scholarly journals TO EXPLORE THE ASSOCIATION OF SYMPTOMS OF OCULAR AND GENERALASTHENOPIA IN CHILDREN OF THE AGE GROUP OF 2 - 18 YEARS DURING COVID19 PANDEMIC WITH THE DURATION OF SCREEN TIME, AS REPORTED BY PARENTS AND FIND OUT WAYS TO MITIGATE THE SAME

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-45
Author(s):  
Col (dr) Anirudh Singh ◽  
Dr Anjali Maheshwari ◽  
Wg Cdr (Dr) Atul Kumar Singh ◽  
Gp Capt (Dr) Mansur Ali Khan
Keyword(s):  
Screen Time ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Online Classes ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Online Lectures ◽  
The Impact

Aim : To explore the association of symptoms of ocular and general aesthenopia in children of the age group of 2 – 18 years during COVID19 pandemic with the duration of screen time, as reported by parents and find out ways to mitigate the same. Setting and design: E-survey duly approved by Institutional review board, was conducted wherein the questionnaire was sent to multiple forums randomly across the country via google forms Methods and Material: Data was automatically stored on submitting questionnaire by user from where information was collected and inferences were made. Result: 1000 questionnaires were sent out of which we received responses. There were a significant number of children who were facing difficulties to cope up with higher screen time due to transition of classroom lectures to online lectures during COVID-19 pandemic. The study revealed that 49.7% used mobile phones as their primary device for online classes as well as entertainment purposes and 24.1 % children used overall screen time of more than 4 hours. About 11.6% complained of redness of eyes, 10.2% of burning sensation and 11.9% of watering on prolonged usage of electronic devices. Systemic complaints include sleep disturbances in 24.6%, irritability in 23.4%, tiredness in 13.1 %. Conclusion: Use of technology is part and parcel of our daily lifestyle. It has evolved to become a necessity rather than a mere choice; especially during the COVID-19 pandemic scenario specifically affecting school going children with the shift of classroom teaching to online lectures increasing the already high screen time. Suggestions to mitigate and reduce the impact of the same have been considered as well.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of Myopia in Spain

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina C. Alvarez-Peregrina ◽  
Miguel Angel M. A. Sanchez-Tena ◽  
Clara C. Martinez-Perez ◽  
Cesar C. Villa-Collar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Family History ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Geographical Data ◽  
Binocular Function ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Eye Examination ◽  
The Impact

Objective. To analyse the prevalence of myopia among a sample of more than 6000 children in Spain as well as to determine the impact of risk factors in its progression. Methodology. A total of 6,152 children aged from 5 to 7 were examined. The participants underwent an eye examination that included visual acuity, refraction without cycloplegia, and tests of accommodative and binocular function. In addition, a questionnaire regarding their lifestyle, family history, and geographical data was carried out. Finally, data were analysed using the SPSS version 25 program. Results. The prevalence of myopia in the sample of children studied has increased from 17% in 2016 to 20% in 2017. Likewise, the number of children with high myopia has also increased, from 1.7% in 2016 to 3.6% in 2017. 43.3% of the participants spent more than 3 hours a day doing near activities, and 48.9% of this group spent more than 50% of this time using electronic devices. In addition, only 9.7% spent more than 2.5 hours outdoors each day. Conclusion. Myopia prevalence appears to be increasing in Spain. Lifestyle factors appear to be increasing the risk of myopia.

scholarly journals The impact of electronic devices on the physical growth and development of modern youth and recommendations on their safe use

2019 ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
O.Yu. Milushkina ◽  
N.A. Skoblina ◽  
S.V. Markelova ◽  
A.A. Tatarinchik ◽  
E.P. Melikhova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
High School Students ◽  
University Students ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
The Impact

The impact of excessive exposure to electronic devices (ED) on youth health remains understudied. There is a pressing need to develop recommendations for the safe use of stationary and mobile ED aimed at minimizing health risks. In this work, we assess the effect of ED on the physical growth and development of high-school and university students and provide recommendations for preventing the negative impact of prolonged screen time on health. The study recruited 460 high-school and 598 university students. Standard anthropometric measurements were taken. The psychological and emotional state of the participants was evaluated using the Test Anxiety Inventory by Spielberg (modified by Khanin). To estimate daily and weekly exposure to ED the participants were asked to fill out standardized questionnaires. In high school students, the average screen time was 7 h a day; in university students, 8.5 to 10 h a day. Only 60% of the participants, regardless of their place of residence or the type of educational institution they were attending, were physically healthy. We conclude that prolonged and frequent exposure to ED is one of the factors that can interfere with normal physical growth and development in youth. Regular daily use of stationary ED increases the risk of developing body weight deficit by 24% and gaining excess body weight by 10%. We recommend that students should eliminate computers, laptops and stationary ED from their daily activities for at least one day at the weekend and reduce total screen time to 3 hours a day.

