass in the treated plants, indicating a changed source–sink balance. The treatments never caused an increased nitrogenase activity (C2H2-dependent C2H4 production); rather it was decreased. The nitrogenase activity was always correlated with leaf areas. It was also correlated with growth, which is shown by the similar nitrogen percentage in intact and treated plants.

scholarly journals Bacterial IAA-Delivery into Medicago Root Nodules Triggers a Balanced Stimulation of C and N Metabolism Leading to a Biomass Increase

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Defez ◽  
Anna Andreozzi ◽  
Silvia Romano ◽  
Gabriella Pocsfalvi ◽  
Immacolata Fiume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Genomic Changes ◽  
N Metabolism ◽  
C And N ◽  
Biomass Increase

Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is the main auxin acting as a phytohormone in many plant developmental processes. The ability to synthesize IAA is widely associated with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Several studies have been published on the potential application of PGPR to improve plant growth through the enhancement of their main metabolic processes. In this study, the IAA-overproducing Ensifer meliloti strain RD64 and its parental strain 1021 were used to inoculate Medicago sativa plants. After verifying that the endogenous biosynthesis of IAA did not lead to genomic changes during the initial phases of the symbiotic process, we analyzed whether the overproduction of bacterial IAA inside root nodules influenced, in a coordinated manner, the activity of the nitrogen-fixing apparatus and the photosynthetic function, which are the two processes playing a key role in legume plant growth and productivity. Higher nitrogen-fixing activity and a greater amount of total nitrogen (N), carbon (C), Rubisco, nitrogen-rich amino acids, soluble sugars, and organic acids were measured for RD64-nodulated plants compared to the plants nodulated by the wild-type strain 1021. Furthermore, the RD64-nodulated plants showed a biomass increase over time, with the highest increment (more than 60%) being reached at six weeks after infection. Our findings show that the RD64-nodulated plants need more substrate derived from photosynthesis to generate the ATP required for their increased nitrogenase activity. This high carbohydrate demand further stimulates the photosynthetic function with the production of molecules that can be used to promote plant growth. We thus speculate that the use of PGPR able to stimulate both C and N metabolism with a balanced C/N ratio represents an efficient strategy to obtain substantial gains in plant productivity.

scholarly journals THE FORMATION OF NITROGEN-FIXING ROOT NODULES BУ SOYBEAN PLANTS UNDER THE USE OF POST-EMERGENCE HERBICIDES, PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR AND MІCROFERTILIZER

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
R. A. Gutyanskyi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
High Yield Potential

The formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules, plant mass and soybean yield under the use of post-emergence herbicides and their combinations with plant growth regulator Athonic Plus and mіcrofertilizer Nanomix was studied. It was established that application of tank mixtures of post-emergence herbicides had led to the reduction of number and mass of nitrogenfixing nodules on the roots of soybean plants. Application of the Athonic Plus and Nanomix preparations, on the contrary, had promoted studied indices. The maximum soybean yield was observed in the variants with tank mixtures of herbicides Nabob + Fabіan + Mіura and Nabob + Fusillade Forte 150 EC. Combination of Athonic Plus and Nanomix preparations with post-emergence herbicides had resulted in the reduction of the herbicides efficiency against weeds, which had prevented to unleash high yield potential of the crop.

FEATURES OF THE WINTER WHITE CABBAGE VARIETIES GENERATIVE DEVELOPMENT

1970 ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
R. E. Kazakhmedov ◽  
М. А Magomedova
Keyword(s):  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Stem Extension ◽  
Market Competitiveness ◽  
White Cabbage ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Selection Tasks ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
High Yields

One of the modern selection tasks in vegetable growing is quality products improving, obtaining high yields of environmentally safe wide assortment vegetables. To the new varieties of vegetable crops including winter white cabbage are specified new requirements such as market competitiveness, resistance to unfavorable environmental conditions, heat resistance of the varieties and F1 hybrids. The article is shown investigation results about studies of exogenous treatment by solutions on the base of physiologically active compounds of hormonal nature on the started process of stem extension stage activation and flowering of winter white cabbage plants. For the first time in the Dagestan conditions has been studied the possibility of hormonal regulation of the premature stem extension stage and flowering prevention of winter white cabbage after the initiation of natural induction. In our studies with an early planting there are not more than 20% of blooming plants, most varieties showed a high propensity to premature stem extension stage and flowering. The possibility of the hormonal exogenous regulation of the unfavorable winter white cabbage flowering has been revealed. The most pronounced effect on the transition to stem extension stage and flowering were provided by auxin nature preparations. In particular, treatment with NAS at a dose of 5 mg / l significantly reduced the number of blossom plants, krezatsin (50 mg / l) had a similar effect, but it was less pronounced. The use of cabbage in winter crops makes it possible to obtain two or three yields per year from the same area. Creation and introduction into production of promising and high-yielding varieties and hybrids will allow increasing production and reducing its cost.

