Circle therapy for headache management: case studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rafiq
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Psychological Pain ◽  
Current Case ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Subjective Pain ◽  
Headache Management ◽  
Test Use ◽  
Pain Rating Scale

Recent findings have indicated that hypnotic interventions produce significant decrease in pain intensity. This current case studies are focused to highlight significant impact on pain management including headache. All the patients underwent a complete observation and clinical interview and only patients with psychological pain were included in the study group. For the management of headache, a novel hypnotic intervention - Circle Therapy (CT), was applied on a group of ten patients indicating their pain intensity in the range of 8-10 on subjective pain rating scale. According to rating scale, headache above 8 was considered as severe, 5-8 moderate and < 5 as mild.  CT is a brief hypnotic technique limited to about 10 min. Post hypnosis ratings were also measured. The pre and post hypnosis data were recorded and analyzed by paired samples t test. Use of CT showed significant results between pre and post rating e.g. 9 ± 0.25 vs. 1 ± 0.21 (p < 0.001). This brief CT intervention provided an immediate relief from headache, however, this is limited to few case studies focusing on just headache. So, we recommend large sample studies to document the effects of CT in different types of pain. Citation: Rafiq M. Circle therapy for headache management: case studies. Anaesth pain intensive care 2020;24(1):__ DOI: https://doi.org/10.35975/apic.v24i1. Received – 28 December 2019; Reviewed – 10 January 2020; Accepted - 10 January 2020;

scholarly journals Effect of acupuncture TENS versus conventional TENS on post cesarean section incision pain

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3738
Author(s):  
Priti A. Mehendale ◽  
Mayur T. Revadkar
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Random Allocation ◽  
Lower Segment Caesarean Section ◽  
Post Operative Pain ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Pain Rating Scale

Background: There is evidence regarding beneficial use of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) on post Lower Segment Caesarean Section (LSCS) incision pain. However, efficacy of different types of TENS following C section pain has not yet been explored adequately.Methods: 96 women who had recently undergone LSCS were included for the study. The subjects were in the age group of 20 to 40 years (25.84±3.96); having pain intensity 4 or more on Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). They were divided into three groups by random allocation method; namely Group A: Acupuncture (Low/Motor) TENS, Group B: Conventional (High/Sensory) TENS and Group C: Control group. Group A and B received specific type of TENS twice a day for 15 minutes. Control group C did not receive any TENS intervention. All subjects received standard post-operative medications and physiotherapy. Pain intensity was recorded on NPRS pre and post intervention.Results: Both Acupuncture TENS and Conventional TENS significantly decreased post-operative pain intensity as compared to control group (p value <0.0001).Conclusions: Both, acupuncture and conventional TENS are equally effective in reducing post LSCS incision pain at a strong and non-painful intensity.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Progressive Resisted Exercise along with Conventional Exercise and Conventional Exercise Program alone in Subjects with Text Neck Syndrome

2021 ◽  
pp. 536-542
Author(s):  
Divya Jain ◽  
Swapna Jawade ◽  
Neha Chitale
Keyword(s):  
Neck Pain ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Conventional Therapy ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Neck Disability Index ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Pain Rating ◽  
Numerical Pain Rating Scale ◽  
Neck Disability ◽  
Pain Rating Scale

Background: "Text neck" is a term coined to describe the posture created by leaning forward for lengthy periods of time, such as when reading and texting on a cellphone which has been linked to stress injuries. Neck pain, upper back discomfort, shoulder pain, frequent headaches, and greater curvature of the spine are all dangerous indications of text neck. According to a survey, 35% of smartphone users suffer from text neck syndrome. People between the ages of 15 and 18 are more likely to have neck pain. This protocol has been created that describes the design of comparative study to evaluate effectiveness of progressive resisted exercise along with conventional exercise and conventional exercise program alone in text neck syndrome. Methods: The participants (n=80) will be recruited in the study suffering from text neck syndrome and meeting the inclusion criteria. Two groups will be formed such that patients in group A will be treated with conventional therapy and group B will be treated with progressive resisted exercise (PRE) along with conventional therapy. The protocol will cover 4 weeks of treatment. In the rehabilitation period, we will evaluate the pain intensity, strength of neck muscles and functional activity. Our outcome measures will be- Numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) and Neck disability index (NDI). Discussion: Efficacy of the intervention will be evaluated by analyzing the pain intensity by using Numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) and level of functional disability by using Neck disability index (NDI). The result of the study will significantly provide affirmation on either using combination therapy of PRE with conventional exercise or conventional exercise alone.