IMPACT OF COVID 19 LOCKDOWN ON CHILD HEALTH AND BEHAVIOUR

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
Kiran Rajesh ◽  
Rahul Dawre ◽  
Aarti Kinikar ◽  
Chhaya Valvi ◽  
Uday Rajput
Keyword(s):  
Screen Time ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Mobile Phone Usage ◽  
Sleeping Habits ◽  
The Impact

Background: Lockdown was imposed in various countries in response to the COVID 19 pandemic. While the deleterious effects of prolonged social isolation in adults is well understood, further studies are required to gauge its effect on children, their responses to the prevailing circumstances and its effects on both physical and mental health. This study aims to analyse the impact on health and behaviour of children following the imposition of lockdown. Methods: Parents of 88 children in the age group of 1 to 12 years underwent an online survey regarding eating, sleeping habits, screen time and other activities before and during lockdown. Parents were also asked regarding any behavioural problems before and during lockdown. Results: Screen time in children has increased following the imposition of lockdown.30% children watched TV for more than 4 hours a day. Mobile phone usage has increased exponentially with all children of the study using mobile phones during lockdown as compared to 46% of children of the study using it before lockdown. 63% of children were reported to have more temper tantrums than usual. 67% of children indulged in more mischief and 63% were more tearful than usual. Conclusion: The increased screen time is worrying, as this habit has immediate as well as long term consequences. Disturbances in sleep seen as prolonged sleep latency, behavioural changes are closely associated with increased screen time as seen in various studies as in this one. Apart from contributing to the increasing burden of metabolic syndrome in these children, this has also raised ophthalmologic and psychiatric concerns. These issues should be anticipated, its manifestations should be closely monitored and interventions should be instituted. Parents should be sensitised regarding these issues and be advised to keep a close watch on the activities of the children.

scholarly journals 0915 Sleep Patterns and the Effect of Late Bedtime on School-Age Children and Adolescents: Preliminary Results

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A348-A348
Author(s):  
P Matsangas ◽  
S Gratsia ◽  
A Cocos ◽  
H Vastardis ◽  
N L Shattuck
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Sleep Deficit ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction School-age children (6-13yrs) and teenagers (14-17yrs) should receive 9-11hrs and 8-10hrs of sleep/day, respectively. Several studies have shown, however, that these age groups are chronically sleep deprived. Our study assessed the sleep patterns of a sample of children and teenagers in Athens, Greece. The study is part of a larger project investigating the association between orthodontic treatment and sleep disturbances. Methods Participants (N=27; 69% females; 21 school-age children 9-13yrs, 6 teenagers 14-17yrs) were under treatment in the Orthodontic Clinic of the National and Kapodistrian University. Sleep was assessed with actigraphy/logs for 59±19 days. Results Participants slept on average 7.36±0.42hrs/day. Nighttime sleep was on average 7.23±0.43hrs (percentage sleep: 87.3%±3.38%). Four (14.8%) participants napped at least once/week. Compared to the lowest sleep duration recommended for their age group, participants showed a chronic sleep deficit of 1.42±0.52hrs/day (range: 0.32-2.15hrs). The younger age group had an average sleep deficit of ~1.6hrs compared to ~0.8hrs for the teenagers (p=0.006). During the school year, daily sleep duration increased by ~0.73hrs on weekends (7.78±0.67hrs) compared to school nights (7.05±0.48hrs; p<0.001). On average, school-age participants slept from 23:13 (±31min) until 7:19 (±22min) on school nights and from 23:23 (±2:72hrs) until 8:49 (±39min) on weekends. Teenagers slept from 00:34 (±36min) until 7:40 (±14min) on school nights and from 01:34 (±41min) until 10:34 (±48min) on weekends. Conclusion Our findings verify earlier survey results showing that restricted sleep is a problem for children and adolescents in Greece. To our surprise, both age groups go to bed quite late. The impact of late bedtime on sleep duration, however, is larger in the younger group due to their larger sleep needs. In contrast to earlier research in rural areas, napping was not common in our urban sample, probably due to extracurricular activities and studying at home. Support N/A

scholarly journals A STUDY OF IMPACT OF EXCESSIVE USE OF MOBILE PHONES ON EYE DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Kshama Pandey ◽  
Aditya Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Online Classes ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: This study was designed to determine the impact of increased screen time during covid-19 pandemic for online classes. Methodology : A cross sectional survey on 200 students from different schools and colleges was designed to find changes in eye condition due to increased screen time using a validate questionaire. Result: A comparison of statistical analysis on 200 students reveals that near about 70% students are dependent on mobile phone for online classes whereas 30% students use other electronic gadgets. The screen time of students have been increased 4 times in this pandemic due to which students experiences asthenopic symptoms. Conclusion: The increased screen timing tends to appearance of asthenopic symptoms and eye strain in maximum students along with decrease in concentration. It suggest that before conducting online class students should be trained about the right way of taking online classes so that it's adverse effects can be reduced .