The Molecular Diversity Scope of Urazole in the Synthesis of Organic Compounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 953-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghodsi M. Ziarani ◽  
Fatemeh Mohajer ◽  
Razieh Moradi ◽  
Parisa Mofatehnia
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Microtubule Assembly ◽  
Heterocyclic Molecules ◽  
Biological Perspective ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Short Time

Background: As a matter of fact, nitrogen as a hetero atom among other atoms has had an important role in active biological compounds. Since heterocyclic molecules with nitrogen are highly demanded due to biological properties, 4-phenylurazole as a compound containing nitrogen might be important in the multicomponent reaction used in agrochemicals, and pharmaceuticals. Considering the case of fused derivatives “pyrazolourazoles” which are highly applicable because of their application for analgesic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activities as HSP-72 induction inhibitors (I and III) and novel microtubule assembly inhibitors. It should be mentioned that spiro-pyrazole also has biological activities like cytotoxic, antimicrobial, anticonvulsant, antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and cardiotonic activities. Objective: Urazole has been used in many heterocyclic compounds which are valuable in organic syntheses. This review disclosed the advances in the use of urazole as the starting material in the synthesis of various biologically active molecules from 2006 to 2019. Conclusion: Compounds of urazole (1,2,4-triazolidine-3,5-dione) are the most important molecules which are highly active from the biological perspective in the pharmaceuticals as well as polymers. In summary, many protocols for preparations of the urazole derivatives from various substrates in multi-component reactions have been reported from different aromatic and aliphatic groups which have had carbonyl groups in their structures. It is noted that several catalysts have been synthesized to afford applicable molecules with urazole scaffolds. In some papers, being environmentally friendly, short time reactions and high yields are highlighted in the protocols. There is a room to synthesize new catalysts and perform new reactions by manipulating urazole to produce biologically active compounds, even producing chiral urazole component as many groups of chiral urazole compounds are important from biological perspective.

scholarly journals Paraburkholderia phymatum Homocitrate Synthase NifV Plays a Key Role for Nitrogenase Activity during Symbiosis with Papilionoids and in Free-Living Growth Conditions

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 952
Author(s):  
Paula Bellés-Sancho ◽  
Martina Lardi ◽  
Yilei Liu ◽  
Sebastian Hug ◽  
Marta Adriana Pinto-Carbó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Lysine Biosynthesis ◽  
Metabolome Analysis ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Bacterial Enzyme ◽  
Homocitrate Synthase ◽  
Iron Molybdenum Cofactor

Homocitrate is an essential component of the iron-molybdenum cofactor of nitrogenase, the bacterial enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of dinitrogen (N2) to ammonia. In nitrogen-fixing and nodulating alpha-rhizobia, homocitrate is usually provided to bacteroids in root nodules by their plant host. In contrast, non-nodulating free-living diazotrophs encode the homocitrate synthase (NifV) and reduce N2 in nitrogen-limiting free-living conditions. Paraburkholderia phymatum STM815 is a beta-rhizobial strain, which can enter symbiosis with a broad range of legumes, including papilionoids and mimosoids. In contrast to most alpha-rhizobia, which lack nifV, P. phymatum harbors a copy of nifV on its symbiotic plasmid. We show here that P. phymatum nifV is essential for nitrogenase activity both in root nodules of papilionoid plants and in free-living growth conditions. Notably, nifV was dispensable in nodules of Mimosa pudica despite the fact that the gene was highly expressed during symbiosis with all tested papilionoid and mimosoid plants. A metabolome analysis of papilionoid and mimosoid root nodules infected with the P. phymatum wild-type strain revealed that among the approximately 400 measured metabolites, homocitrate and other metabolites involved in lysine biosynthesis and degradation have accumulated in all plant nodules compared to uninfected roots, suggesting an important role of these metabolites during symbiosis.

scholarly journals Delayed Senescence in Soybean: Terminology, Research Update, and Survey Results from Growers

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Harbach ◽  
T. W. Allen ◽  
C. R. Bowen ◽  
J. A. Davis ◽  
C. B. Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Biotic Factors ◽  
Delayed Senescence ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Grower Survey ◽  
Specific Symptoms

The terms used to describe symptoms of delayed senescence in soybean often are used inconsistently or interchangeably and do not adequately distinguish the observed symptoms in the field. Various causes have been proposed to explain the development of delayed senescence symptoms. In this article, we review published reports on delayed senescence symptoms in soybean, summarize current research findings, provide examples of terms related to specific symptoms, and present an overview of the results of a multi-state survey directed to soybean growers to understand their concerns about delayed soybean senescence. Some of these terms, such as green bean syndrome and green stem syndrome, describe symptoms induced by biotic factors, while other terms describe symptoms associated with abiotic factors. Some delayed senescence terms involve the whole plant remaining green while other terms include just the stem and other plant parts such as pods. In the grower survey, 77% reported observing soybean plants or plant parts that remained green after most plants in the field were fully mature with ripe seed. Most respondents attributed these symptoms to changes in breeding and choice of cultivars. At the end of this article, we standardized the terms used to describe delayed senescence in soybean. Accepted for publication 23 March 2016. Published 15 April 2016.

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