Faces scales in paediatric pain assessment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Bliss
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Pain Scales ◽  
Pain Rating Scale

The landmark paper discussed in this chapter is a systematic review assessing the commonly used faces pain scales employed to aid children in the self-report of their pain intensity. The review provides a critical evaluation of the Faces Pain Scale, the Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R), the Oucher pain scale, and the Wong–Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFPRS). The reviewers found that the psychometric properties of the FPS-R supported its superiority for use in research. Although they found that children, and many staff, expressed a preference for the WBFPRS, the reviewers had major concerns about this scale confounding pain intensity with affect. They also noted the paucity of research in younger children, and concluded that future research should not focus on developing more pain scales for paediatric use but on examining the appropriate application of existing scales in a wider range of clinical settings.

The visual time analog scale: simple, novel measurement approach to assess pain in patients with chronic pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-368
Author(s):  
Akiko Okifuji ◽  
Reiko Mitsunaga ◽  
Yuri Kida ◽  
Gary W Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Chronic Back Pain ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Numerical Pain Rating Scale ◽  
Chronic Pain Patients ◽  
Pain Patients ◽  
Pain Rating Scale ◽  
Measurement Approach

Aim: We conducted a preliminary evaluation of a newly developed, time-based visual time analog (VITA) scale for measuring pain in chronic pain patients. Materials & methods: 40 patients with chronic back pain rated their pain over four visits using numerical (pain) rating scale (NRS) and VITA assessing pain intensity by distributing the amount of time spent on ‘not aware of pain’ (blue), ‘aware of nothing but pain’ (red) and time in between (yellow). Results: The NRS scores were correlated with the VITA Red but not with VITA Blue. The psychometric analyses revealed that VITA achieved greater reliability and sensitivity than did NRS. Conclusion: The results provide preliminary support for VITA scale for assessing pain intensity in patients with chronic pain.

scholarly journals A Role of Complementary Medicine in Rehabilitation of Military Traumatic Brain Injuries

Pain medicine ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2/1) ◽  
pp. 8-8
Author(s):  
T Shitikov ◽  
O Shayrin ◽  
L Danilko
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Manual Therapies ◽  
Pain Rating ◽  
Post Concussion Syndrome ◽  
Pain Rating Scale

Background: Military service members and veterans face health issues related to traumat-ic brain injury (TBI), especially during combat, use of heavy equipment, and exposures to environmental hazards and explosives. There were 1.000 TBIs reported in deployed Ukra-nian troops during Russian-Ukranian war in 2014–2017. Studies have indicated that some manual therapies could be helpful for treating patients who have post-concussive syndrome. Objective: This case series report de-scribes the effects of CranioSacral Therapy (CST), Visceral Manipulation (VM), and Neu-ro-muscular Manipulation (NM) modalities for treating patients who have post-concussion syndrome. The goal of this study was to evalu-ate these effects on immobility, pain intensity, quality of life, sleep disorders, and cognition in these patients. Materials and Methods: This single-blind-ed case series was conducted at the Volunteer rehabilitation center, Dnipro, Ukraine. The pa-tients were 45 male participationers of Ukra-nian military forces who had been medically diagnosed with post-concussion syndrome. Each participant received a morning and af-ternoon 1-hour session of these three spe-cific manual therapies, which were capable of accessing and addressing the structural, vascular, and neuro-muscular tissues of the Cranium, Neck, Diafragm, Peritoneal bag and brain-as well addressing far-reaching ramifi-cations throughout the body following trauma. The main outcome measures were scores on the: Impact Neurocognitive Test; Blood Oxigen Saturation Test; Short Form-36 Quality of Life Survey, Headache Impact Test, a numeric pain rating scale; orthopedic range of motion tests (ROM); and vestibular testing. Hours of sleep were also checked. These outcome measures were registered at baseline, after treatment, and after a 3–6-month follow up. Results: Statistically significant differenc-es were seen with a decrease in overall pain rating scale scores (P = 0.034), and cranio-cer-vicogenic pain levels decreased (P = 0.047). There were statistically significant increases of blood oxigen saturation (P = 0.033), Mem-ory Test (P = 0.017) scores, and cervical ROM scores (P = 0.036). Hours of sleep averaged 1 hours on the first day of treatment and in-creased to 2.0 hours at the end of treatment. Results were continuing to increase, as noted at a 5-month evaluation. Conclusions: Six sessions of specific CST/VM/NM therapy resulted in statistically great-er improvements in pain intensity, ROM, mem-ory, cognition, blood oxigen saturation and breathing in concussed patients.