scholarly journals The Impact of Online Lecture in The Covid-19 Pandemic Towards The Course Material Understanding (Explorative Study to Islamic Education Postgraduate Students at IAIN Salatiga)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Aida Dwi Rahmawati ◽  
Abdul Khamid
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Distant Learning ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Online Lectures ◽  
Online Implementation ◽  
Course Material ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study was to know about student’s material understanding because implementation online lectures in pandemic. Then, the positive impact of conducting online lectures and inhibiting factors. This research is qualitative approach. Primary data by Google Form and secondary data by articles. By this, the PAI Postgraduate online implementation strategy utilizing whatsapp group, zoom, and google form. The positive impacts, distant learning prevent outbreaks; flexible lecture time; easier to understand; add insight related to the use of technology;  saving cost. While the inhibiting effects is hard to get a comprehensive explanation; difficult signals; lectures who have assignments without explanation; hard to find sources.

scholarly journals Applying Data Science to Assess Postpartum Depression in Women from Rural Bihar in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1446-1451
Author(s):  
CRia Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Data Science ◽  
The State ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Sample Average ◽  
The Impact

Abstract: Postpartum Depression (PPD) affects women during pregnancy or within a year of giving birth. This paper uses data science principles to study the prevalence of PPD in women from the state of Bihar in India. Data was obtained by trained surveyors for a random sample of 531 women, aged 15 to 41 years old, who had been pregnant or recently given birth. Our results show a significant occurrence of PPD in the population with 24% ± 4% of women showing symptoms based on a 95% confidence interval. We analyze the impact of age, number of children and sex of the last child on PPD. PPD was found to be 70% more prevalent in women between the ages of 30 and 39, correlated with them having more children. Women in this age group had on an average 4.6 children compared to the overall sample average of 2.1 children per mother. Keywords: postpartum depression, rural women, data science

scholarly journals Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Gardening in the United States: Postpandemic Expectations

2022 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
David San Fratello ◽  
Benjamin L. Campbell ◽  
William G. Secor ◽  
Julie H. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Household Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Age Group ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Green Industry ◽  
Normal Green ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic altered the way many consumers and businesses transacted business. Concerning the green industry, many households began gardening and/or purchased more green industry products. As the pandemic ends and households begin to return to normal, green industry firms need to understand this new normal. Using an online national survey of households, we assessed which households were more likely to remain in the market after entering during the height of the pandemic (2020). Findings indicated that younger consumers (i.e., Millennials and younger individuals who were born in 1985 or after) were less likely to indicate they always garden (before the pandemic) but more likely to have started gardening during the pandemic and perceived that they would not continue to garden as states returned to normal (2021). This age group was also more likely to not have gardened in 2020, but they intended to garden in 2021. This finding shows a dichotomy in gardening preferences in this young age group. Further findings indicated that race, household income, number of children in the household, and the impact of the pandemic on the household also help explain the household’s decision to garden or not.

THE IMPACT OF QUARANTINE ON PROCRASTINATION AMONG STUDENTS POLISH MEDICAL UNIVERSITIES – THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF THE RESEARCH PROJECT

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
Agata Jopkiewicz ◽  
Maria Jopkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Screen Time ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Psychological Control ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Behavioural Pattern ◽  
Research Project ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Procrastination is defined as the delaying of making decisions or completing obligatory tasks. It is a constant but unadaptive behavioural pattern of an individual, making life difficult. Procrastination affects an individual’s psychological and physiological functioning, and is associated with habitual screen time, sleep disturbances, low self-esteem, loss of psychological control over time. The aim of the article is to present the phenomenon of procrastination and the planned research project on this still not fully recognized phenomenon

scholarly journals Sleep, Anxiety, and Academic Performance: A Study of Adolescents From Public High Schools in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoning Zhang ◽  
Dagmara Dimitriou ◽  
Elizabeth J. Halstead
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Online Education ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Optimal Learning ◽  
End Times ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: Sleep is essential for optimal learning across the developmental pathways. This study aimed to (1) explore whether school start and end times and screen time influenced sleep disturbances in adolescents during the lockdown in China and (2) investigate if sleep disturbances at night and sleep-related impairment (daytime fatigue) influenced adolescents' academic performance and anxiety levels.Methods: Ninety-nine adolescents aged 15–17 years old were recruited from two public schools in Baishan City Jilin Province, China. An online questionnaire was distributed including questions on adolescents' demographics, screen time habits, academic performance, anxiety level, sleep disturbances, and sleep-related impairment.Results: Adolescents who started school earlier and ended school later had a greater severity of sleep disturbances and sleep-related impairment compared with students who started school later and finished earlier. Adolescents who engaged in screen time at bedtime were more likely to have a greater severity of sleep-related impairment than students who reported no screen time use at bedtime. Adolescents who had a greater severity of sleep disturbances had higher anxiety and higher academic achievements than adolescents with less sleep disturbances. Finally, 79.7% of adolescents reported their total sleep duration as <8 h.Conclusions: Adolescents are experiencing sleep disturbances to manage academic demands during COVID-19, which in turn is having a wider impact on their mental health. Many schools internationally have continued to provide online education to students, longitudinal studies on how COVID-19 has influenced adolescents sleep and mental health would be beneficial in understanding the impact of the pandemic.

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