Clinical importance of changes in chronic pain intensity measured on an 11-point numerical pain rating scale

Pain ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Farrar ◽  
James P. Young ◽  
Linda LaMoreaux ◽  
John L. Werth ◽  
Michael R. Poole
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Pain Rating ◽  
Numerical Pain Rating Scale ◽  
Pain Rating Scale

scholarly journals TERAPI SLOW DEEP BREATHING DENGAN BERMAIN MENIUP BALING-BALING TERHADAP INTENSITAS NYERI PADA ANAK YANG DILAKUKAN PENYUNTIKAN ANESTESI SIRKUMSISI

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Hesti Wahyuni ◽  
Setyawati Setyawati ◽  
Iin Inayah
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Pain Rating ◽  
Deep Breathing ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Pain Rating Scale ◽  
Group Post

ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Sirkumsisi merupakan tindakan yang memerlukan persiapan, salah satunya tindakan anestesi. Selama sirkumsisi, rasa nyeri akan dirasakan hanya pada saat penyuntikan anestesi. Perawat sering kesulitan melakukan prosedur penyuntikan anestesi sirkumsisi karena anak sering menolak dilakukan tindakan keperawatan yang akan menimbulkan rasa nyeri. Salah satu manajemen non farmakologi untuk menurunkan nyeri pada anak adalah terapi slow deep breathing sambil bermain meniup baling-baling. Tujuan: mengidentifikasi pengaruh terapi slow deep breathing dengan bermain meniup baling-baling terhadap intensitas nyeri pada anak yang dilakukan penyuntikan anestesi sirkumsisi. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan quasi eksperimental dengan control group post test. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh anak yang dilakukan penyuntikan anestesi sirkumsisi di Klinik Khitan Kencana Medika. Sampel yang digunakan berjumlah 36 anak, 18 anak kelompok intervensi dan 18 anak kelompok kontrol. Respon nyeri diukur menggunakan Faces Pain Rating Scale. Hasil: penelitian dianalisis menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney menunjukkan  ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok intervensi dan kontrol dengan p-value < 0,001 dan nilai signifikansi alpha £ 0,05. Kesimpulan penelitian ada pengaruh terapi slow deep breathing dengan bermain meniup baling-baling terhadap intensitas nyeri pada anak yang dilakukan penyuntikan anestesi sirkumsisi.   Kata kunci: anak, nyeri, penyuntikan anestesi sirkumsisi, slow deep breathing   ABSTRACT Introduction: Circumcision is treatment which needed preparation, one of them is anesthesia treatment. As long as circumcision treatment, pain will be feel only at the time anesthesia circumcision injection. Nurses often have difficult to make action procedure of anesthesia circumcision injection because children often refuse to procedures which will occurs pain feeling. One of non pharmacology managements to reduce pain on children by giving children breath is playing with a blow vane. Objective: The purpose of study to identify the effect of slow deep breathing therapy by playing with a blow vane to pain intensity on children with anesthesia circumcision injection. Methods: This study used a quasi experimental design by control group post test. Populations were all children who had been performed anesthesia circumcision injection in Kencana Medika Circumcision Clinic. Used 36 samples consist of 18 samples were in intervention and control group. Pain response was measured by Faces Pain Rating Scale. Result: The results were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney showed there are significant differencebetweenthe interventionandcontrolgroups with ap-value of0.000 and α £ 0.05. The conclusioniseffect of slow deep breathing theraphy by playing with a blow vane to pain intensity on children with anesthesia circumcision injection. Keywords: anesthesia circumcision injection, children, pain, slow deep breathing Full printable version: PDF

scholarly journals Cryotherapy Dan Intensitas Nyeri Pada Injeksi Intrakutan

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Evelin Malinti ◽  
Febri A Nabuasa
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Pain Rating ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Numerical Pain Rating Scale ◽  
Group I ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Intracutaneous Injection ◽  
Pain Rating Scale

CRYOTHERAPY DAN INTENSITAS NYERI PADA INJEKSI INTRAKUTAN Abstrak Cryotherapy merupakan aplikasi terapi suhu rendah atau dingin yang digunakan untuk berbagai keperluan seperti mengurangi pembengkakan pada trauma, peradangan dan mengurangi nyeri. Cryotherapy juga telah digunakan untuk menangani nyeri pada prosedur penyuntikan seperti penyuntikan subkutan dan intravena. Secara khusus penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi perbedaan efek dari cryotherapy kering dan basah pada intensitas nyeri injeksi intrakutan. Metode: yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah quasi ekperimen dengan post-test design. Pemilihan sample menggunakan teknik purposive sampling untuk memperoleh total 54 responden yang dibagi kedalam dua kelompok. Penelitian ini membandingkan intensitas nyeri kedua kelompok menggunakan numerical pain rating scale. Masing-masing kelompok mendapatkan aplikasi cryotherapy pada area penyuntikan selama 5 menit sebelum dilakukan injeksi intrakutan. Kelompok I diberikan aplikasi cryotherapy dalam bentuk es batu dalam plastik es yang dibungkus kantong kain. Kelompok II diberikan aplikasi washlap yang telah dicelupkan dalam air es. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata intensitas nyeri pada kelompok I berada pada kategori nyeri sedang, dan kelompok II berada pada kategori nyeri berat terkontrol. Uji t-independen menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada intensitas nyeri diantara kedua kelompok (p<0.05). Dengan demikian aplikasi cryotherapy dengan es batu selama 5 menit lebih efektif mengurangi intensitas nyeri pada injeksi intrakutan. Aplikasi cryotherapy dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi nyeri pada injeksi intrakutan. CRYOTHERAPY AND PAIN INTENSITY ON INTRACUTANEOUS INJECTION  Abstract Cryotherapy is an application of low or cold temperature therapy that is used for various purposes such as reducing swelling in trauma, inflammation and reducing pain. Cryotherapy has also been used to treat pain in injection procedures such as subcutaneous and intravenous injections. In particular, this study aimed to evaluate the differences in the effects of dry and wet cryotherapy on the pain intensity of intracutaneous injection. The method used in this study is quasi experiment with post-test design. The sample selection uses a purposive sampling technique to obtain a total of 54 respondents divided into two groups. This study compared the intensity of pain between the two groups using the numerical pain rating scale. Each group received an application of cryotherapy in the injection area for 5 minutes before intracutaneous injection. Group I was given the application of cryotherapy in the form of ice cubes in ice plastic wrapped in a cloth bag. Group II was given the washlap application which had been dipped in ice water. The results showed that the average pain intensity in group I was in the moderate pain category, and group II was in the category of heavily controlled pain. Independent t-test showed that there were significant differences in pain intensity between the two groups (p <0.05). Thus the application of cryotherapy with ice cube for 5 minutes is more effective in reducing pain intensity in intracutaneous injection. The application of cryotherapy can be done to reduce pain in intracutaneous injection.  

scholarly journals KORELASI INDEKS MASSA TUBUH DENGAN DERAJAT KEPARAHAN SERANGAN MIGREN TANPA AURA

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andry Andry ◽  
Muhammad Akbar ◽  
Hasmawati Basir
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Migraine Attack ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pain Rating ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Numeric Pain Rating Scale ◽  
Pain Rating Scale

  THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE BODY MASS INDEX AND THE SEVERITY OF MIGRAINE ATTACK WITHOUT AURAABSTRACTIntroduction: In Indonesia, there has been only a few studies that correlate Body Mass Index (BMI) to severity of migraine.Aim: To identify the correlation between the body mass index and the severity of migraine attack  without aura.Methods:  The research used the cross sectional design method. The subjects’ age was 18 years or above, and they were treated at the neurology outpatient clinic of Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital and its networking hospitals from June through September 2018. The measurement of Body Mass Index (BMI) of the subjects was conducted, and the level of migraine severity was determined using the numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), while the frequency of migraine attacks was determined in 1 month during the last 3 months  of the study.Results: The research results revealed that 45 samples met the inclusion criteria, consisting of 86.7% women and 13.3% men. By using Spearman’s test, it was found that there was a correlation between the BMI and the pain intensity, and between the BMI and the frequency of the migraine attacks.Discussion: There were correlations between BMI and pain intensity which confounded by sleep disorder and mi- graine prophylaxis, and between BMI and the frequency of migraine attacks which confounded by prophylaxis of migraine without aura.Keywords: BMI, migraine rant, obesity, severityABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Penelitian yang menghubungkan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) dengan derajat keparahan migren masih sedikit di Indonesia.Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan IMT dengan derajat keparahan serangan migren tanpa aura.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode potong lintang. Subjek berumur 18 tahun atau lebih dan berobat ke Poliklinik Neurologi RSUP Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo dan rumah sakit jejaring antara Juni hingga September 2018. Terhadap subjek dilakukan pengukuran IMT. Derajat keparahan migren ditentukan secara kuantitatif melalui penggunaan numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) dan ditentukan frekuensi serangan migren dalam satu bulan pada interval tiga bulan terakhir saat dilakukan penelitian.Hasil: Didapatkan 45 sampel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi yang terdiri dari 86,7% perempuan dan 13,3% laki-la- ki. Dengan menggunakan uji Spearman, didapatkan korelasi antara IMT dan tingkat nyeri dan frekuensi serangan migren.Diskusi: Terdapat korelasi antara IMT, dengan tingkat nyeri yang dirancu dengan gangguan tidur, dan pengobatan preventif, dan antara IMT dengan frekuensi serangan yang dirancu dengan pengobatan preventif  pada penderita migren tanpa aura.Kata kunci: Derajat keparahan, IMT, migren, obesitas  

Efficacy Analysis of Capsaicin 8% Patch in Neuropathic Peripheral Pain Treatment

Pharmacology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 101 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 290-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Tenreiro Pinto ◽  
Frederico C. Pereira ◽  
Maria C. Loureiro ◽  
Ricardo Gama ◽  
Hugo L. Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Pain Rating ◽  
Treatment Area ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Numerical Pain Rating Scale ◽  
Topical Capsaicin ◽  
Pain Rating Scale

Background/Aims: Several guidelines for neuropathic pain management and various effective drugs are available; however, neuropathic pain remains undertreated. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of topical capsaicin 8% in peripheral neuropathic pain in a routine clinical setting. Methods: Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated through pain intensity, using numerical pain rating scale at baseline and 7–14 days after each treatment, and using pain treatment area (PTA) assessed immediately before each treatment. Results: A total of 43 patients with either post-herpetic neuralgia or post-traumatic/post-surgical neuropathic pain were enrolled. The median percentage reduction in numerical pain rating scale score and in PTA was –40.0 (–50.0 to –33.3; 95% CI, bootstrap) and –35.1 (–50.9 to 3.4; 95% CI, bootstrap), respectively. Pain intensity and PTA were equally improved and reduced in both treated conditions. Conclusion: This study suggests that topical capsaicin 8% reduces peripheral neuropathic pain as well as treatment pain area.

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